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Nmr And Mri Of Gels
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Book Synopsis NMR and MRI of Gels by : Yves De Deene
Download or read book NMR and MRI of Gels written by Yves De Deene and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gels are used in a large variety of commercial and scientific products from drug delivery systems and food science to biomedical sensors. They also are invaluable in MRI physics research where they mimic biological tissue and in radiotherapy quality assurance where they are used to capture the three dimensional radiation dose distribution. This unique book discusses the state-of-the-art of NMR and MRI techniques in studying the physics and chemistry of gel systems, in their application as MRI phantoms and as three dimensional radiation dosimeters. The first part of the book will cover the fundamental physical concepts of gels and the NMR techniques to study gel systems. The second part is dedicated to the application of gels in the life sciences and in the medical practice to validate radiotherapy and new MRI techniques. Filling the gap in literature, this volume provides the scientific reader with an extensive overview of possible techniques and methods to study the interesting properties and applications of gels. For the MRI researcher and medical physicist, the book will be a valuable resource in using gel phantoms for validating contemporary MRI techniques and radiotherapy treatments.
Book Synopsis Investigation of NMR Properties of Gel Volume Change with Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Kaung-Ti Yung
Download or read book Investigation of NMR Properties of Gel Volume Change with Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Kaung-Ti Yung and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NMR-dose Response Studies of the Gels Used for 3-D Radiation Dosimetry by Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Chantal Audet
Download or read book NMR-dose Response Studies of the Gels Used for 3-D Radiation Dosimetry by Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Chantal Audet and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Hydrogels for Controlled Release Applications by : Halil M. Oztop
Download or read book Characterization of Hydrogels for Controlled Release Applications written by Halil M. Oztop and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gels prepared from whey proteins can be used for controlled release of nutrients or active ingredients in food systems. These gel systems, exhibit pH-dependent swelling when placed in aqueous solutions. Understanding the physics that govern gel swelling is thus important when designing gel-based delivery platforms. In this study swelling of whey protein gels (WPG) were examined under different conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and NMR relaxometry were used as the main tools of characterizing these gels. For most of the study heat-set WPGs (17% w/w protein) were used. Swelling was monitored in aqueous solutions with pH values of 2.5, 7 and 10. Changes in dimension over time, as characterized by the number of voxels in an MR image, were correlated to gravimetric measurements. Excellent correlations between mass uptake and volume change (R2=0.99) were obtained for the gels in aqueous solutions at pH 7 and 10, but not for gels in the aqueous solution at pH 2.5. To provide insight into the mechanisms for water uptake, NMR relaxation times (T2) were measured in independent experiments. The relaxation spectrum for the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) showed the presence of three proton pools for pH 7 and 10 trials and four proton pools for pH 2.5 trials. Divalent salts are used commonly for gelation of polymer molecules. Calcium, Ca2, is one of the most common divalent ions that is used in WPGs. Manganese, Mn2, also divalent, but paramagnetic, enhancing relaxation decay rates in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used as a probe to understand the behavior of Ca+2 in these gels. MR Images obtained with gels immersed in MnCl2 solution revealed a relaxation sink region in the gel's surface and the thickness of the region increased with time. These 'no signal' regions in the MR images were attributed to uptake of Mn+2 by the gel. Results obtained with CaCl2 solution indicated that since Ca+2 did not have the paramagnetic effect, the regions where Ca+2 diffused into the gel exhibited a slight decrease in signal intensity. The relaxation spectrums exhibited three populations of protons, for gels immersed in MnCl2 solution, and two populations for gels in CaCl2 solution. No significant change in T2 distributions was observed for the gels immersed in CaCl2 solution. To understand the reverse behavior, -release of the ions-, WPGs loaded with Mn+2 were placed in solutions at pHs 2.40, 6.94 and at pH 10.40 w/wo EDTA. Release of the divalent cation Mn+2 from the gels was enhanced by chelation of free Mn+2 in water containing EDTA (pH>pI) as determined by the relaxation times (T2's) of the WPG. T2 spectrums for Mn+2 loaded gels obtained from multiexponential decays curves differed significantly between two different soaking baths (EDTA (pH>pI vs. pHpI) with respect to the relative concentrations of hydrogen's populating each of the corresponding proton pools and relaxation times. For Ca+2, a strong correlation (R20.99) was found between relative areas of the proton pool's and the amount of calcium released out. In that regard, relaxation spectrum analysis was used to monitor the kinetics of Ca+2 release from the WPG at pH 2.4. At pH 2.40, release of Ca+2 was higher than that of Mn+2. Modeling of mass uptake was also presented in terms of Case I (Fickian diffusion) and Case II (kinetic) models. Due to the extent of swelling, the Fickian diffusion with moving boundaries provided the most realistic reflection of the physics. The average diffusivity was found to be changing between 0.79 x 10−10 m2/s.-1.40 x 10−10 m2/s. The model also yielded instantaneous values of the radius and sample length. The Fickian diffusion with moving boundary model can be extended to evaluate different geometries for controlled release systems. In the final part of the study, release of a model nutrient was examined from whey protein gel particles. Whey proteins in combination with alginate were used to obtain delivery systems. The three whey protein/alginate combination gel solution and beads including riboflavin (0, 50, 100% alginate) were investigated. The three whey protein/alginate combination gel solution and beads (0, 50, 100% alginate) were investigated. Riboflavin release from the beads into a xanthan/sucrose suspending solution was most rapid for the 100% alginate beads, slower for the 100% whey and the 50% Whey-50% Alginate mixture beads. Disintegration of the pure alginate beads was evident in the MRI data at 13 hrs. Multiexponential analysis of proton decay curves yielded two compartments for the beads. The proportion of the second compartment correlated directly with the release rate, the greater the proportion of the 2nd compartment, the rapid the release rate.
Book Synopsis NMR and Fractal Properties of Polymeric Liquids and Gels by : J. P. Cohen Addad
Download or read book NMR and Fractal Properties of Polymeric Liquids and Gels written by J. P. Cohen Addad and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NMR and MRI of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Devices by : Yong Yang
Download or read book NMR and MRI of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Devices written by Yong Yang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy storage material is a hot topic in material science and chemistry. During the past decade, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a powerful tool to aid understanding of the working and failing mechanisms of energy storage materials and devices. The aim of this book is to introduce the use of NMR methods for investigating electrochemical storage materials and devices. Presenting a comprehensive overview of NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on energy storage materials, the book will include the theory of paramagnetic interactions and relevant calculation methods, a number of specific NMR approaches developed in the past decade for battery materials (e.g. in situ, ex situ NMR, MRI, DNP, 2D NMR, NMR dynamics) and case studies on a variety of related materials. Helping both NMR spectroscopists entering the field of batteries and battery specialists seeking diagnostic methods for material and device degradation, it is written by leading authorities from international research groups in this field.
Book Synopsis Implementation of MRI Gel Dosimetry in Radiation Therapy by : Sven Å. J. Bäck
Download or read book Implementation of MRI Gel Dosimetry in Radiation Therapy written by Sven Å. J. Bäck and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymer Gels for Water Control by : Ghaitan A. Al-Muntasheri
Download or read book Polymer Gels for Water Control written by Ghaitan A. Al-Muntasheri and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Magnetic Resonance by : Graham A. Webb
Download or read book Modern Magnetic Resonance written by Graham A. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 1889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of the applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electron-Spin Resonance (ESR). Covers the wide ranging disciplines in which these techniques are used: * Chemistry; * Biological Sciences; * Pharmaceutical Sciences; * Medical uses; * Marine Science; * Materials Science; * Food Science. Illustrates many techniques through the applications described, e.g.: * High resolution solid and liquid state NMR; * Low resolution NMR, especially important in food science; * Solution State NMR, especially important in pharmaceutical sciences; * Magnetic Resonance Imaging, especially important for medical uses; * Electron Spin Resonance, especially important for spin-labelling in food, marine and medical studies.
Book Synopsis Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Multidimensional Imaging to the Gelcasting Process and In-situ Real-time Monitoring of Cross-linking Polyacrylamide Gels by :
Download or read book Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Multidimensional Imaging to the Gelcasting Process and In-situ Real-time Monitoring of Cross-linking Polyacrylamide Gels written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the gelcasting process, a slurry of ceramic powder in a solution of organic monomers is cast in a mold. The process is different from injection molding in that it separates mold-filling from setting during conversion of the ceramic slurry to a formed green part. In this work, NMR spectroscopy and imaging have been conducted for in-situ monitoring of the gelation process and for mapping the polymerization. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained during polymerization of a premix of soluble reactive methacrylamide (monomer) and N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (cross-linking molecules). The premix was polymerized by adding ammonium persulfate (initiator) and tetramethyl-ethylene-diamine (accelerator) to form long-chain, cross-linked polymers. The time-varying spin-lattice relaxation times T1 during polymerization have been studied at 25 and 35°C, and the variation of spectra and T1 with respect to extent of polymerization has been determined. To verify homogeneous polymerization, multidimensional NMR imaging was utilized for in-situ monitoring of the process. The intensities from the images are modeled and the correspondence shows a direct extraction of T1 data from the images.
Book Synopsis Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Multidimensional Imaging to the Gelcasting Process and In-situ Real-time Monitoring of Cross-linking Polyacrylamide Gels by :
Download or read book Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Multidimensional Imaging to the Gelcasting Process and In-situ Real-time Monitoring of Cross-linking Polyacrylamide Gels written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NMR Investigation of Food Structure by : Shu-Wen Han
Download or read book NMR Investigation of Food Structure written by Shu-Wen Han and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Block Copolymer Micellar and Gel Systems by : John Godward
Download or read book Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Block Copolymer Micellar and Gel Systems written by John Godward and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NMR Spectroscopy by : Harald Günther
Download or read book NMR Spectroscopy written by Harald Günther and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques in chemical research for investigating structures and dynamics of molecules. Advanced methods can even be utilized for structure determinations of biopolymers, for example proteins or nucleic acids. NMR is also used in medicine for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method is based on spectral lines of different atomic nuclei that are excited when a strong magnetic field and a radiofrequency transmitter are applied. The method is very sensitive to the features of molecular structure because also the neighboring atoms influence the signals from individual nuclei and this is important for determining the 3D-structure of molecules. This new edition of the popular classic has a clear style and a highly practical, mostly non-mathematical approach. Many examples are taken from organic and organometallic chemistry, making this book an invaluable guide to undergraduate and graduate students of organic chemistry, biochemistry, spectroscopy or physical chemistry, and to researchers using this well-established and extremely important technique. Problems and solutions are included.
Book Synopsis Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food Digestion by : Ourania Gouseti
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food Digestion written by Ourania Gouseti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, this singular and comprehensive text presents a focus on quantitative studies aiming to describe food digestion and the tools that are available for quantification. A case study relevant to real-world applications places this theoretical knowledge in context and demonstrates the different ways digestion studies can be used to develop food products. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food Digestion undertakes a multidisciplinary approach to food digestion studies, placing them in context and presenting relevant phenomena plus the challenges and limitations of different approaches. This book presents a unique, useful reference work to scientists, students, and researchers in the area of food science, engineering, and nutrition. Over the last two decades there has been an increasing demand for foods that deliver specific nutritional values. In addition, the dramatic increase of food related diseases such as obesity requires the development of novel food products that control satiety and glycemic response. Overall, digestion studies are gaining increasing attention in recent years, especially as the link between diet and health/well-being becomes more evident. However, digestion is a complex process involving a wide range of disciplines such as medicine, nutrition, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. While a significant body of work exists within each discipline, there is a lack of a multidisciplinary approach on the topic which will provide a holistic view of the process. With Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food Digestion, researchers are finally presented with this much needed approach.
Book Synopsis MRI from Picture to Proton by : Donald W. McRobbie
Download or read book MRI from Picture to Proton written by Donald W. McRobbie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology.
Book Synopsis Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI by : Daniel Topgaard
Download or read book Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI written by Daniel Topgaard and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical MRI community is by far the largest user of diffusion NMR techniques and this book captures the current surge of methods and provides a primary source to aid adoption in this field. There is a trend to adapting the more advanced diffusion encoding sequences developed by NMR researchers within the fields of porous media, chemical engineering, and colloid science to medical research. Recently published papers indicate great potential for improved diagnosis of the numerous pathological conditions associated with changes of tissue microstructure that are invisible to conventional diffusion MRI. This book disseminates these recent developments to the wider community of MRI researchers and clinicians. The chapters cover the theoretical basis, hardware and pulse sequences, data analysis and validation, and recent applications aimed at promoting further growth in the field. This is a fast moving field and chapters are written by key MRI scientists that have contributed to the successful translation of the advanced diffusion NMR methods to the context of medical MRI, from global locations.
