Nitrogen Fixation at the Millennium

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008053757X
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation at the Millennium by : G.J. Leigh

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation at the Millennium written by G.J. Leigh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The turn of the millennium from the twentieth to the twenty-first century provides an occasion to review our understanding of a biological process, biological nitrogen fixation, that is of prime importance for the continued survival of mankind. This process has provided a basis for maintaining soil fertility since the beginning of organised agriculture, yet its very existence was confirmed only just over a century ago. In the intervening years, an enormous intellectual effort has dispersed much of the mystery surrounding biological nitrogen fixation. Biological fixation is widely exploited in agriculture, as are nitrogen fertilisers prepared for the last hundred years under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. However, despite all our efforts, the fundamental nature of the reactions involved at the heart of the biological process remain unknown. This book aims to describe what we have learned in the last one hundred years or so about biological nitrogen fixation, about what its chemistry appears to be, and how it is applied in agriculture. This ambitious objective has not been attempted recently. It is aimed at students and those who wish to enter these very challenging areas of research, and who need to learn the state of the art at the turn of the millennium. The authors are all acknowledged world experts in their fields. They have prepared concise, well referenced and authoritative accounts of their subjects. This book provides a unique summary of the current state of knowledge that will be indispensable to all students and researchers, actual and potential, interested in biological nitrogen fixation.

Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402036116
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation by : Barry E. Smith

Download or read book Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation written by Barry E. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nitrogen fixation provides more than 50% of the total annual input of the essential element nitrogen to world agriculture. Thus, it is of immense agronomic importance and critical to food supplies, particularly in developing countries. This book, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the fascinating history of the process - including the surprising discoveries of molybdenum-independent nitrogenases and superoxide-dependent nitrogenase; a review of Man's attempts to emulate the biological process - most successfully with the commercially dominant Haber-Bosch process; and the current state of the understanding art with respect to the enzymes - called nitrogenases - responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. The initial chapters use a historical approach to the biological and industrial processes, followed by an overview of assay methodologies. The next set of chapters focuses on the classical enzyme, the molybdenum nitrogenase, and details its biosynthesis, structure, composition, and mechanism of action as well as detailing both how variants of its two component proteins are constructed by recombinant DNA technology and how computational techniques are being applied. The sophisticated chemical modelling of the metal-containing clusters in the enzyme is reviewed next, followed by a description of the two molybdenum-independent nitrogenases - first, the vanadium-containing enzyme and then the iron-only nitrogenase - together with some thoughts as to why they exist! Then follows an up-to-date treatment of the clearly "non-classical" properties of the superoxide-dependent nitrogenase, which more closely resembles molybdenum-containing hydroxylases and related enzymes, like nitrate reductase, that it does the other nitrogenases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of references. This book is the self-contained first volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this series and this volume. This book is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for all scientists working in this area, including agriculture and the closely related metals-in-biology area; to assist students to enter this challenging area of research; and to provide science administrators easy access to vital relevant information.

Nitrogen Fixation

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521648530
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (485 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation by : John Raymond Postgate

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation written by John Raymond Postgate and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introductory-level survey of biological nitrogen fixation, covering the role of the process in the global nitrogen cycle as well as its biochemistry, physiology, genetics, ecology, general biology and prospects for its future exploitation.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401151598
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century by : Claudine Elmerich

Download or read book Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century written by Claudine Elmerich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen availability is one of the most critical factors that limits plant productivity. The largest reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere, but this gaseous molecular nitrogen only becomes available to plants through the biological nitrogen fixation process, which only prokaryotic cells have developed. The discovery that microbes were providing fixed nitrogen to legumes and the isolation of the first nitrogen-fixing bacteria occured at the end the 19th Century, in Louis Pasteur's time. We are now building on more than 100 years of research in this field and looking towards the 21st Century. The International Nitrogen Fixation Congress series Started more than 20 years ago. The format of this Congress is designed to gather scientists from very diverse origins, backgrounds, interests and scientific approaches and is a forum where fundamental knowledge is discussed alongside applied research. This confluence of perspectives is, we believe, extremely beneficial in raising new ideas, questions and concepts.

Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401103798
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications by : Igor A. Tikhonovich

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications written by Igor A. Tikhonovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen fixation research is presented as a rapidly developing, synergistic area of modern science, using the methods of, and accumulating data from, many fundamental branches of biology and chemistry. These include catalytic mechanisms, protein structure and function, molecular organization of genes and the regulation of their activities, biochemistry of plants and microorganisms, the signalling and surface interactions between organisms, microbial taxonomy and evolution, formal and population genetics, and ecology. The relationships between biological nitrogen fixation research and different branches of applied biology are addressed and analyzed, such as: the monitoring of genetically engineered microorganisms, selection of plant-associated microbes, plant breeding, increasing the protein content of crops, providing ecologically safe food production, and diminishing the chemical pollution of the environment. Immediate impacts and long-term prospects for nitrogen fixation research are presented: both fundamentals and applications.

Nitrogen Fixation

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468464329
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation by : Peter M. Gresshoff

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation written by Peter M. Gresshoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are witnessing an increased awareness of the earth's environment. Examples are easily seen in the rise of 'Green Parties' across Europe, North America, Australasia, and lately Eastern Europe. The public outcry following industrial mishaps in Alaska, Chernobyl, Basel, and Bhopal, as well as the renewed legislative activity, such as the Clean Air Act in the USA and the European Community directive to member nation concerning the control of release of genetically engineered organisms are further examples of the general interest in the biosphere. The 'Ozone hole', 'Greenhouse gases', and 'Genetically engineered Microorganisms' have gained public profiles, and are discussed widely in newspapers, magazines and the electronic media. A recent educational survey of nations, belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) showed that school children are more literate with ecological terms (as listed above) than with 'pure' scientific terms, like 'phloem', 'mitosis', 'proton', or 'Jurasic period'. Perhaps the increase in awareness is cyclical, being fed by non-scientific, sociological and economic advances. The late 1960s/early 1970s saw a major increase in environmental consciousness. Anti-pollution groups were founded, healthfood shops and naturopathy became acceptable as did recycling, the use of lead-free gasoline, and the reduced usage of environmental toxins, like DDT and PCB. For example, Monsanto Chemical Company instigated a self-imposed halt to the manufacture of PCB in the mid-seventies. Chemical companies started to look at biodegradable herbicides, slow release fertilizers, and specifically targeted pesticides.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402035705
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment by : Yi-Ping Wang

Download or read book Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment written by Yi-Ping Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-30 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 14th International Nitrogen Fixation Congress was held in Beijing, China from October 27th through November 1st, 2004. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Congress and represents a compilation of the presentations by scientists from more than 30 countries around the World who came to Beijing to discuss the progress made since the last Congress and to exchange ideas and information. This year marked the 30th anniversary of the first Congress held in Pullman, Washington, USA, in 1974. Since then, this series of Congresses has met five times in North America (three in the United States and once each in Canada and Mexico), once in South America (Brazil), four times in Western Europe (once each in Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and France), once in Eastern Europe (Russia), and once in Australia; and now for the first time in Asia. China was a most appropriate choice because China is a big country with the largest population in the World, about 1. 3 billion people, which is about 22% of the World’s population. It is traditionally an agricultural country, even though China has only 7% of the available farming land. This situation explains why agriculture and its productivity are major issues for the Chinese people, its government and the scientists in the field.

The World's Greatest Fix

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0195165829
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The World's Greatest Fix by : G. J. Leigh

Download or read book The World's Greatest Fix written by G. J. Leigh and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2004-08-19 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, the value of industrial nitrate to help feed the current world population and the environmental consequences of nitrate use in terms of pollution in waters and human health implications are discussed."--Jacket.

Enhancing Biological Nitrogen Fixation

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhancing Biological Nitrogen Fixation by :

Download or read book Enhancing Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461327474
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Nitrogen Fixation by : Martin Alexander

Download or read book Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by Martin Alexander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118637097
Total Pages : 2250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Nitrogen Fixation by : Frans J. de Bruijn

Download or read book Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 2250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book. Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation. Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism. Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals. Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.

