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Nox Control In Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation
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Book Synopsis NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines by : B. Ashok
Download or read book NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines written by B. Ashok and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Book Synopsis NOX̳ Control in Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation \ by : Mohamed Razi Nalim
Download or read book NOX̳ Control in Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation \ written by Mohamed Razi Nalim and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective NOx Recirculation for Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines by : Nigel N. Clark
Download or read book Selective NOx Recirculation for Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines written by Nigel N. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) generated by internal combustion (IC) engines are implicated in adverse environmental and health effects. Even though lean-burn natural gas engines have traditionally emitted lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions compared to their diesel counterparts, natural gas engines are being further challenged to reduce NOx emissions to 0.1 g/bhp-hr. The Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) approach for NOx reduction involves cooling the engine exhaust gas and then adsorbing the NOx from the exhaust stream, followed by the periodic desorption of NOx. By sending the desorbed NOx back into the intake and through the engine, a percentage of the NOx can be decomposed during the combustion process. SNR technology has the support of the Department of Energy (DOE), under the Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems (ARES) program to reduce NOx emissions to under 0.1 g/bhp-hr from stationary natural gas engines by 2010. The NO decomposition phenomenon was studied using two Cummins L10G natural gas fueled spark-ignited (SI) engines in three experimental campaigns. It was observed that the air/fuel ratio ({lambda}), injected NO quantity, added exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) percentage, and engine operating points affected NOx decomposition rates within the engine. Chemical kinetic model predictions using the software package CHEMKIN were performed to relate the experimental data with established rate and equilibrium models. The model was used to predict NO decomposition during lean-burn, stoichiometric burn, and slightly rich-burn cases with added EGR. NOx decomposition rates were estimated from the model to be from 35 to 42% for the lean-burn cases and from 50 to 70% for the rich-burn cases. The modeling results provided an insight as to how to maximize NOx decomposition rates for the experimental engine. Results from this experiment along with chemical kinetic modeling solutions prompted the investigation of rich-burn operating conditions, with added EGR to prevent preignition. It was observed that the relative air/fuel ratio, injected NO quantity, added EGR fraction, and engine operating points affected the NO decomposition rates. While operating under these modified conditions, the highest NO decomposition rate of 92% was observed. In-cylinder pressure data gathered during the experiments showed minimum deviation from peak pressure as a result of NO injections into the engine. A NOx adsorption system, from Sorbent Technologies, Inc., was integrated with the Cummins engine, comprised a NOx adsorbent chamber, heat exchanger, demister, and a hot air blower. Data were gathered to show the possibility of NOx adsorption from the engine exhaust, and desorption of NOx from the sorbent material. In order to quantify the NOx adsorption/desorption characteristics of the sorbent material, a benchtop adsorption system was constructed. The temperature of this apparatus was controlled while data were gathered on the characteristics of the sorbent material for development of a system model. A simplified linear driving force model was developed to predict NOx adsorption into the sorbent material as cooled exhaust passed over fresh sorbent material. A mass heat transfer analysis was conducted to analyze the possibility of using hot exhaust gas for the desorption process. It was found in the adsorption studies, and through literature review, that NO adsorption was poor when the carrier gas was nitrogen, but that NO in the presence of oxygen was adsorbed at levels exceeding 1% by mass of the sorbent. From the three experimental campaigns, chemical kinetic modeling analysis, and the scaled benchtop NOx adsorption system, an overall SNR system model was developed. An economic analysis was completed, and showed that the system was impractical in cost for small engines, but that economies of scale favored the technology.
Book Synopsis Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Retrofit NOx Control on Natural Gas Engines by : Charles M. Urban
Download or read book Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Retrofit NOx Control on Natural Gas Engines written by Charles M. Urban and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Combustion and Emissions by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective NOx Recirculation for Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines by :
Download or read book Selective NOx Recirculation for Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) involves cooling the engine exhaust gas and then adsorbing the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust stream, followed by the periodic desorption of NOx. By returning the desorbed, concentrated NOx into the engine intake and through the combustion chamber, a percentage of the NOx is decomposed during the combustion process. An initial study of NOx decomposition during lean-burn combustion was concluded in 2004 using a 1993 Cummins L10G 240hp natural gas engine. It was observed that the air/fuel ratio, injected NO (nitric oxide) quantity and engine operating points affected NOx decomposition rates of the engine. Chemical kinetic modeling results were also used to determine optimum NOx decomposition operating points and were published in the 2004 annual report. A NOx decomposition rate of 27% was measured from this engine under lean-burn conditions while the software model predicted between 35-42% NOx decomposition for similar conditions. A later technology 1998 Cummins L10G 280hp natural gas engine was procured with the assistance of Cummins Inc. to replace the previous engine used for 2005 experimental research. The new engine was equipped with an electronic fuel management system with closed-loop control that provided a more stable air/fuel ratio control and improved the repeatability of the tests. The engine was instrumented with an in-cylinder pressure measurement system and electronic controls, and was adapted to operate over a range of air/fuel ratios. The engine was connected to a newly commissioned 300hp alternating current (AC) motoring dynamometer. The second experimental campaign was performed to acquire both stoichiometric and slightly rich (0.97 lambda ratio) burn NOx decomposition rates. Effects of engine load and speed on decomposition were quantified, but Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was not varied independently. Decomposition rates of up to 92% were demonstrated. Following recommendations at the 2004 ARES peer review meeting at Argonne National Laboratories, in-cylinder pressure was measured to calculate engine indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) changes due to NOx injections and EGR variations, and to observe conditions in the cylinder. The third experimental campaign gathered NOx decomposition data at 800, 1200 and 1800 rpm. EGR was added via an external loop, with EGR ranging from zero to the point of misfire. The air/fuel ratio was set at both stoichiometric and slightly rich conditions, and NOx decomposition rates were calculated for each set of runs. Modifications were made to the engine exhaust manifold to record individual exhaust temperatures. The three experimental campaigns have provided the data needed for a comprehensive model of NOx decomposition during the combustion process, and data have confirmed that there was no significant impact of injected NO on in-cylinder pressure. The NOx adsorption system provided by Sorbent Technologies Corp. (Twinsburg, OH), comprised a NOx adsorber, heat exchanger and a demister. These components were connected to the engine, and data were gathered to show both the adsorption of NOx from the engine, and desorption of NOx from the carbon-based sorbent material back into the engine intake, using a heated air stream. In order to quantify the NOx adsorption/desorption characteristics of the sorbent material, a bench top adsorption system was constructed and instrumented with thermocouples and the system output was fed into a NOx analyzer. The temperature of this apparatus was controlled while gathering data on the characteristics of the sorbent material. These data were required for development of a system model. Preliminary data were gathered in 2005, and will continue in early 2006. To assess the economic benefits of the proposed SNR technology the WVU research team has been joined in the last quarter by Dr Richard Turton (WVU-Chemical Engineering), who is modeling, sizing and costing the major components. The tasks will address modeling and preliminary design of the heat exchanger, demister and NOx sorbent chamber suitable for a given engine. A simplified linear driving force model was developed to predict NOx adsorption into the sorbent material as cooled exhaust passes over fresh sorbent material. This aspect of the research will continue into 2006, and the benefits and challenges of SNR will be compared with those of competing systems, such as Selective Catalytic Reduction. Chemical kinetic modeling using the CHEMKIN software package was extended in 2005 to the case of slightly rich burn with EGR. Simulations were performed at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the intake air replaced with EGR. NOx decomposition efficiency was calculated at the point in time where 98% of fuel was consumed, which is believed to be a conservative approach. The modeling data show that reductions of over 70% are possible using the ''98% fuel burned'' assumption.
Book Synopsis New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines by : Masaaki Okubo
Download or read book New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines written by Masaaki Okubo and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines provides a unique overview on marine diesel engines and aftertreatment technologies that is based on the authors’ extensive experience in research and development of emission control systems, especially plasma aftertreatment systems. The book covers new and updated technologies, such as combustion improvement and after treatment, SCR, the NOx reduction method, Ox scrubber, DPF, Electrostatic precipitator, Plasma PM decomposition, Plasma NOx reduction, and the Exhaust gas recirculation method. This comprehensive resource is ideal for marine engineers, engine manufacturers and consultants dealing with the development and implementation of aftertreatment systems in marine engines. Includes recent advances and future trends of marine engines Discusses new and innovative emission technologies for marine diesel engines and their regulations Covers aftertreatment technologies that are not widely applied, such as catalysts, SCR, DPF and plasmas
Book Synopsis Particulate and NOx Reduction in a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine Using High Levels of Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Very Early Or Very Late Start of Injection by : Adam Edgar Klingbeil
Download or read book Particulate and NOx Reduction in a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine Using High Levels of Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Very Early Or Very Late Start of Injection written by Adam Edgar Klingbeil and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sourcebook, NOx Control Technology Data by : Lisa M. Campbell
Download or read book Sourcebook, NOx Control Technology Data written by Lisa M. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available Information on control of NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources has been compiled to assist new source permitting activities by regulatory agencies. The sources covered are combustion turbines, Internal combustion engines, non-utility boilers and heaters, and waste Incinerators. The report discusses the background of NO, formation in the combustion process, major NO sources, and processes for NOx control. The current status of NO control technology Is discussed and applications to meet permitting requirements Is detailed. Permitted NOx emission levels are summarized by combustion source, fuel type and control technology. Documentation includes references and contacts for further Information.
