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Author : Bartholomew Inzalishi Muruli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea Mays L.) written by Bartholomew Inzalishi Muruli and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dalmas Owino Sigunga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789054856818
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (568 download)
Download or read book Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake by Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Vertisols in Kenya written by Dalmas Owino Sigunga and published by . This book was released on 1997* with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general objectives of this study were to increase the understanding of nitrogen (N) losses in maize cropping on Vertisols, and to develop management options to reduce such losses and to improve fertilizer N use efficiency. The specific objectives were. to quantify the effects of fertilizer N sources and management practices on (i) fertilizer N losses through denitrification, NH3 volatilization and bypass flow, (ii) fertilizer N use efficiency by maize, considering agronomic, recovery, and physiological N efficiencies, and (iii) the uptake of nutrients other than N. Both laboratory- and field-based investigations were conducted. Laboratory experiments were carried out to identify and rank the factors influencing denitrification, NH3 volatilization, and bypass flow. Field experiments were conducted to test various management options. It was found that the critical soil moisture content for denitrification to commence was 60% of the water holding capacity (WHC), but substantial denitrification occurred at 80% WHC. Denitrification rate depended primarily on soil moisture content and available C. The amount of N lost through denitrification was determined by both the rate and duration of denitrification. From the laboratory investigations it was confirmed that NH3 volatilization depended primarily on soil pH and fertilizer properties. It was also found that Kenya Vertisols have pH ranging between 5.5 and 9.1, indicating different potentials for NH3 volatilization. Incorporating fertilizer materials within the 0-5 cm soil layer significantly reduced NH3-N losses. Nitrate-N was the main N-form in which N was recovered in the bypass flow, and the amount of N recovered increased with increasing rate of N03-N application. NH4-N treatment had no effect on N loss through bypass flow. The results showed that bypass flow can be an important avenue of N03-N loss from Vertisols especially if applied early in the season when the characteristic cracks of Vertisols have not closed. Drains, 40 and 60 cm deep, led to deeper rooting depth and higher yields of maize than the 0 and 20 cm deep drains. Besides, the uptake of N, P, and K was higher on drained than undrained plots. The late maturing hybrid H614 was superior to early maturing H511 in terms of N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. It is recommended that 40 cm deep drains with inter-drain spacing of 15 - 20 metres be provided as prerequisite step in the management of Vertisols for maize production.
Author : Juan Luis Rouanet M.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nitrogen Use Efficiency Traits for Identifing Suitable Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Under Low Nitrogen Cropping Systems written by Juan Luis Rouanet M. and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paolo Borsa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Two Maize (Zea Mays, L.) Hybrids written by Paolo Borsa and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arvin Mosier
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597267430
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)
Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
Author : KIRAN M. V
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (796 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Weed Management Practices in Maize (Zea Mays L.) written by KIRAN M. V and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mathias Nijimbere
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Corn (Zea Mays L.) Populations written by Mathias Nijimbere and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeff L. Bennetzen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387778632
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Author : N.K. Fageria
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560222897
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (228 download)
Download or read book Physiology of Crop Production written by N.K. Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This single volume explores the theoretical and the practical aspects of crop physiological processes around the world The marked decrease over the past century in the land available for crop production has brought about mounting pressure to increase crop yields, especially in developing nations. Physiology of Crop Production provides cutting-edge research and data for complete coverage of the physiology of crop production, all in one source, right at your fingertips. This valuable reference gives the extensive in-depth information soil and crop professionals need to maximize crop productivity anywhere the world. Leading soil and plant scientists and researchers clearly explain theory, practical applications, and the latest advances in the field. Crop physiology is a vital science needed to understand crop growth and development to facilitate increases of plant yield. Physiology of Crop Production presents a wide range of information and references from varying regions of the world to make the book as complete and broadly focused as possible. Discussion in each chapter is supported by experimental data to make this book a superb resource that will be used again and again. Chapter topics include plant and root architecture, growth and yield components, photosynthesis, source-sink relationship, water use efficiency, crop yield relative to water stress, and active and passive ion transport. Several figures and tables accompany the extensive referencing to provide a detailed, in-depth look at every facet of crop production. Physiology of Crop Production explores management strategies for: ideal plant architecture maximizing root systems ideal yield components maximizing photosynthesis maximizing source-sink relationship sequestration of carbon dioxide reducing the effects of drought improving N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S nutrition improving micronutrient uptake Physiology of Crop Production is an essential desktop resource for plant physiologists, soil and crop scientists, breeders, agronomists, agronomy administrators in agro-industry, educators, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.
Author : Jennifer Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Integrating Root and Leaf Phenotypes to Enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea Mays L.). written by Jennifer Yang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing crop varieties with greater resource use efficiency and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress is a key strategy for mitigating effects of climate change and resource depletion, while ensuring food security for a rapidly growing human population. Nitrogen is the mineral element required in greatest abundance by plants, and its availability is a primary determinant of plant growth and crop yield. Yet, nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most costly agricultural inputs, and inaccessible in sufficient quantities to low-input farmers. Conversely, excess application of fertilizer to maximize yields in intensive commercial operations has resulted in environmental damage and economic losses; an estimated 50% of applied nitrogen is not captured by crops, and contaminates ground water, creates hypoxic zones, or volatilizes as harmful greenhouse gases.Maize (Zea mays L.) is a dominant crop, with approximately 1 billion tons produced globally for food, fuel, and industrial uses per year. Breeding maize varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, defined as grain yield per unit soil nitrogen) both in capturing nitrogen in soil (uptake efficiency, NUpE) and converting acquired nitrogen into grain yield (utilization efficiency, NUtE) would have substantial environmental and economic benefits. Selection under increased planting densities has indirectly contributed to modest gains in NUE in modern maize varieties, along with agronomic advances. However, trait-based approaches could lead to targeted improvement in NUE for both high-input farms and nitrogen-deficient soils.In maize, a shoot-borne, nodal root system is responsible for the majority of nitrogen uptake, and consists of successive nodes (whorls) of axial roots with multiple orders of lateral branching. These root nodes develop acropetally as leaves emerge, and increase in diameter and number to support exponential shoot growth. My research had three primary objectives: (1) to evaluate the extent of genotypic variation in anatomical phenotypes across root nodes and develop optimal phenotyping strategies under different nitrogen conditions, (2) to identify nodal root traits or trait combinations associated with improved NUpE, and (3) to determine whether variation in root and leaf anatomy are strongly linked, and explore combinations of root and shoot phenotypes which could optimize NUE in maize.
Author : Jiban Shrestha
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1612334407
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Growth and Productivity of Winter Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Different Levels of Nitrogen and Plant Population written by Jiban Shrestha and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field of Anandapur, Mangalpur VDC-3, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season from September 2006 to February 2007 to study the effects of nitrogen and plant population on maize. Fifteen treatment combinations consisting of five levels of nitrogen: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha and three levels of plant population; 55555 plants/ha (60 cm × 30 cm spacing), 66666 plants/ha (60 cm × 25 cm spacing) and 83333 plants/ha (60 cm × 20 cm spacing) were tested in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. “Rampur Composite” variety of maize was planted on sandy silt loam and strongly acidic soil having medium in total nitrogen (0.123%), high in soil available phosphorous (77.56 kg/ha) and low in soil available potassium (23.25 kg/ha). The research findings revealed that each level of nitrogen significantly increased grain yield upto 200 kg N/ha. The grain yield (6514.48 kg/ha) obtained under 200 kg N/ha was significantly higher than that of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha. The percent increment in yield due to application of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha was to the extent of 62.11, 104.74, 135.68 and 154.74%, respectively over control. Significant effect on grain yield due to different levels of plant population was observed. The grain yield (5113.46 kg/ha) obtained under 66666 plants/ha was statistically at par with that under 83333 plants/ha, but significantly superior over that under 55555 plants/ha. The interaction between different nitrogen levels and plant densities on grain yield showed that the highest grain yield (6925.79 kg/ha) was obtained under treatment of 200 kg N/ha + 66666 plants/ha. The yield attributes namely number of cobs/plant, cob length, cob diameter, number of grain rows/cob and 1000 seed weight significantly increased with increasing N levels and decreasing plant population levels. The number of barren plants/ha decreased with increasing levels of N but increased with increasing levels of plant population. The net return (Rs. 42188.74/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (1.67) obtained under 200 kg N/ha were significantly highest than that obtained under other levels of nitrogen (150, 100, 50 and 0 kg N/ha). The plant population of 66666 plants/ha gave the highest net returns (Rs. 25812.28) which was 10.19 and 49.64% higher than that of 83333 plants/ha and 55555 plants/ha, respectively. The benefit: cost ratio (1.44) obtained under 66666 plants/ha was significantly higher than that of 55555 and 83333 plants/ha. The interaction between different nitrogen levels and plant densities on economics of maize production showed that significantly highest net return (Rs.48606.98) and B:C ratio (1.78) were under treatment of 200 kg N/ha + 66666 plants/ha. The highest grain yield and maximum profit were obtained when maize variety “Rampur Composite” was planted with 200 kg N/ha and plant population level of 66666 plants/ha (60 cm × 25 cm spacing).
