Neutron Diffraction

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642812385
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Diffraction by : H. Dachs

Download or read book Neutron Diffraction written by H. Dachs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the great discovery made by Laue, x-ray diffraction has become the most im portant method for the investigation of atomic structure in condensed matter. Cer tain investigations, however, are difficult or totally impossible to conduct using x-rays, for example, the localization of atomic nuclei or atoms having only a few core electrons, and the observation of magnetic moments. The investigation of these important areas is made possible by neutron diffraction. Thus this method has devel oped into an important supplement to x-ray investigations. An ever-increasing de mand is put on the method by research areas, old and new. Neutron diffraction has completely reformed the subject of solid-state magnetism; especially the area of chemical binding has received a new impetus by the union of x-ray and neutron dif fraction. An exchange of different isotopes of the same element gives rise, as a rule, to a change in the strength of the neutron diffraction. Due to this effect itls possible, by means of deuteration, to make visible a single chain in a solid high polymer. Thus neutron small-angle scattering is important in protein research and for the biology of macromolecules. Of equal importance is the application of neu:ron diffraction in metallurgy. There already exist several excellent books which discuss the results obtained by neans of neutron diffraction.

X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642742912
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals by : Mikhail A. Krivoglaz

Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals written by Mikhail A. Krivoglaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mikhail Alexandrovich Krivoglaz died unexpectedly when he was preparing the English edition of his two-volume monograph on diffraction and diffuse scatter ing of X-rays and neutrons in imperfect crystals. His death was a heavy blow to all who knew him, who had worked with him and to the world science community as a whole. The application of the diffraction techniques for the study of imperfections of crystal structures was the major field of Krivoglaz' work throughout his career in science. He started working in the field in the mid-fifties and since then made fundamental contributions to the theory of real crystals. His results have largely determined the current level of knowledge in this field for more than thirty years. Until the very last days of his life, Krivoglaz continued active studies in the physics of diffraction effects in real crystals. His interest in the theory aided in the explanation of the rapidly advancing experimental studies. The milestones marking important stages of his work were the first mono graph on the theory of X-ray and neutron scattering in real crystals which was published in Russian in 1967 (a revised English edition in 1969), and the two volume monograph published in Russian in 1983-84 (this edition is the revised translation of the latter).

Neutron Diffraction of Magnetic Materials

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461536588
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Diffraction of Magnetic Materials by : Izyumov

Download or read book Neutron Diffraction of Magnetic Materials written by Izyumov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detennination of the magnetic structure of magnetic materials is a fundamental problem that can be solved by magnetic neutron diffraction techniques. By magnetic structures we refer to the mutual alignment of the magnetic moments of the atoms in a crystal and their overall alignment relative to the crystallographic axes. Some indirect, tentative data on the magnetic structure of magnetic materials can be obtained from research on their magnetic, mechanical, thermal, and other properties. But only neutron diffraction is a unique direct method of detennining the magnetic structure of a crystal. The magnetic structure of more than one thousand crystals with magnetic order has been studied during 30 years of neutron diffraction research made on reactors in a large number of laboratories in the world. The results of this research work are extensively described in the handbook Magnetic Structures Determined by Neutron Diffraction [176]; in the present book, we will often refer to this handbook. The first extensive theoretical generalization of the principles of magnetic neutron diffraction and the results of research on magnetic structures appeared in the book by Yu. A. Izyumov and R. P. Ozerov Magnetic Neutron Diffraction [24, 134].

Magnetic Neutron Diffraction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468407120
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Neutron Diffraction by : Yurii A. Izyumov

Download or read book Magnetic Neutron Diffraction written by Yurii A. Izyumov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inter action between the magnetic field generated by the neutron and the magnetic moment of atoms containing unpaired electrons was experimentally demonstrated for the first time about twenty years ago. The basic theory describing such an in teraction had already been developed and the first nuclear reactors with large available thermal neutron fluxes had recently been con structed. The power of the magnetic neutron interaction for in vestigating the structure of magnetic materials was immediately recognized and put to use where possible. Neutron diffraction, however, was practicable only in countries with nuclear reactors. The earliest neutron determinations of magnetic ordering were hence primarily carried out at Oak Ridge and Brookhaven in the US, at Chalk River in Canada and at Harwell in England. Diffraction patterns from polycrystalline ferromagnets and antiferromagnets are interpretable if produced by simple spin arrays. More complex magnetic scattering patterns could often be unravelled, in terms of a three-dimensional array of atomic moments, if the specimen studied is a single crystal. The devel opment of sophisticated cryogenic equipment, with independently alignable magnetic fields, opened the way to greater complexity in the magnetic structures that could be successfully determined, as did also the introduction of polarized neutron beams. By the end of the 'sixties, many countries were contributing significantly to neutron diffraction studies of a wide variety of magnetic materials.

Applications of Neutron Powder Diffraction

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199657424
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Neutron Powder Diffraction by : Erich H. Kisi

Download or read book Applications of Neutron Powder Diffraction written by Erich H. Kisi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book covering the theory, practicalities, and the extensive applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, and engineering. The broad coverage should be accessible to graduate students and senior undergraduates in science and engineering, as well as lecturers and researchers.

Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203402812
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction by : M.T. Hutchings

Download or read book Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction written by M.T. Hutchings and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years the field of neutron diffraction for residual stress characterization has grown tremendously, and has matured from the stage of trial demonstrations to provide a practical tool with widespread applications in materials science and engineering. While the literature on the subject has grown commensurately, it has also remained

Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress Using Neutron Diffraction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401127972
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress Using Neutron Diffraction by : M.T. Hutchings

Download or read book Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress Using Neutron Diffraction written by M.T. Hutchings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accurate, absolute, and non-destructive measurement of residual stress fields within metallic, ceramic, and composite engineering components has been one of the major problems facing engineers for many years, and so the extension of X-ray methods to the use of neutrons represents a major advance. The technique utilizes the unique penetrating power of the neutron into most engineering materials, combined with the sensitivity of diffraction, to measure the separation of lattice planes within grains of polycrystalline engineering materials, thus providing an internal strain gauge. The strain is then converted to stress using calibrated elastic constants. It was just over ten years ago that the initial neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress were carried out, and during the ensuing decade measurements have commenced at most steady state reactors and pulsed sources around the world. So swift has been the development of the field that, in addition to fundamental scientific studies, commercial measurements have been made on industrial components for several years now. The use of neutrons is ideally suited to the determination of triaxial macrostress tensors, macrostress gradients, and microstresses in composites and multiphase alloys as well as deformed, plastically anisotropic metals and alloys. To date, it has been used to investigate welded and heat-treated industrial components, to characterize composites, to study the response of material under applied loads, to calibrate more portable methods such as ultrasonics, and to verify computer modelling calculations of residual and applied stress.

X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461558794
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction by : André Authier

Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction written by André Authier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the proceedings of the 23rd International Course of Crystallography, entitled "X-ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications," which took place in the fascinating setting of Erice in Sicily, Italy. It was run as a NATO Advanced Studies Institute with A. Authier (France) and S. Lagomarsino (Italy) as codirectors, and L. Riva di Sanseverino and P. Spadon (Italy) as local organizers, R. Colella (USA) and B. K. Tanner (UK) being the two other members of the organizing committee. It was attended by about one hundred participants from twenty four different countries. Two basic theories may be used to describe the diffraction of radiation by crystalline matter. The first one, the so-called geometrical, or kinematical theory, is approximate and is applicable to small, highly imperfect crystals. It is used for the determination of crystal structures and describes the diffraction of powders and polycrystalline materials. The other one, the so-called dynamical theory, is applicable to perfect or nearly perfect crystals. For that reason, dynamical diffraction of X-rays and neutrons constitutes the theoretical basis of a great variety of applications such as: • the techniques used for the characterization of nearly perfect high technology materials, semiconductors, piezoelectric, electrooptic, ferroelectric, magnetic crystals, • the X-ray optical devices used in all modem applications of Synchrotron Radiation (EXAFS, High Resolution X-ray Diffractometry, magnetic and nuclear resonant scattering, topography, etc. ), and • X-ray and neutron interferometry.

Neutron Scattering in Biology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540291113
Total Pages : 571 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Scattering in Biology by : Jörg Fitter

Download or read book Neutron Scattering in Biology written by Jörg Fitter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of new neutron facilities and the improvement of existing sources and instruments world wide supply the biological community with many new opportunities in the areas of structural biology and biological physics. The present volume offers a clear description of the various neutron-scattering techniques currently being used to answer biologically relevant questions. Their utility is illustrated through examples by some of the leading researchers in the field of neutron scattering. This volume will be a reference for researchers and a step-by-step guide for young scientists entering the field and the advanced graduate student.

Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction From Molecular Materials

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Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9813105402
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction From Molecular Materials by : Chick C Wilson

Download or read book Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction From Molecular Materials written by Chick C Wilson and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2000-02-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book presents a comprehensive account of the techniques and applications of single crystal neutron diffraction in the area of chemical crystallography and molecular structure. Beginning with a brief description of the general principles and the reasons for choosing the technique — the “why” — the book covers the methods for both the production of neutrons and the measurement of their scattering by molecular crystals — the “how” — followed by a detailed survey of past, present and future applications — the “what”. The coverage of both steady state and pulsed neutron sources and instrumentation is extensive, while the survey of applications is the most comprehensive yet undertaken. The book endeavours to show why the technique is an essential method for studying areas as diverse as hydrogen bonding and weak interactions, organometallics, supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, metal hydrides, charge density and pharmaceuticals. It is an ideal reference source for the research worker interested in using neutron diffraction to study the structure of molecules.

Structure Analysis by Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475766246
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Structure Analysis by Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering by : L.A. Feigin

Download or read book Structure Analysis by Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering written by L.A. Feigin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-angle scattering of X rays and neutrons is a widely used diffraction method for studying the structure of matter. This method of elastic scattering is used in various branches of science and technology, includ ing condensed matter physics, molecular biology and biophysics, polymer science, and metallurgy. Many small-angle scattering studies are of value for pure science and practical applications. It is well known that the most general and informative method for investigating the spatial structure of matter is based on wave-diffraction phenomena. In diffraction experiments a primary beam of radiation influences a studied object, and the scattering pattern is analyzed. In principle, this analysis allows one to obtain information on the structure of a substance with a spatial resolution determined by the wavelength of the radiation. Diffraction methods are used for studying matter on all scales, from elementary particles to macro-objects. The use of X rays, neutrons, and electron beams, with wavelengths of about 1 A, permits the study of the condensed state of matter, solids and liquids, down to atomic resolution. Determination of the atomic structure of crystals, i.e., the arrangement of atoms in a unit cell, is an important example of this line of investigation.

Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198862318
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter by :

Download or read book Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter written by and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron scattering is arguably the most powerful technique available for looking inside materials and seeing what the atoms are doing. This textbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the many different ways neutrons are being used to investigate the behaviour of atoms and molecules in bulk matter. It is written in a pedagogical style, and includes many examples and exercises. Every year, thousands of experiments are performed at neutron scattering facilities around the world, exploring phenomena in physics, chemistry, materials science, as well as in interdisciplinary areas such as biology, materials engineering, and cultural heritage. This book fulfils a need for a modern and pedagogical treatment of the principles behind the various different neutron techniques, in order to provide scientists with the essential formal tools to design their experiments and interpret the results. The book will be of particular interest to researchers using neutrons to study the atomic-scale structure and dynamics in crystalline solids, simple liquids and molecular fluids by diffraction techniques, including small-angle scattering and reflectometry, and by spectroscopic methods, ranging from conventional techniques for inelastic and quasielastic scattering to neutron spin-echo and Compton scattering. A comprehensive treatment of magnetic neutron scattering is given, including the many and diverse applications of polarized neutrons.

X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483158292
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction by : G. E. Bacon

Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction written by G. E. Bacon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction describes the developments of the X-ray and the various research done in neutron diffraction. Part I of the book concerns the principles and applications of the X-ray and neutrons through their origins from classical crystallography. The book explains the use of diffraction methods to show the highly regular arrangement of atoms that forms a continuous pattern in three-dimensional space. The text evaluates the limitations and benefits of using the different types of radiation sources, whether these are X-rays, neutrons, or electrons. Part II is a collection of reprints discussing the development of techniques that includes a modification of the Bragg method, which is a method of X-ray crystal analysis. One paper presents an improved numerical method of two-dimensional Fourier synthesis for crystals. This method uses a greatly reduced process of arrangement of sets of figures found in the two-dimensional Fourier series. The book also notes the theoretical considerations and the practical details, and then addresses precautions against possible inclusions of errors in this method. The text deals as well with the magnetic scattering of neutrons, and one paper presents a simple method of gathering information about the magnetic moment of the neutron besides the traditional Stern-Gerlach method. Nuclear scientists and physicists, atomic researchers, and nuclear engineers will greatly appreciate the book.

Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction from Molecular Materials

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810237769
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction from Molecular Materials by : Chick C. Wilson

Download or read book Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction from Molecular Materials written by Chick C. Wilson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book presents a comprehensive account of the techniques & applications of single crystal neutron diffraction in the area of chemical crystallography & molecular structure. Beginning with a brief description of the general principles & the reasons for choosing the technique - the "why" - the book covers the methods for both the production of neutrons & the measurement of their scattering by molecular crystals - the "how" - followed by a detailed survey of past, present & future applications - the "what". The coverage of both steady state & pulsed neutron sources & instrumentation is extensive, while the survey of applications is the most comprehensive yet undertaken. The book endeavours to show why the technique is an essential method for studying areas as diverse as hydrogen bonding & weak interactions, organometallics, supramolecular chemistry & crystal engineering, metal hydrides, charge density & pharmaceuticals. It is an ideal reference source for the research worker interested in using neutron diffraction to study the structure of molecules. Contents: Crystallography & the Importance of Structural Information; Neutron Scattering; Neutron Diffractometers; Review of Applications I: The Accurate Location of Atoms; Review of Applications II: Hydrogen Bonding & Other Intermolecular Interactions; Review of Applications III: Probing Vibrations & Disorder; Impact on Material Properties & Design; The Future: New Instruments, New Sources, New Techniques. Readership: Students & researchers involved in structural science, especially chemical crystallography.

Neutron Diffraction

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535103075
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Diffraction by : Irisali Khidirov

Download or read book Neutron Diffraction written by Irisali Khidirov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now neutron diffraction is widely applied for the research of crystal, magnetic structure and internal stress of crystalline materials of various classes, including nanocrystalls. In the present book, we make practically short excursion to modern state of neutron diffraction researches of crystal materials of various classes. The book contains a helpful information on a modern state of neutron diffraction researches of crystals for the broad specialists interested in studying crystals and purposeful regulation of their service characteristics, since the crystal structure, basically, defines their physical and mechanical properties. Some chapters of the book have methodical character that can be useful to scientists, interested in possibilities of neutron diffraction. We hope, that results of last years presented in the book, can be a push to new ideas in studying of crystalline, magnetic structure and a macrostructure of usual crystal materials and nanocrystals. In turn, it can promote working out of new materials with new improved service characteristics and to origin of innovative ideas.

Neutron Diffraction Study of Glass

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Diffraction Study of Glass by : A. H. Weber

Download or read book Neutron Diffraction Study of Glass written by A. H. Weber and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neutron Scattering from Magnetic Materials

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080457053
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Scattering from Magnetic Materials by : Tapan Chatterji

Download or read book Neutron Scattering from Magnetic Materials written by Tapan Chatterji and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron Scattering from Magnetic Materials is a comprehensive account of the present state of the art in the use of the neutron scattering for the study of magnetic materials. The chapters have been written by well-known researchers who are at the forefront of this field and have contributed directly to the development of the techniques described. Neutron scattering probes magnetic phenomena directly. The generalized magnetic susceptibility, which can be expressed as a function of wave vector and energy, contains all the information there is to know about the statics and dynamics of a magnetic system and this quantity is directly related to the neutron scattering cross section. Polarized neutron scattering techniques raise the sophistication of measurements to even greater levels and gives additional information in many cases. The present book is largely devoted to the application of polarized neutron scattering to the study of magnetic materials. It will be of particular interest to graduate students and researchers who plan to investigate magnetic materials using neutron scattering. · Written by a group of scientist who have contributed directly in developing the techniques described. · A complete treatment of the polarized neutron scattering not available in literature. · Gives practical hits to solve magnetic structure and determine exchange interactions in magnetic solids. · Application of neutron scattering to the study of the novel electronic materials.