Book Synopsis Modelling and Observation of Exhaust Gas Concentrations for Diesel Engine Control by : Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez
Download or read book Modelling and Observation of Exhaust Gas Concentrations for Diesel Engine Control written by Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a complete new methodology for the on-board measurements and modeling of gas concentrations in turbocharged diesel engines. It provides the readers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-art in NOx and lambda estimation and describes new important achievements accomplished by the author. These include: the online characterization of lambda and NOx sensors; the development of control-oriented models of lambda and NOx emissions; the design of computationally efficient updating algorithms; and, finally, the application and evaluation of the methods on-board. Because of its technically oriented approach and innovative findings on both control-oriented algorithms and virtual sensing and observation, this book offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of control and information engineering.
Book Synopsis Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation to Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine by : Mustaqim Mohamad
Download or read book Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation to Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine written by Mustaqim Mohamad and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct injection (DI) diesel engine is well design today as a main power train solution for trucks and others relevant heavy duty vehicles. However, at the same time emission legislation, mainly for oxides of nitrogens (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) becomes more obvious, reducing their limit to extremely low values. One efficient method to control NOx in order to achieve the future emission limit are the rather high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates accompanied by increased boost pressure to avoid the negative impact on soot emissions. EGR is one of the most effective means of reducing NOx emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines and is widely used in order to meet the emission standards. In the present work, experimental investigation has been carried out to make an analysis the NOx reduction characteristics and the effect to the engine performance by using exhaust gas recirculation between two different fueled engine using biodiesel (palm oil methyl ester B5) and light diesel. This experiment was carried out using a four-cylinder DI diesel engine Mitsubishi 4D68. The purpose of this experiment was conducted is to know the effect of EGR on diesel engine performance and the quantity of NOx emissions in diesel engine's exhaust. The performance of the diesel engine and the quantity of NOx emissions in exhaust gas with using EGR in this experiment will be compared with the performance of the engine and the quantity of NOx emissions in the exhaust gas which not using EGR during the experiment. The results obtained by experiments showing that the EGR has caused the engine performance decreased as compared with no use of EGR. EGR is the best solution for reduced the production of NOx in the exhaust.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation Into the Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Diesel Engine NOx Control by : Caroline Elizabeth Bowen
Download or read book Experimental Investigation Into the Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Diesel Engine NOx Control written by Caroline Elizabeth Bowen and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines by : Eran Sher
Download or read book Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines written by Eran Sher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-03-20 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is an important and valuable source for engineers and researchers in the area of internal combustion engines pollution control. It provides an excellent updated review of available knowledge in this field and furnishes essential and useful information on air pollution constituents, mechanisms of formation, control technologies, effects of engine design, effects of operation conditions, and effects of fuel formulation and additives. The text is rich in explanatory diagrams, figures and tables, and includes a considerable number of references. An important resource for engineers and researchers in the area of internal combustion engines and pollution control Presents and excellent updated review of the available knowledge in this area Written by 23 experts Provides over 700 references and more than 500 explanatory diagrams, figures and tables
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Engines by : Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan
Download or read book Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.
Book Synopsis Diesel Engine System Design by : Qianfan Xin
Download or read book Diesel Engine System Design written by Qianfan Xin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 1087 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel Engine System Design links everything diesel engineers need to know about engine performance and system design in order for them to master all the essential topics quickly and to solve practical design problems. Based on the author's unique experience in the field, it enables engineers to come up with an appropriate specification at an early stage in the product development cycle. Links everything diesel engineers need to know about engine performance and system design featuring essential topics and techniques to solve practical design problems Focuses on engine performance and system integration including important approaches for modelling and analysis Explores fundamental concepts and generic techniques in diesel engine system design incorporating durability, reliability and optimization theories
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation Into the Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Diesel Engine NOx Control by :
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation Into the Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Diesel Engine NOx Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