Author : Yash P. Abrol
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128119047
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book The Indian Nitrogen Assessment written by Yash P. Abrol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, and Management Options and Policies provides a reference for anyone interested in Reactive N, from researchers and students, to environmental managers. Although the main processes that affect the N cycle are well known, this book is focused on the causes and effects of disruption in the N cycle, specifically in India. The book helps readers gain a precise understanding of the scale of nitrogen use, misuse, and release through various agricultural, industrial, vehicular, and other activities, also including discussions on its contribution to the pollution of water and air. Drawing upon the collective work of the Indian Nitrogen Group, this reference book helps solve the challenges associated with providing reliable estimates of nitrogen transfers within different ecosystems, also presenting the next steps that should be taken in the development of balanced, cost-effective, and feasible strategies to reduce the amount of reactive nitrogen. Identifies all significant sources of reactive nitrogen flows and their contribution to the nitrogen-cycle on a national, regional, and global level Covers nitrogen management across sectors, including the environment, food security, energy, and health Provides a single reference on reactive nitrogen in India to help in a number of activities, including the evaluation, analysis, synthesis, documentation, and communications on reactive nitrogen
Author : Irwin Rubenstein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483272427
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Plants written by Irwin Rubenstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of Plants presents the formal scientific presentations delivered on the symposium on plant molecular biology, held at the University of Minnesota in 1976. The topics in this book are organized around the central dogma of molecular biology. Section I describes the organization and replication of DNA in plant chromosomes, including chloroplast genomes; Section II discusses molecular aspects of transcription and translation, ribosomal RNA gene systems and hormonal control of protein synthesis. Section III examines plant viruses and bacterial agents, in particular the crown gall system, viroids, and the replication of plant RNA viruses. Each of these specific topics contributes to an integrated knowledge of plant molecular biology. The book will be of interest to geneticists, cell biologists, plant breeders, plant physiologists, plant pathologists, and biochemists.
Author : Victor Sadras
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124169791
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)
Download or read book Crop Physiology written by Victor Sadras and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From climate change to farming systems to genetic modification of organisms, Crop Physiology, Second Edition provides a practical tool for understanding the relationships and challenges of successful cropping. With a focus on genetic improvement and agronomy, this book addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. The second edition of Crop Physiology continues to provide a unique analysis of these topics while reflecting important changes and advances in the relevant science and implementation systems. Contemporary agriculture confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against the background of soil and water scarcity, worldwide and regional shifts in the patterns of land use driven by both climate change and the need to develop crop-based sources of energy, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability. Provides a view of crop physiology as an active source of methods, theories, ideas, and tools for application in genetic improvement and agronomy Written by leading scientists from around the world Combines environment-specific cropping systems and general principles of crop science to appeal to advanced students, and scientists in agriculture-related disciplines, from molecular sciences to natural resources management
Author : Mohammad Pessarakli
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 082474134X
Total Pages : 997 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-18 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from over 70 international experts, this reference provides comprehensive coverage of plant physiological stages and processes under both normal and stressful conditions. It emphasizes environmental factors, climatic changes, developmental stages, and growth regulators as well as linking plant and crop physiology to the production of food, feed, and medicinal compounds. Offering over 300 useful tables, equations, drawings, photographs, and micrographs, the book covers cellular and molecular aspects of plant and crop physiology, plant and crop physiological responses to heavy metal concentration and agrichemicals, computer modeling in plant physiology, and more.
Author : Gilles Lemaire
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642606849
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Diagnosis of the Nitrogen Status in Crops written by Gilles Lemaire and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a link between theoretical and applied aspects of plant nutrition and agriculture, this book introduces new concepts in plant nutrition. It shows how these can be applied in order to assess the nitrogen status in crops and to improve nitrogen nutrition through optimized N fertilization management. In this way economic benefits can be obtained, while at the same time preventing detrimental effects on the environment. The main agricultural crops - grasses, wheat, barley, Durum wheat, maize, sorghum, grain legumes and potatoes - are covered. The book will be an invaluable source for agronomists.
Author : Nazma Begum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)
Download or read book Genotypic Differences in Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea Mais L.) in Relation to Leaf Senescence written by Nazma Begum and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
