Neuroexistentialism

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Neuroexistentialism

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190460725
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroexistentialism by : Gregg D. Caruso

Download or read book Neuroexistentialism written by Gregg D. Caruso and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existentialisms arise when the foundations of being, such as meaning, morals, and purpose come under assault. In the first-wave of existentialism, writings typified by Kierkegaard, Dostoevsky, and Nietzsche concerned the increasingly apparent inability of religion, and religious tradition, to support a foundation of being. Second-wave existentialism, personified philosophically by Sartre, Camus, and de Beauvoir, developed in response to similar realizations about the overly optimistic Enlightenment vision of reason and the common good. The third-wave of existentialism, a new existentialism, developed in response to advances in the neurosciences that threaten the last vestiges of an immaterial soul or self. Given the increasing explanatory and therapeutic power of neuroscience, the mind no longer stands apart from the world to serve as a foundation of meaning. This produces foundational anxiety. In Neuroexistentialism, a group of contributors that includes some of the world's leading philosophers, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, and legal scholars, explores the anxiety caused by third-wave existentialism and possible responses to it. Together, these essays tackle our neuroexistentialist predicament, and explore what the mind sciences can tell us about morality, love, emotion, autonomy, consciousness, selfhood, free will, moral responsibility, law, the nature of criminal punishment, meaning in life, and purpose.

Neo-Existentialism

Author : Markus Gabriel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509532501
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Neo-Existentialism by : Markus Gabriel

Download or read book Neo-Existentialism written by Markus Gabriel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this highly original book, Markus Gabriel offers an account of the human self that overcomes the deadlocks inherent in the standard positions of contemporary philosophy of mind. His view, Neo-Existentialism, is thoroughly anti-naturalist in that it repudiates any theory according to which the ensemble of our best natural-scientific knowledge is able to account fully for human mindedness. Instead, he shows that human mindedness consists in an open-ended proliferation of mentalistic vocabularies. Their role in the human life form consists in making sense of the fact that the human being does not merely blend in with inanimate nature and the rest of the animal kingdom. Humans rely on a self-portrait that locates them in the broadest conceivable context of the universe. What distinguishes this self-portrait from our knowledge of natural reality is that we change in light of our true and false beliefs about the human being. Gabriel’s argument is challenged in this volume by Charles Taylor, Andrea Kern and Jocelyn Benoist. In defending his argument against these and other objections and in spelling out his theory of self-constitution, Gabriel refutes naturalism’s metaphysical claim to epistemic exclusiveness and opens up new paths for future self-knowledge beyond the contemporary ideology of the scientific worldview.

Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 073917732X
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility by : Gregg D. Caruso

Download or read book Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility written by Gregg D. Caruso and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2013-07-05 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility investigates the philosophical and scientific arguments for free will skepticism and their implications. Skepticism about free will and moral responsibility has been on the rise in recent years. In fact, a significant number of philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists now either doubt or outright deny the existence of free will and/or moral responsibility—and the list of prominent skeptics appears to grow by the day. Given the profound importance that the concepts of free will and moral responsibility hold in our lives—in understanding ourselves, society, and the law—it is important that we explore what is behind this new wave of skepticism. It is also important that we explore the potential consequences of skepticism for ourselves and society. Edited by Gregg D. Caruso, this collection of new essays brings together an internationally recognized line-up of contributors, most of whom hold skeptical positions of some sort, to display and explore the leading arguments for free will skepticism and to debate their implications.

Free Will and Consciousness

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739171364
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Will and Consciousness by : Gregg D. Caruso

Download or read book Free Will and Consciousness written by Gregg D. Caruso and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, with advances in the behavioral, cognitive, and neurosciences, the idea that patterns of human behavior may ultimately be due to factors beyond our conscious control has increasingly gained traction and renewed interest in the age-old problem of free will. In this book, Gregg D. Caruso examines both the traditional philosophical problems long associated with the question of free will, such as the relationship between determinism and free will, as well as recent experimental and theoretical work directly related to consciousness and human agency. He argues that our best scientific theories indeed have the consequence that factors beyond our control produce all of the actions we perform and that because of this we do not possess the kind of free will required for genuine or ultimate responsibility. It is further argued that the strong and pervasive belief in free will, which the author considers an illusion, can be accounted for through a careful analysis of our phenomenology and a proper theoretical understanding of consciousness. Indeed, the primary goal of this book is to argue that our subjective feeling of freedom, as reflected in the first-person phenomenology of agentive experience, is an illusion created by certain aspects of our consciousness.

Rejecting Retributivism

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108484700
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Rejecting Retributivism by : Gregg D. Caruso

Download or read book Rejecting Retributivism written by Gregg D. Caruso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caruso argues against retributivism and develops an alternative for addressing criminal behavior that is ethically defensible and practical.

Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice

Author : Georg Northoff
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199599696
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice by : Georg Northoff

Download or read book Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice written by Georg Northoff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-23 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice links the psyche's different psychodynamic processes to specific neuronal mechanisms in the brain. The book focuses specifically on how the brain is organized and how this organization enables the brain to differentiate between neuronal and psychodynamic states, that is, the brain and the psyche.

The Reality of the Mind

Author : Ludger Hölscher
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134049072
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reality of the Mind by : Ludger Hölscher

Download or read book The Reality of the Mind written by Ludger Hölscher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various approaches to the question of the nature of the mind (or soul), Augustine’s philosophical arguments for the existence of an incorporeal and spiritual substance in man and against materialism are here thoroughly examined on their merits as a source of insight for contemporary discussion. This book, originally published in 1986, employs Augustine’s method of introspection, and argues that, as a philosopher, Augustine can teach the modern mind how to detect the reality of such a spiritual subject in and through basic human acts and faculties, such as imagination, memory, knowledge, free-will and self-knowledge. It presents a critical dialogue with various materialistic anthropologies directly addressed by Augustine himself, or those which have arisen at later periods, including epiphenomenalism, mind-brain identity theory, Marxism and others.

The Really Hard Problem

Author : Owen Flanagan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262262754
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis The Really Hard Problem by : Owen Flanagan

Download or read book The Really Hard Problem written by Owen Flanagan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-02-13 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A noted philosopher proposes a naturalistic (rather than supernaturalistic) way to solve the "really hard problem": how to live in a meaningful way—how to live a life that really matters—even as a finite material being living in a material world. If consciousness is "the hard problem" in mind science—explaining how the amazing private world of consciousness emerges from neuronal activity—then "the really hard problem," writes Owen Flanagan in this provocative book, is explaining how meaning is possible in the material world. How can we make sense of the magic and mystery of life naturalistically, without an appeal to the supernatural? How do we say truthful and enchanting things about being human if we accept the fact that we are finite material beings living in a material world, or, in Flanagan's description, short-lived pieces of organized cells and tissue? Flanagan's answer is both naturalistic and enchanting. We all wish to live in a meaningful way, to live a life that really matters, to flourish, to achieve eudaimonia—to be a "happy spirit." Flanagan calls his "empirical-normative" inquiry into the nature, causes, and conditions of human flourishing eudaimonics. Eudaimonics, systematic philosophical investigation that is continuous with science, is the naturalist's response to those who say that science has robbed the world of the meaning that fantastical, wishful stories once provided. Flanagan draws on philosophy, neuroscience, evolutionary biology, and psychology, as well as on transformative mindfulness and self-cultivation practices that come from such nontheistic spiritual traditions as Buddhism, Confucianism, Aristotelianism, and Stoicism, in his quest. He gathers from these disciplines knowledge that will help us understand the nature, causes, and constituents of well-being and advance human flourishing. Eudaimonics can help us find out how to make a difference, how to contribute to the accumulation of good effects—how to live a meaningful life.

Free Will Skepticism in Law and Society

Author : Elizabeth Shaw
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108661262
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Will Skepticism in Law and Society by : Elizabeth Shaw

Download or read book Free Will Skepticism in Law and Society written by Elizabeth Shaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Free will skepticism' refers to a family of views that all take seriously the possibility that human beings lack the control in action - i.e. the free will - required for an agent to be truly deserving of blame and praise, punishment and reward. Critics fear that adopting this view would have harmful consequences for our interpersonal relationships, society, morality, meaning, and laws. Optimistic free will skeptics, on the other hand, respond by arguing that life without free will and so-called basic desert moral responsibility would not be harmful in these ways, and might even be beneficial. This collection addresses the practical implications of free will skepticism for law and society. It contains eleven original essays that provide alternatives to retributive punishment, explore what (if any) changes are needed for the criminal justice system, and ask whether we should be optimistic or pessimistic about the real-world implications of free will skepticism.

Just Deserts

Author : Daniel C. Dennett
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509545778
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Just Deserts by : Daniel C. Dennett

Download or read book Just Deserts written by Daniel C. Dennett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of free will is profoundly important to our self-understanding, our interpersonal relationships, and our moral and legal practices. If it turns out that no one is ever free and morally responsible, what would that mean for society, morality, meaning, and the law? Just Deserts brings together two philosophers – Daniel C. Dennett and Gregg D. Caruso – to debate their respective views on free will, moral responsibility, and legal punishment. In three extended conversations, Dennett and Caruso present their arguments for and against the existence of free will and debate their implications. Dennett argues that the kind of free will required for moral responsibility is compatible with determinism – for him, self-control is key; we are not responsible for becoming responsible, but are responsible for staying responsible, for keeping would-be puppeteers at bay. Caruso takes the opposite view, arguing that who we are and what we do is ultimately the result of factors beyond our control, and because of this we are never morally responsible for our actions in the sense that would make us truly deserving of blame and praise, punishment and reward. Just Deserts introduces the concepts central to the debate about free will and moral responsibility by way of an entertaining, rigorous, and sometimes heated philosophical dialogue between two leading thinkers.

A Theory of Determinism

Author : Ted Honderich
Publisher : Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198242833
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of Determinism by : Ted Honderich

Download or read book A Theory of Determinism written by Ted Honderich and published by Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honderich poses the following question: if determinism is true, and free will an illusion, what are the consequences? Honderich maintains that both of the entrenched and traditional doctrines about the consequences of determinism, Compatibilism and Incompatibilism, are provably false, and formulates a new answer to the question.

Is Nature Enough?

Author : John F. Haught
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139454919
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Nature Enough? by : John F. Haught

Download or read book Is Nature Enough? written by John F. Haught and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is nature all there is? John Haught examines this question and in doing so addresses a fundamental issue in the dialogue of science with religion. The belief that nature is all there is and that no overall purpose exists in the universe is known broadly as 'naturalism'. Naturalism, in this context, denies the existence of any realities distinct from the natural world and human culture. Since the rise of science in the modern world has had so much influence on naturalism's intellectual acceptance, the author focuses on 'scientific' naturalism and the way in which its defenders are now attempting to put a distance between contemporary thought and humanity's religious traditions. Haught seeks to provide a reasonable, scientifically informed alternative to naturalism. His approach will provide the basis for lively discussion among students, scholars, scientists, theologians and intellectually curious people in general.

Philosophy of Psychedelics

Author : Chris Letheby
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192581090
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Psychedelics by : Chris Letheby

Download or read book Philosophy of Psychedelics written by Chris Letheby and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent clinical trials show that psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin can be given safely in controlled conditions, and can cause lasting psychological benefits with one or two administrations. Supervised psychedelic sessions can reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and addiction, and improve well-being in healthy volunteers, for months or even years. But these benefits seem to be mediated by "mystical" experiences of cosmic consciousness, which prompts a philosophical concern: do psychedelics cause psychological benefits by inducing false or implausible beliefs about the metaphysical nature of reality? This book is the first scholarly monograph in English devoted to the philosophical analysis of psychedelic drugs. Its central focus is the apparent conflict between the growing use of psychedelics in psychiatry and the philosophical worldview of naturalism. Within the book, Letheby integrates empirical evidence and philosophical considerations in the service of a simple conclusion: this "Comforting Delusion Objection" to psychedelic therapy fails. While exotic metaphysical ideas do sometimes come up, they are not, on closer inspection, the central driver of change in psychedelic therapy. Psychedelics lead to lasting benefits by altering the sense of self, and changing how people relate to their own minds and lives-not by changing their beliefs about the ultimate nature of reality. The upshot is that a traditional conception of psychedelics as agents of insight and spirituality can be reconciled with naturalism (the philosophical position that the natural world is all there is). Controlled psychedelic use can lead to genuine forms of knowledge gain and spiritual growth-even if no Cosmic Consciousness or transcendent divine Reality exists. Philosophy of Psychedelics is an indispensable guide to the literature for researchers already engaged in the field of psychedelic psychiatry, and for researchers-especially philosophers-who want to become acquainted with this increasingly topical field.

Biomedicine as Culture

Author : Regula Valérie Burri
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135905746
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedicine as Culture by : Regula Valérie Burri

Download or read book Biomedicine as Culture written by Regula Valérie Burri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-11-21 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers interdisciplinary perspectives on contemporary biomedicine as a cultural practice. It brings together leading scholars from cultural anthropology, sociology, history, and science studies to conduct a critical dialogue on the culture(s) of biomedical practice, discussing its epistemic, material, and social implications. The essays look at the ways new biomedical knowledge is constructed within hospitals and academic settings and at how this knowledge changes perceptions, material arrangements, and social relations, not only within clinics and scientific communities, but especially once it is diffused into a broader cultural context.

Consciousness and Moral Responsibility

Author : Neil Levy
Publisher : Oxford University Press (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0198704631
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Consciousness and Moral Responsibility by : Neil Levy

Download or read book Consciousness and Moral Responsibility written by Neil Levy and published by Oxford University Press (UK). This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neil Levy presents a new theory of freedom and responsibility. He defends a particular account of consciousness—the global workspace view—and argues that consciousness plays an especially important role in action. There are good reasons to think that the naïve assumption, that consciousness is needed for moral responsibility, is in fact true.

Knowing Nothing

Author : Jordan Cardinal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (865 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowing Nothing by : Jordan Cardinal

Download or read book Knowing Nothing written by Jordan Cardinal and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all read so that we can know something. But not just to know something slightly or partially, but to know something entirely. A noble reason to read that is. Yet, despite such noble aims, no human mind can know anything. Not entirely nor partially, and that includes the very proposition of this book.By using argumentation theory, academic skepticism, and an old thought experiment know as the Münchhausen trilemma, I will demonstrate to my readers the arbitrariness rooted in all beliefs; that all our worldviews in both philosophy and science alike rely on unjustified presuppositions. A PhD cannot know something with anymore certainty than a toddler can know something. And I think that is a wonderful thing.

Science and Religion

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Automatic Press Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9788792130518
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Religion by : Gregg D. Caruso

Download or read book Science and Religion written by Gregg D. Caruso and published by Automatic Press Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are science and religion compatible when it comes to understanding cosmology (the origin of the universe), biology (the origin of life and of the human species), ethics, and the human mind (minds, brains, souls, and free will)? Do science and religion occupy non-overlapping magisteria? Is Intelligent Design a scientific theory? How do the various faith traditions view the relationship between science and religion? What, if any, are the limits of scientific explanation? What are the most important open questions, problems, or challenges confronting the relationship between science and religion, and what are the prospects for progress? These and other questions are explored in Science and Religion: 5 Questions-a collection of thirty-three interviews based on 5 questions presented to some of the world's most influential and prominent philosophers, scientists, theologians, apologists, and atheists. Contributions by Simon Blackburn, Susan Blackmore, Sean Carroll, William Lane Craig, William Dembski, Daniel C. Dennett, George F.R. Ellis, Owen Flanagan, Owen Gingerich, Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, John F. Haught, Muzaffar Iqbal, Lawrence Krauss, Colin McGinn, Alister McGrath, Mary Midgley, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Timothy O'Connor, Massimo Pigliucci, John Polkinghorne, James Randi, Alex Rosenberg, Michael Ruse, Robert John Russell 25. John Searle, Michael Shermer, Victor J. Stenger, Robert Thurman, Michael Tooley, Charles Townes, Peter van Inwagen, Keith Ward, Rabbi David Wolpe