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Nitrogen Fixation By Associative Cyanobacteria In The Canadian Arctic
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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation by Associative Cyanobacteria in the Canadian Arctic by : Katherine J. Stewart
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation by Associative Cyanobacteria in the Canadian Arctic written by Katherine J. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Atmospheric N2-fixation by cyanobacteria is a key source of newly fixed N in nutrient-poor arctic ecosystems. To further determine the causes of N limitation and predict long-term responses to climate change the controls of biological N2-fixation must be better understood. Using acetylene reduction assays we evaluated the spatial and temporal variation in N2-fixation by associative cyanobacteria in various ecosystem types in both the low and high Canadian Arctic. The direct and indirect effects of soil moisture, plant community functional composition, and bryophyte and lichen abundance on rates of N2-fixation were examined at sites varying in latitude and vegetation type. The linkages between N and C cycling processes in arctic systems were examined through paired measurements of N2-fixation, inorganic soil N with surface greenhouse gas fluxes, including CO2, N2O and CH4. Total growing season N2-fixation input across a low arctic landscape was estimated at 0.68 kg ha−1yr−1, which is slightly less than twice the estimated average N input 0.39 kg ha−1yr−1 via precipitation. N2-fixation by bryophyte-cyanobacterial associations appear to be very important across the Canadian Arctic. Increasing soil moisture was strongly associated with an increasing presence of bryophytes and increasing bryophyte abundance was a major factor determining higher N2-fixation rates at all sites. Shrubs had a negative effect on bryophyte abundance; competition from vascular plants, potentially through shading, may negatively influence N2-fixation. Soil N status was linked to rates or N2-fixation in both the high and low Arctic indicating that these N2-fixing associations act as important point sources of soil N. Higher rates of nitrification may be associated with warmer and drier vegetation types; however, increasing NO3-N availability does not appear to increase rates of denitrification. Loss of N through denitrification was not a significant factor in the N cycle at the high arctic sites examined. We found many factors control both the spatial and temporal variability of N2-fixation, including topography, microtopography, vegetation characteristics, microclimatic conditions, nifH abundance and availability of other nutrients, such as phosphorus. Moisture, however, appears to be a key factor not only in determining N2-fixation but also by influencing related nutrient cycling processes."--P. ii-iii.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation by Associative Cyanobacteria in the Canadian Arctic by : Katherine Stewart
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation by Associative Cyanobacteria in the Canadian Arctic written by Katherine Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric N₂-fixation by cyanobacteria is a key source of newly fixed N in nutrient-poor arctic ecosystems. To further determine the causes of N limitation and predict long-term responses to climate change the controls of biological N₂-fixation must be better understood. Using acetylene reduction assays we evaluated the spatial and temporal variation in N₂-fixation by associative cyanobacteria in various ecosystem types in both the low and high Canadian Arctic. The direct and indirect effects of soil moisture, plant community functional composition, and bryophyte and lichen abundance on rates of N₂-fixation were examined at sites varying in latitude and vegetation type. The linkages between N and C cycling processes in arctic systems were examined through paired measurements of N₂-fixation, inorganic soil N with surface greenhouse gas fluxes, including CO₂, N₂O and CH₄. Total growing season N₂-fixation input across a low arctic landscape was estimated at 0.68 kg ha⁻~yr⁻~, which is slightly less than twice the estimated average N input 0.39 kg ha⁻~yr⁻~ via precipitation. N₂-fixation by bryophyte-cyanobacterial associations appear to be very important across the Canadian Arctic. Increasing soil moisture was strongly associated with an increasing presence of bryophytes and increasing bryophyte abundance was a major factor determining higher N₂-fixation rates at all sites. Shrubs had a negative effect on bryophyte abundance; competition from vascular plants, potentially through shading, may negatively influence N₂-fixation. Soil N status was linked to rates or N₂-fixation in both the high and low Arctic indicating that these N₂-fixing associations act as important point sources of soil N. Higher rates of nitrification may be associated with warmer and drier vegetation types; however, increasing NO₃-N availability does not appear to increase rates of denitrification. Loss of N through denitrification was not a significant factor in the N cycle at the high arctic sites examined. We found many factors control both the spatial and temporal variability of N₂-fixation, including topography, microtopography, vegetation characteristics, microclimatic conditions, nifH abundance and availability of other nutrients, such as phosphorus. Moisture, however, appears to be a key factor not only in determining N₂-fixation but also by influencing related nutrient cycling processes.
