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Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And The Problems Of Safeguarding Against The Spread Of Nuclear Weapons
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Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons by : United States Accounting Office (GAO)
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GAO undertook a review to determine the relationship between commercial spent nuclear fuel reprocessing and worldwide weapons proliferation and the adequacy of safeguards technology to detect diversions of weapons-usable material. In 1977, the President decided to indefinitely defer commercial nuclear spent fuel reprocessing in the United States because of the risks of nuclear technology and/or materials being diverted from such plants. This decision was justified on the basis that the United States can sustain its nuclear power program for the foreseeable future without reprocessing and that premature commercialization of reprocessing in the United States could encourage other nations to expand reprocessing activities. Despite the U.S. policy, many other countries continue to expand their reprocessing programs. Reprocessing, the chemical separation of usable uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear power reactor fuel, produces plutonium which can be used to construct a nuclear weapon. Safeguard systems used at federal reprocessing plants cannot assure that diversions of weapons-usable material for unauthorized purposes can be detected in a timely manner. Material control and accountability systems cannot accurately measure and account for weapons-usable material in spent fuel rods and in the process and waste streams. Instruments needed to measure the precise quantity of this material in spent nuclear reactor fuel have not been developed and current accountability systems cannot determine precisely the quantity being processed. Accurate measurements are also lacking in the radioactive waste portions of reprocessing operations. Since material control and accountability systems do not provide timely information on quantities or locations of weapons-usable material, it is doubtful that a diversion could be discovered before the material could be converted into a suitable form for weapons. The Department of Energy (DOE) relies on physical security to ensure the integrity of its material control and accountability systems. While DOE recognizes the limitations of its systems, it has not comprehensively identified these limitations or developed an approach to provide for as much safeguard protection as may be necessary. To date, effective worldwide systems and controls are nonexistent partly because the United States is not fully supporting a proposed international plutonium management and storage regime. U.S. research and development efforts fall short of providing the needed framework to solve reprocessing safeguards problems.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :178 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safeguarding the Atom by : David Fischer
Download or read book Safeguarding the Atom written by David Fischer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safeguards play a key role in verifying the effectiveness of restraints on the spread of nuclear weapons. Originally published in 1985, this book is a study of the safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency, an important element of the non-proliferation regime. It breaks new ground by focusing on the politics of safeguards, especially the political problems of the IAEA and of the day-to-day application of safeguards. It contains a critical appraisal and proposals for ways of improving existing procedures, and of adapting them to the political and technological changes of recent years. Safeguarding the Atom gives an analysis of the following questions: What are IAEA safeguards and how do they work? How effective are they? How can they be reinforced? What sanctions can be imposed in the event of non-compliance? IAEA safeguards represent the world's first and so far only attempt to verify an arms control agreement by systematic on-site inspection, and their applicability to other arms control measures is examined.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Reprocessing and Proliferation by : United States. Congressional Budget Office
Download or read book Nuclear Reprocessing and Proliferation written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and the Problems of Safeguarding Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and High Level Waste Disposal: Safeguards, proliferation & alternate fuel cycles by : California Energy Commission
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and High Level Waste Disposal: Safeguards, proliferation & alternate fuel cycles written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and High-level Waste Management: Safeguards, proliferation & alternate fuel cycles by : California Energy Commission
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and High-level Waste Management: Safeguards, proliferation & alternate fuel cycles written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Arrangements for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing by : Abram Chayes
Download or read book International Arrangements for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by Abram Chayes and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Nonproliferation by : Frederick C. Williams
Download or read book Nuclear Nonproliferation written by Frederick C. Williams and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1979 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Nonproliferation: The Spent Fuel Problem examines the debate concerning the storage of spent fuel generated by nuclear reactors and its implications for nuclear nonproliferation efforts. Potential barriers to the establishment or expansion of national storage facilities for spent fuel are discussed, along with alternatives. This book covers a broad spectrum of possible multinational and international arrangements for spent fuel management, ranging from relatively benign international oversight of national facilities to arrangements for bilateral and regional cooperation, and even the c ...
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing: U.S. Policy Development by :
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing: U.S. Policy Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the World War II effort to develop the atomic bomb, reprocessing technology was developed to chemically separate and recover fissionable plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel. In the early stage of commercial nuclear power, reprocessing was thought essential to supplying nuclear fuel. Federally sponsored breeder reactor development included research into advanced reprocessing technology. Several commercial interests in reprocessing foundered due to economic, technical, and regulatory issues. President Carter terminated federal support for reprocessing in an attempt to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons material. Reprocessing for nuclear weapons production ceased shortly after the Cold War ended. The Department of Energy now proposes a new generation of "proliferation-resistant" reactor and reprocessing technology.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :120 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (14 download)
Book Synopsis Economic Aspects of Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy
Download or read book Economic Aspects of Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The International Atomic Energy Agency and World Nuclear Order by : Lawrence Scheinman
Download or read book The International Atomic Energy Agency and World Nuclear Order written by Lawrence Scheinman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Atomic Energy Agency has had a leading responsibility in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and misuse of materials intended for nuclear energy across the world. Originally published in 1987, in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 which proved the utmost importance of the agency, Scheinman explores the function of the IAEA and the challenges it faced. This report also lists ways that the agency could be strengthened touching on topics such as leadership roles, support for safeguarding functions and prevention from the agency being overwhelmed by international and national political issues. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Reprocessing by : Source Wikipedia
Download or read book Nuclear Reprocessing written by Source Wikipedia and published by University-Press.org. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 44. Chapters: Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident, Bismuth phosphate process, CANFLEX, Clab, Fluoride volatility, Geomelting, International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation, MOX fuel, Novouralsk, Nuclear fuel cycle, Nuclear fuel cycle information system, Post Irradiation Examination, PUREX, Reprocessed uranium, Spent nuclear fuel, Spent nuclear fuel shipping cask, Thorium fuel cycle. Excerpt: Nuclear reprocessing technology was developed to chemically separate and recover fissionable plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel. Reprocessing serves multiple purposes, whose relative importance has changed over time. Originally reprocessing was used solely to extract plutonium for producing nuclear weapons. With the commercialization of nuclear power, the reprocessed plutonium was recycled back into MOX nuclear fuel for thermal reactors. The reprocessed uranium, which constitutes the bulk of the spent fuel material, can in principle also be re-used as fuel, but that is only economic when uranium prices are high. Finally, a breeder reactor can employ not only the recycled plutonium and uranium in spent fuel, but all the actinides, closing the nuclear fuel cycle and potentially multiplying the energy extracted from natural uranium by about 60 times. Nuclear reprocessing reduces the volume of high-level waste, but by itself does not reduce radioactivity or heat generation and therefore does not eliminate the need for a geological waste repository. Reprocessing has been politically controversial because of the potential to contribute to nuclear proliferation, the potential vulnerability to nuclear terrorism, the political challenges of repository siting (a problem that applies equally to direct disposal of spent fuel), and because of its high cost compared to the once-through fuel cycle. In the United States, the...
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and High Level Waste Disposal: General overview by : California Energy Commission
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and High Level Waste Disposal: General overview written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Waste Management by : Jinsuo Zhang
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Waste Management written by Jinsuo Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how to effectively, efficiently, and responsibly manage used nuclear fuels is a concern of major impediment in the light of today's increasing usage of nuclear power and development of advanced nuclear reactors. This book focuses on two significant areas of (used) nuclear fuel: the reprocessing technology, and waste disposal and management. The book covers the fundamental knowledge, the current state-of-the-art, and future research activities for each topic.This book provides readers with the fundamental knowledge behind of nuclear used fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste management, and their technical applications, and their requirements and practices; to make the readers aware of social, economic, and environmental concerns as well as technical research needs. The book covers two well-known and well-developed reprocessing technologies: aqueous reprocessing technology, and electrochemical pyroprocessing. On the subject of waste management, it covers the dry storage of used nuclear fuel, novel waste form design, and nuclear waste disposal.This book is a good guide for readers who want to understand, apply, or develop the technologies.