Report of the Public Meeting on Genetic Engineering for Nitrogen Fixation, Held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., October 5-6, 1977 ; Edited by Alexander Hollaender

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Report of the Public Meeting on Genetic Engineering for Nitrogen Fixation, Held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., October 5-6, 1977 ; Edited by Alexander Hollaender by : Alexander Hollaender

Download or read book Report of the Public Meeting on Genetic Engineering for Nitrogen Fixation, Held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., October 5-6, 1977 ; Edited by Alexander Hollaender written by Alexander Hollaender and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Current Developments in Biological Nitrogen Fixation

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521417532
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Developments in Biological Nitrogen Fixation by : N. S. Subba Rao

Download or read book Current Developments in Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by N. S. Subba Rao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the most recent advances in biological nitrogen fixation, with chapters written by experts on the ecology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics of biological nitrogen fixation.

Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400943784
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes by : P. Uomala

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes written by P. Uomala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological fixation of nitrogen by organisms and associations other than those concerned in the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis has attracted increasing attention since the firstintemationalworkshop on the theme at Piracicaba, Brasil, in 1979. Approximately 150 scientists gathered on September 2-8, 1984, at the Hanasaari Cultural Centre near Helsinki, Finland, for the third international meeting on nitrogen fixation with non-legumes. Forty-two papers and 39 posters were presented; 32 of the papers have been broughttogetherin this publication. The Symposium was generously sponsored by the FinnishNational Fund for Research and Development (SITRA) in connection with a large project on biological nitrogenfixation and utilization ofnitrogen extending from 1980 to 1985. The Symposium was organized jointly by SITRA, which dealt with all practical matters very efficiently and with impressive concern for the welfare of the participants, and Societas Biochemica, Biophysica et Microbiologica Fenniae, the society of Finnish microbiologists, which made valuable contributions on scientific matters. As in the previous symposium at Banff, Canada, in 1982 the programme did not involve parallel sessions~ all participants had the opportunity of listening to all presentations. Consequently, the FIN- NIF Symposium profited from a steady audience and the consistency this gave to the discussions. In view of the growing interest in N-fixation with non-legumes and the continuous broadening of the field, such an arrangement may not be possible in the future. I thank all participants for their contributionsto both oral sessions and poster presentations, and hope that this publication will become a frequently quoted source of knowledge.

Nitrogen Fixation

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401134863
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation by : M Polsinelli

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation written by M Polsinelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-legumes was held in Florence (Italy) on 10-14 September, 1990. Earlier Symposia of this series were held in Piracicaba (Brazil), Banf Alberta (Canada), Helsinki (Finland) and Rio De Janeiro (Brazil). The Symposium's main objectives were to bring together scientists working in many different fields of nitrogen fixation, to stimulate discussion on this important process and to have an appraisal of the most recent studies concerning nitrogen fixation with non-legumes. The Symposium was attended by 230 scientists from 32 different countries. This volume collects the contributions of 65 lectures and 87 posters, which are an up-to-date account of the state of knowledge on biological nitrogen fixation with non-legumes. The book provides a valuable reference source not only for specialists in nitrogen fixation, but also for researchers working on related aspects of agronomy, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology and plant physiology. It is with great pleasure that we aknowledge the contributions of the authors in assuring the prompt pubblication of this volume. We would also like to express our thanks to Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V. for the publication of these Proceedings. M. Polsinelli R. Materassi M. Vincenzini ORGANIZING COMMITTEE President M. Polsinelli M. Vincenzini Secretary F. Favilli Treasurer E. Galli E. Gallori L. Giovannetti R. Materassi M.P. Nuti M.R. Tredici SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE M. Bazzicalupo Florence, Italy H. Bothe Cologne, West Germany R.H. Burris Madison, U.S.A.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics by :

Download or read book Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nitrogen Fixation in Plants

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation in Plants by : R. O. D. Dixon

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Plants written by R. O. D. Dixon and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN FIXATION ON MANAGED AND NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS.