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Nitrates Iii
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Download or read book Nitrates III written by P. Lichtlen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacological and clinical research on nitrates continues to be of growing interest in many centers. This is surprising in view of the fact that their favorable effects in angina pectoris were described by Brunton and by Murrell in the Lancet more than 100 years ago. As expected, a host of new information has been collected since the two previous symposia on nitrates held in Stockholm in 1975 and Berlin in 1978. New insights were gained into the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nitrates, as well as into their clinical effects in acute and chronic ischemic heart diseases and in severe congestive heart failure. Relatively little progress, however, was observed in research into the basic action of nitrates. Although most investigators agree that intracellular sequestration of calcium is probably the main mechanism by which nitrates lead to the reduction of vascular smooth muscle tone, the exact site of their action still remains undefined. In contrast, dose-dependent differences in venous and arteriolar tone have long been clearly established. Treatment was again in the main stream of discussion. The question of tolerance following long-term administration was discussed in depth and the term "pseudotolerance" was introduced to describe the adaptation of the body's circulatory system to chronic vasodilation. This is especially important in long term prophylactic antiischemic treatment in stable, as well as in unstable angina pectoris (i.e. during increased vasomotor tone - spasm).
Download or read book Organic Nitrates written by P. Needleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.
Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences by : Henry Watts
Download or read book A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences written by Henry Watts and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences by : Henry Watts (F.C.S.)
Download or read book A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences written by Henry Watts (F.C.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences v. 4, 1883 by : Henry Watts
Download or read book A Dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences v. 4, 1883 written by Henry Watts and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrates and Nitrate Tolerance in Angina Pectoris by : M. Kaltenbach
Download or read book Nitrates and Nitrate Tolerance in Angina Pectoris written by M. Kaltenbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although nitroglycerin is one of the oldest drugs in cardiology the problem of tolerance is a scientific challenge of today. The proceedings of this symposium highlight the most re cent questions related to this topic. Apparently, partial tolerance, or rather partial decrease in sensitivity, can arise during nitrate therapy. Probably this is the consequence of a partial readjustment of the vascular system. This readjustment refers particularly to the arterial system, i.e., to the hypoten sive effect of nitrates in the standing position. A similar effect on the venous side is not present. On the other hand, the results assembled in this volume confirm the experience of many decades that long-term antianginal therapy with nitrates remains effective even when high doses are applied. Thus partial tolerance which also occurs after other vasodilators such as prazosin, does not imply tolerance against antianginal effectiveness. From the information available to day it is reasonable to treat patients with angina pectoris acutely as well as chronically with nitrates in individually adjusted doses. Frankfurt, November 1982 M. Kaltenbach v Contents Foreword ... V Session 1-Pharmacology Tolerance from the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Viewpoints N. Rietbrock, A. Lassmann, B.G. Woodcock ... 3 Does Tolerance Develop During Long-Acting Nitrate Therapy? A Critical Review J. Abrams ... 13 Pharmacokinetics of Isosorbide Dinitrate During Tolerance Development Ho-Leung Fung ... 25 Discussion ... . 29 ... Session II - Hemodynamics Lack of Tolerance Development to the Hemodynamic Effects of Nitrates in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Joseph A. Franciosa ... 35 Discussion ... 41 ...
Download or read book Nitrates Updated written by Udho Thadani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrates remain among the most commonly used therapeutic agents in cardiology. That they can re lieve pain in angina pectoris has been known at least since 1867, when Lauder Brunton described their clinical use. Now, almost 130 years later, we are constantly learning more about their optimal use in anginal syndromes. For example, there is no doubt that nitrate tolerance occurs, but equally no doubt that certain drug dosages help to attenuate such toler ance. Thus, our understanding of nitrate tolerance has been taken further by the advent of new nitrate preparations and by studies at a basic science level. The current intense interest in nitrates has been rekindled by the growing emphasis on the role of the endothelium in the production of nitric oxide, a basic cardiovascular regulator. If nitric oxide is vasodilator and protects the vascular endothelium, then nitrates should also have similar properties. Hence this book starts off with the role of the endothelium and ni trates in vasodilation. Next, the mechanisms of ac tion of nitrates are considered with emphasis on the role of cyclic GMP. The chief limitation to the use of nitrates lies in nitrate tolerance. After carefully looking at all the evidence, the authors of the third chapter conclude that the mechanism is likely to be multifactorial. The mechanism responsible for the tolerance still remains unknown. In vitro tolerance may be due to enhanced production of vascular superoxide [1].
Book Synopsis The Rate of Production of Nitrite by Alkaline Hydrolysis of Nitric Acid Esters and Its Relation to Their Power to Reduce Arterial Blood Pressure by : Roy Frederick Herrman
Download or read book The Rate of Production of Nitrite by Alkaline Hydrolysis of Nitric Acid Esters and Its Relation to Their Power to Reduce Arterial Blood Pressure written by Roy Frederick Herrman and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Therapeusis of Internal Diseases by : Frederick Forchheimer
Download or read book Therapeusis of Internal Diseases written by Frederick Forchheimer and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrates, agriculture, eau by : R. Calvet
Download or read book Nitrates, agriculture, eau written by R. Calvet and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on 1990 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions of this symposium on the relation agriculture-nitrogen-water deal with the economical aspects (cost evaluation and cost repartition), the quantitative approach of the nitrogen biochemical cycle, farming systems and nitrogen manegement, and land utilization, nitrogen management and water quality
Book Synopsis GCSE Edexcel Additional Science Foundation Success Workbook by :
Download or read book GCSE Edexcel Additional Science Foundation Success Workbook written by and published by Letts and Lonsdale. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This workbook offers accessible practice to help manage GCSE Additional Science revision and prepare for the exam efficiently. The content is broken into manageable sections and advice is given to help build confidence. Tips and techniques provide support throughout the revision process.
Book Synopsis Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Components by : Hanna Staroszczyk
Download or read book Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Components written by Hanna Staroszczyk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-22 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over three editions, this book described the contents of food raw materials and products, the chemistry/biochemistry of food components, as well as the changes occurring during post-harvest storage and processing affecting the quality of foods. The fourth edition of Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Components discusses the role of chemical compounds in the structure of raw materials and the formation of different attributes of food quality, including nutritional value, safety, and sensory properties. This new edition contains four new chapters: “Non-Protein Nitrogenous Compounds”; “Prooxidants and Antioxidants in Food”; “Non-Nutritive Bioactive Compounds in Food of Plant Origin”; and “Analytical Methods Used for Assessing the Quality of Food Products.” These chapters have been included because new research results have brought increasing knowledge on the effect of non-protein nitrogenous compounds, especially bioactive peptides, nucleic acids, and biogenic amines on the biological properties of foods; the role of natural and added prooxidants and antioxidants in the processing and biological impact of foods; numerous beneficial and harmful effects of bioactive components of plant foods; and new systems for control of food composition and the safety of foods. Features: • Stresses the effect of the chemical/biochemical reactions on the selection of optimum parameters of food processing without presenting details of the technological processes • Describes naturally occurring elements and compounds as well as those generated during food handling in view of health hazards they may bring to consumers • Discusses the risks and benefits of reactions occurring during food handling The knowledge of the chemistry and biochemistry of the components and their interactions presented in this book aids food scientists in making the right decisions for controlling the rate of beneficial and undesirable reactions, selecting optimal storage and processing parameters, as well as the best use of food raw materials.
Book Synopsis Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations Vol. 31b by : C. A. Ramsden
Download or read book Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations Vol. 31b written by C. A. Ramsden and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 1985 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations is the entirely new edition of the acclaimed reference series, Houben-Weyl, the standard synthetic chemistry resource since 1909. This new edition is published in English and will comprise 48 volumes published between the years 2000 and 2008. Science of Synthesis is a quality reference work developed by a highly esteemed editorial board to provide a comprehensive and critical selection of reliable organic and organometallic synthetic methods. This unique resource is designed to be the first point of reference when searching for a synthesis strategy. Contains the expertise of presently 400 leading chemists worldwide Critically evaluates the preparative applicability and significance of the synthetic methods Discusses relevant background information and provides detailed experimental procedures For full information on the Science of Synthesis series, visit the Science of Synthesis Homepage.
Book Synopsis Nitrates and Nitrites in Food and Water by : M J Hill
Download or read book Nitrates and Nitrites in Food and Water written by M J Hill and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 1991-01-15 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation CONTENTS Analytical methods; Nitrate occurrence in water; Nitrates and nitrites in foods; Nitrates and nitrites as food additives; Human exposure, pharmacology and metabolism; Nitrates, nitrites and human disease.
Book Synopsis Nitrates and Nitrites in Foodstuffs by : Council of Europe
Download or read book Nitrates and Nitrites in Foodstuffs written by Council of Europe and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: Health protection of consumers
Book Synopsis Journal of the Chemical Society by : Chemical Society (Great Britain)
Download or read book Journal of the Chemical Society written by Chemical Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 1586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Titles of chemical papers in British and foreign journals" included in Quarterly journal, v. 1-12.
Book Synopsis Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London by : Chemical Society (Great Britain)
Download or read book Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London written by Chemical Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1874 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