Book Synopsis Free-living Cyanobacteria and Their Nitrogen Fixation Activity in a High Arctic Environment by : Turid Liengen
Download or read book Free-living Cyanobacteria and Their Nitrogen Fixation Activity in a High Arctic Environment written by Turid Liengen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cyanobacteria in Symbiosis by : A.N. Rai
Download or read book Cyanobacteria in Symbiosis written by A.N. Rai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial symbioses are no longer regarded as mere oddities but as important components of the biosphere, occurring both in terrestrial and aquatic habitats worldwide. It is becoming apparent that they can enter into symbiosis with a wider variety of organisms than hitherto known, and there are many more still to be discovered, particularly in marine environments. The chapters cover cyanobacterial symbioses with plants (algae, bryophytes, Azolla, cycads, Gunnera), cyanobacterial symbioses in marine environments, lichens, Nostoc-Geosiphon (a fungus closely related to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi) symbiosis, and artificial associations of cyanobacteria with economically important plants. In addition, cyanobiont diversity, sensing-signalling, and evolutionary aspects of the symbiosis are dealt with. Renowned experts actively involved in research on cyanobacterial symbioses deal with ecological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and applied aspects of all known cyanobacterial symbioses. This volume on cyanobacteria in symbiosis complements the two earlier volumes on cyanobacteria published by Kluwer (Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria, edited by D.A. Bryant and Ecology of Cyanobacteria, edited by B.A. Whitton and M. Potts). Together, the three volumes provide the most comprehensive treatment of cyanobacterial literature as a whole. The book will serve as a valuable reference work and text for teaching and research in the field of plant-microbe interactions and nitrogen fixation.
Book Synopsis Does collembolan grazing influence nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in the high Arctic? by : T. BIRKEMOE
Download or read book Does collembolan grazing influence nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in the high Arctic? written by T. BIRKEMOE and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Associative Cyanobacteria in Nitrogen Fixation by Azolla by : TILAK M
Download or read book Role of Associative Cyanobacteria in Nitrogen Fixation by Azolla written by TILAK M and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbial Life in the Cryosphere and Its Feedback on Global Change by : Susanne Liebner
Download or read book Microbial Life in the Cryosphere and Its Feedback on Global Change written by Susanne Liebner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryosphere stands for environments where water appears in a frozen form. It includes permafrost, glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice and is currently more affected by Global Change than most other regions of the Earth. In the cryosphere, limited water availability and subzero temperatures cause extreme conditions for all kind of life which microorganisms can cope with extremely well. The cryosphere’s microbiota displays an unexpectedly large genetic potential, and taxonomic as well as functional diversity which, however, we still only begin to map. Also, microbial communities influence reaction patterns of the cryosphere towards Global Change. Altered patterns of seasonal temperature fluctuations and precipitation are expected in the Arctic and will affect the microbial turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Activation of nutrients by thawing and increased active layer thickness as well as erosion renders nutrient stocks accessible to microbial activities. Also, glacier melt and retreat stimulate microbial life in turn influencing albedo and surface temperatures. In this context, the functional resilience of microbial communities in the cryosphere is of major interest. Particularly important is the ability of microorganisms and microbial communities to respond to changes in their surroundings by intracellular regulation and population shifts within functional niches, respectively. Research on microbial life exposed to permanent freeze or seasonal freeze-thaw cycles has led to astonishing findings about microbial versatility, adaptation, and diversity. Microorganisms thrive in cold habitats and new sequencing techniques have produced large amounts of genomic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic data that allow insights into the fascinating microbial ecology and physiology at low and subzero temperatures. Moreover, some of the frozen ecosystems such as permafrost constitute major global carbon and nitrogen storages, but can also act as sources of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. In this book we summarize state of the art knowledge on whether environmental changes are met by a flexible microbial community retaining its function, or if the altered conditions also render the community in a state of altered properties that affect the Earth’s element cycles and climate. This book brings together research on the cryosphere’s microbiota including permafrost, glaciers, and sea ice in Arctic and Antarctic regions. Different spatial scales and levels of complexity are considered, spanning from ecosystem level to pure culture studies of model microbes in the laboratory. It aims to attract a wide range of parties with interest in the effect of climate change and/or low temperatures on microbial nutrient cycling and physiology.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation by the Cyanobacterium Nostoc Punctiforme in Response to Variation in Nitrogen Availability, Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations by : Danielle Alyce Griffith
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation by the Cyanobacterium Nostoc Punctiforme in Response to Variation in Nitrogen Availability, Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations written by Danielle Alyce Griffith and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The predominant input of available nitrogen (N) in boreal forest ecosystems originates from moss-associated cyanobacteria, which fix unavailable atmospheric N2, contribute to the soil N pool, and thereby support forest productivity. Although increases in N availability, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected in Canada's boreal region over the next century, little is known about the combined effects of these factors on N2 fixation by axenic cyanobacteria or the associated mechanisms. I assessed changes in N2 fixation by Nostoc punctiforme under different global environmental change scenarios and examined correlations between the response and changes in growth, heterocyst percentage, and heterocyst activity. With available N present, N. punctiforme did not perform N2 fixation or form heterocysts. Elevated CO2 stimulated growth and N2 fixation, but this result was influenced by a temperature-mediated growth cycle. Overall, my findings suggest a decrease in boreal N2 fixation rates in response to global environmental change.
