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Author : Nelson M. Blachman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Noise and Its Effect on Communication written by Nelson M. Blachman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nelson M. Blachman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (859 download)
Download or read book Noise and Its Effects on Communication written by Nelson M. Blachman and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hans Slabbekoorn
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493985744
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)
Download or read book Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals written by Hans Slabbekoorn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years, many investigators interested in the effects of man-made sounds on animals have come to realize that there is much to gain from studying the broader literature on hearing sound and the effects of sound as well as data from the effects on humans. It has also become clear that knowledge of the effects of sound on one group of animals (e.g., birds or frogs) can guide studies on other groups (e.g., marine mammals or fishes) and that a review of all such studies together would be very useful to get a better understanding of the general principles and underlying cochlear and cognitive mechanisms that explain damage, disturbance, and deterrence across taxa. The purpose of this volume, then, is to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of man-made sounds on animals, with the goal of fulfilling two major needs. First, it was thought to be important to bring together data on sound and bioacoustics that have implications across all taxa (including humans) so that such information is generally available to the community of scholars interested in the effects of sound. This is done in Chaps. 2-5. Second, in Chaps. 6-10, the volume brings together what is known about the effects of sound on diverse vertebrate taxa so that investigators with interests in specific groups can learn from the data and experimental approaches from other species. Put another way, having an overview of the similarities and discrepancies among various animal groups and insight into the “how and why” will benefit the overall conceptual understanding, applications in society, and all future research.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Noise: Its Effect on Man and Machine written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Haven Wiley
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674287061
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)
Download or read book Noise Matters written by R. Haven Wiley and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noise, as we usually think of it, is background sound that interferes with our ability to hear more interesting sounds. In general terms, though, it is anything that interferes with the reception of signals of any sort. It includes extraneous energy in the environment, degradation of signals in transit, and spontaneous random activity in receivers and signalers. Whatever the cause, the consequence of noise is error by receivers, and these errors are the key to understanding how noise shapes the evolution of communication. Noise Matters breaks new ground in the scientific understanding of how communication evolves in the presence of noise. Combining insights of signal detection theory with evidence from decades of his own original research, Haven Wiley explains the profound effects of noise on the evolution of communication. The coevolution of signalers and receivers does not result in ideal, noise-free communication, Wiley finds. Instead, signalers and receivers evolve to a joint equilibrium in which communication is effective but never error-free. Noise is inescapable in the evolution of communication. Wiley’s comprehensive approach considers communication on many different levels of biological organization, from cells to individual organisms, including humans. Social interactions, such as honesty, mate choice, and cooperation, are reassessed in the light of noisy communication. The final sections demonstrate that noise even affects how we think about human language, science, subjectivity, and freedom. Noise Matters thus contributes to understanding the behavior of animals, including ourselves.
Download or read book Агитатор политинформатор, докладчик written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Karl D. Kryter
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483272621
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Man written by Karl D. Kryter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Effects of Noise on Man covers the techniques for the evaluation of environmental noise in terms of its effects on human. The book provides the fundamental definitions of sound, its measurement, and concepts of the basic functioning, and the attributes of the auditory system. The text also presents along with their experimental basis, procedures for estimating from physical measures of noise its effects on man's auditory system and speech communications. The last part of the book is devoted to man's nonauditory system responses and includes information about the effects of noise on work performance, sleep, feelings of pain, vision, and blood circulation.
Author : Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781496001597
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Occupational Noise Exposure written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress declared that its purpose was to assure, so far as possible, safe and healthful working conditions for every working man and woman and to preserve our human resources. In this Act, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is charged with recommending occupational safety and health standards and describing exposure concentrations that are safe for various periods of employment-including but not limited to concentrations at which no worker will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his or her work experience. By means of criteria documents, NIOSH communicates these recommended standards to regulatory agencies (including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) and to others in the occupational safety and health community. Criteria documents provide the scientific basis for new occupational safety and health standards. These documents generally contain a critical review of the scientific and technical information available on the prevalence of hazards, the existence of safety and health risks, and the adequacy of control methods. In addition to transmitting these documents to the Department of Labor, NIOSH also distributes them to health professionals in academic institutions, industry, organized labor, public interest groups, and other government agencies. In 1972, NIOSH published Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Noise, which provided the basis for a recommended standard to reduce the risk of developing permanent hearing loss as a result of occupational noise exposure [NIOSH 1972]. NIOSH has now evaluated the latest scientific information and has revised some of its previous recommendations. The 1998 recommendations go beyond attempting to conserve hearing by focusing on preventing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This criteria document reevaluates and reaffirms the recommended exposure limit (REL) for occupational noise exposure established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 1972. The REL is 85 decibels, A-weighted, as an 8-hr time-weighted average (85 dBA as an 8-hr TWA). Exposures at or above this level are hazardous. By incorporating the 4000-Hz audiometric frequency into the definition of hearing impairment in the risk assessment, NIOSH has found an 8% excess risk of developing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) during a 40-year lifetime exposure at the 85-dBA REL. NIOSH has also found that scientific evidence supports the use of a 3-dB exchange rate for the calculation of TWA exposures to noise. The recommendations in this document go beyond attempts to conserve hearing by focusing on prevention of occupational NIHL. For workers whose noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA, NIOSH recommends a hearing loss prevention program (HLPP) that includes exposure assessment, engineering and administrative controls, proper use of hearing protectors, audiometric evaluation, education and motivation, recordkeeping, and program audits and evaluations. Audiometric evaluation is an important component of an HLPP. To provide early identification of workers with increasing hearing loss, NIOSH has revised the criterion for significant threshold shift to an increase of 15 dB in the hearing threshold level (HTL) at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 6000 Hz in either ear, as determined by two consecutive tests. To permit timely intervention and prevent further hearing losses in workers whose HTLs have increased because of occupational noise exposure, NIOSH no longer recommends age correction on individual audiograms.
Author : William John Richardson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals written by William John Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael D. Greenfield
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195134524
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Signalers and Receivers written by Michael D. Greenfield and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most terrestrial and aquatic habitats, the vast majority of animals transmitting and receiving communicative signals are arthropods. This book presents the story of how this important group of animals use pheromones, sound, vibration, and light for sexual and social communication. Because of their small to minute body size most arthropods have problems sending and receiving acoustic and optical information, each of which have their own severe constraints. Because of these restraints they have developed chemical signaling which is not similarly limited by scale. Presenting the latest theoretical and experimental findings from studies of signaling, it suggests that close parallels between arthropods and vertebrates reflect a very limited number of solutions to problems in behavior that are available within the confines of physical laws.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309099498
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Noise and Military Service written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine carried out a study mandated by Congress and sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide an assessment of several issues related to noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus associated with service in the Armed Forces since World War II. The resulting book, Noise and Military Service: Implications for Hearing Loss and Tinnitus, presents findings on the presence of hazardous noise in military settings, levels of noise exposure necessary to cause hearing loss or tinnitus, risk factors for noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus, the timing of the effects of noise exposure on hearing, and the adequacy of military hearing conservation programs and audiometric testing. The book stresses the importance of conducting hearing tests (audiograms) at the beginning and end of military service for all military personnel and recommends several steps aimed at improving the military services' prevention of and surveillance for hearing loss and tinnitus. The book also identifies research needs, emphasizing topics specifically related to military service.
Author : Andrea Simmons
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387986618
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)
Download or read book Acoustic Communication written by Andrea Simmons and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-10-04 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to communicate, animals send and receive signals that are subject to their particular anatomical, psychological, and environmental constraints. This SHAR volume discusses both the production and perception of acoustic signals. Chapters address the information that animals communicate, how the communication is developed and learned, and how communication systems have adapted and evolved within species. The book will give examples from a variety of species.
Author : Fred E. Jandt
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1544383886
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Intercultural Communication written by Fred E. Jandt and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Intercultural Communication equips students with the knowledge and skills to be competent and confident intercultural communicators. Best-selling author Fred E. Jandt guides readers through key concepts and helps them connect intercultural competence to their own life experiences in order to enhance understanding. Employing his signature accessible writing style, Jandt presents balanced, up-to-date content in a way that readers find interesting and thought-provoking. The Tenth Edition gives increased attention to contemporary social issues in today’s global community such as gender identifications, social class identity, and immigration and refugees. Included with this title: The password-protected Instructor Resource Site (formally known as SAGE Edge) offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides.
Author : Syed Mohsin Abbas
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031316630
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)
Download or read book Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding written by Syed Mohsin Abbas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a detailed overview of a universal Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding technique, known as Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND), has been introduced for short-length and high-rate linear block codes. The interest in short channel codes and the corresponding ML decoding algorithms has recently been reignited in both industry and academia due to emergence of applications with strict reliability and ultra-low latency requirements . A few of these applications include Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, augmented and virtual Reality, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the Internet of Things (IoTs), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), which is an important use case for the 5G-NR standard. GRAND features both soft-input and hard-input variants. Moreover, there are traditional GRAND variants that can be used with any communication channel, and specialized GRAND variants that are developed for a specific communication channel. This book presents a detailed overview of these GRAND variants and their hardware architectures. The book is structured into four parts. Part 1 introduces linear block codes and the GRAND algorithm. Part 2 discusses the hardware architecture for traditional GRAND variants that can be applied to any underlying communication channel. Part 3 describes the hardware architectures for specialized GRAND variants developed for specific communication channels. Lastly, Part 4 provides an overview of recently proposed GRAND variants and their unique applications. This book is ideal for researchers or engineers looking to implement high-throughput and energy-efficient hardware for GRAND, as well as seasoned academics and graduate students interested in the topic of VLSI hardware architectures. Additionally, it can serve as reading material in graduate courses covering modern error correcting codes and Maximum Likelihood decoding for short codes.
Author : Sisir Roy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811695830
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Noise and Randomness in Living System written by Sisir Roy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-13 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates the role of randomness and noise in living organisms. Traditionally, the randomness and noise have been used in understanding signal processing in communications. This book is divided into two sections, the first of which introduces readers to the various types and sources of noise and the constructive role of noise in non-linear dynamics. It also analyses the importance of randomness and noise in a variety of science and engineering applications. In turn, the second section discusses in detail the functional role of noise in biological processes for example, in case of brain function at the level of ion channel, synaptic level and even at cognitive level. These are described in various chapters. One of the challenging issue finding the neuronal correlates of various meditative states is to understand how brain controls various types of noise so as to reach a state of synchronized oscillatory state of the brain corresponding to the state of Samadhi. This is described in details in one chapter called Noise, Coherence and meditation. The concept of noise and the role of randomness in living organism raise lot of controversy for last few decades. This is discussed in a separate chapter. Finally, the epistemic and ontic nature of randomness as discussed in physical science are investigated in the context of living organism.
Author : Uma Narula
Publisher : Atlantic Publishers & Dist
ISBN 13 : 9788126906765
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (67 download)
Download or read book Communication Models written by Uma Narula and published by Atlantic Publishers & Dist. This book was released on 2006 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book Communication Models Presents The Evolutionary Scenario Of Communication Concepts And Strategies, Concerns And Challenges, And The Changes In Modalities Of Communications, Both People Oriented And Technology Oriented. The Style Of Presenting These From Different Perspectives In The Form Of Models Enhances Its Value For It Facilitates Quick Understanding. New Models May Occur Due To Changes In Modalities Of Communications. Along With This, Newer Needs And Demands May Turn Up. Social Attitudes And Values May Change For Newer Needs And Demands. People Become More Aware, Educated And Motivated In These Diverse Contexts And Set Up New Modalities For Both Interpersonal And Media Communication. In Order To Present And Explain The Widened Scope Of Different Communication Perspectives, More And Advanced Level Communication Models Evolve. The Present Book Focuses On Communication Framework, Concept Of Communication And Communication Perspective. It Presents Communication Models In Nine Sections Highlighting The Perspectives From Which Human Communications Are Practiced, Interpreted And Analyzed Overtime. It Makes A Detailed Study Of Models Vis-À-Vis Development Communication Models, International Communication And Globalization Models, Intercultural Models, Technology Models, Communication Management Models, Communication Research Models, Business Communication Models And Models For Communication Strategies And Planning. The Book Would Prove A Useful Aid In Presenting Communication In Different Perspectives To The Students, Teachers And Trainers, Researchers, Practitioners, Professionals, And Educators Who Deal In Diverse Areas Of Communication And Focus On The Critical Issues Pertaining To Them. The Book Is Cohesive And Easily Comprehensible.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309092965
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Hearing Loss written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