Book Synopsis Ecology of Cyanobacteria II by : Brian A. Whitton
Download or read book Ecology of Cyanobacteria II written by Brian A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria have existed for 3.5 billion years, yet they are still the most important photosynthetic organisms on the planet for cycling carbon and nitrogen. The ecosystems where they have key roles range from the warmer oceans to many Antarctic sites. They also include dense nuisance growths in nutrient-rich lakes and nitrogen-fixers which aid the fertility of rice-fields and many soils, especially the biological soil crusts of arid regions. Molecular biology has in recent years provided major advances in our understanding of cyanobacterial ecology. Perhaps for more than any other group of organisms, it is possible to see how the ecology, physiology, biochemistry, ultrastructure and molecular biology interact. This all helps to deal with practical problems such as the control of nuisance blooms and the use of cyanobacterial inocula to manage semi-desert soils. Large-scale culture of several organisms, especially "Spirulina" (Arthrospira), for health food and specialist products is increasingly being expanded for a much wider range of uses. In view of their probable contribution to past oil deposits, much attention is currently focused on their potential as a source of biofuel. Please visit http://extras.springer.com/ to view Extra Materials belonging to this volume. This book complements the highly successful Ecology of Cyanobacteria and integrates the discoveries of the past twelve years with the older literature.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation in Arctic Marine Sediments by : Canada. Environment Canada
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Arctic Marine Sediments written by Canada. Environment Canada and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation: Symbiotic associations and cyanobacteria by : William Edward Newton
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation: Symbiotic associations and cyanobacteria written by William Edward Newton and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle by : Hermann Bothe
Download or read book Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle written by Hermann Bothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation by : Takuji Ohyama
Download or read book Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation written by Takuji Ohyama and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nitrogen fixation has essential role in N cycle in global ecosystem. Several types of nitrogen fixing bacteria are recognized: the free-living bacteria in soil or water; symbiotic bacteria making root nodules in legumes or non-legumes; associative nitrogen fixing bacteria that resides outside the plant roots and provides fixed nitrogen to the plants; endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria living in the roots, stems and leaves of plants. In this book there are 11 chapters related to biological nitrogen fixation, regulation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis, and agriculture and ecology of biological nitrogen fixation, including new models for autoregulation of nodulation in legumes, endophytic nitrogen fixation in sugarcane or forest trees, etc. Hopefully, this book will contribute to biological, ecological, and agricultural sciences.
Download or read book Cyanobacteria written by Naveen K. Sharma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading experts in the field, Cyanobacteria: An Economic Perspective is a comprehensive edited volume covering all areas of an important field and its application to energy, medicine and agriculture. Issues related to environment, food and energy have presented serious challenge to the stability of nation-states. Increasing global population, dwindling agriculture and industrial production, and inequitable distribution of resources and technologies have further aggravated the problem. The burden placed by increasing population on environment and especially on agricultural productivity is phenomenal. To provide food and fuel to such a massive population, it becomes imperative to find new ways and means to increase the production giving due consideration to biosphere’s ability to regenerate resources and provide ecological services. Cyanobacteria are environment friendly resource for commercial production of active biochemicals, drugs and future energy (biodiesel, bioethanol and hydrogen). Topics on isolation, identification and classification of cyanobacteria are discussed, as well as further sections on: summarizing a range of useful products synthesized by cyanobacteria, ecological services provided by cyanobacteria including their harmful effect in water bodies and associated flora and fauna. Chapter on tools, techniques, and patents also focus on the economic importance of the group. This book also provides an insight for future perspectives in each particular field and an extensive bibliography. This book will be a highly useful resource for students, researchers and professionals in academics in the life sciences including microbiology and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate by : F. Stuart Chapin III
Download or read book Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate written by F. Stuart Chapin III and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arctic region is predicted to experience the earliest and most pronounced global warming response to human-induced climatic change. This book synthesizes information on the physiological ecology of arctic plants, discusses how physiological processes influence ecosystem processes, and explores how climate warming will affect arctic plants, plant communities, and ecosystem processes. Reviews the physiological ecology of arctic plants Explores biotic controls over community and ecosystems processes Provides physiological bases for predicting how the Arctic will respond to global climate change
Book Synopsis Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research by :
Download or read book Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Psychrophiles: From Biodiversity to Biotechnology by : Rosa Margesin
Download or read book Psychrophiles: From Biodiversity to Biotechnology written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold adaptation includes a complex range of structural and functional adaptations at the level of all cellular constituents, and these adaptations render cold-adapted organisms particularly useful for biotechnological applications. This book presents the most recent knowledge of (i) boundary conditions for microbial life in the cold, (ii) microbial diversity in various cold ecosystems, (iii) molecular cold adaptation mechanisms and (iv) the resulting biotechnological perspectives.
