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Neural Network Modeling And Empirical Studies Of Suprathreshold Spatiotemporal Dynamics In The Human Visual System
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Book Synopsis Neural Network Modeling and Empirical Studies of Suprathreshold Spatiotemporal Dynamics in the Human Visual System by : Gopathy Purushothaman
Download or read book Neural Network Modeling and Empirical Studies of Suprathreshold Spatiotemporal Dynamics in the Human Visual System written by Gopathy Purushothaman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recurrent Network Dynamics in Visual Cortex by : Jeroen Joukes
Download or read book Recurrent Network Dynamics in Visual Cortex written by Jeroen Joukes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a data-driven computational approach for studying neural systems. In this approach one starts with experimental stimuli (inputs) and measured neuronal responses (outputs). The relationship between the inputs and outputs is modeled with an artificial recurrent neural network (ARNN). A detailed investigation of the network weights and response properties of the connected elements, together with simulated experiments performed on the ARNN leads to significant new insights and new hypotheses about the underlying neural mechanisms. We first applied this approach to motion responses of neurons in the macaque middle temporal area (MT). This provided the novel insight that recurrent networks dynamics can explain complex motion tuned response dynamics found in MT neurons, without the need for feedforward temporal delay lines. In our second study we used this approach to model the early visual form processing pathway of the macaque brain. Neurons in the secondary visual cortex (V2) were stimulated with textured stimuli designed to probe the visual systems for complex visual shapes. The approach led to the novel hypothesis that selectivity for complex form depends on selectivity for motion. For the third study we extended the approach by taking advantage of chronically implanted microelectrode arrays (FMA) in primary visual cortex (V1) of the awake behaving macaque. With the FMA we collected V1 responses on day one, fitted an ARNN, explored the detailed properties of the ARNN the following days, and tested model predictions with a V1 validation experiment within the same week. We found that V1 selectivity for form is much more complex than commonly thought and includes spatiotemporal interactions between multiple hotspots in the receptive field. With this approach we found complex V1 tuning properties that are currently thought to primarily arise higher up in the visual processing stream. We conclude that ARNNs can offer a useful tool set for systems neuroscience; the powerful computational approach, together with carefully designed experiments, provides novel hypotheses and insights into the complexity of neural function.
Book Synopsis A Population Gain Control Model of Spatiotemporal Responses in the Visual Cortex by : Yiu Fai Sit
Download or read book A Population Gain Control Model of Spatiotemporal Responses in the Visual Cortex written by Yiu Fai Sit and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian brain is a complex computing system that contains billions of neurons and trillions of connections. Is there a general principle that governs the processing in such large neural populations? This dissertation attempts to address this question using computational modeling and quantitative analysis of direct physiological measurements of large neural populations in the monkey primary visual cortex (V1). First, the complete spatiotemporal dynamics of V1 responses over the entire region that is activated by small stationary stimuli are characterized quantitatively. The dynamics of the responses are found to be systematic but complex. Importantly, they are inconsistent with many popular computational models of neural processing. Second, a simple population gain control (PGC) model that can account for these complex response properties is proposed for the small stationary stimuli. The PGC model is then used to predict the responses to stimuli composed of two elements and stimuli that move at a constant speed. The predictions of the model are consistent with the measured responses in V1 for both stimuli. PGC is the first model that can account for the complete spatiotemporal dynamics of V1 population responses for different types of stimuli, suggesting that gain control is a general mechanism of neural processing.
Book Synopsis A Neural Network Model of the Primary Visual Cortex by : Alan Spara
Download or read book A Neural Network Model of the Primary Visual Cortex written by Alan Spara and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many problems in modern computing require a visual component. That is to say, it is fairly common for applications to have a need to see their environments. These applications will typically employ techniques designed specifically to solve the particular task needed for the application, and have little or no relation to the human visual system. Humans generally do not have difficulty interpreting the world around us. When traveling through known environments, we can easily recognize particular walls, doors and other objects in our view. We are not confused by the huge number factors that can complicate an image. The generalization and robustness of the human system would provide a huge benefit to any system that requires more advanced vision than is capable with the ad-hoc methods developed previously. If the underlying principles that make the human visual system so powerful can be identified and implemented programmatically, then a machine could reap the benefits obtained by humans. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that a visual system modeled after the human visual system will be robust and accurate enough to solve real world problems - and to be useful in a non-trivial application. By developing neural networks that directly model the most primitive image processing cells of the human visual system, a platform can be built on which advanced vision systems can be developed.
Download or read book Neural Fields written by Stephen Coombes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural field theory has a long-standing tradition in the mathematical and computational neurosciences. Beginning almost 50 years ago with seminal work by Griffiths and culminating in the 1970ties with the models of Wilson and Cowan, Nunez and Amari, this important research area experienced a renaissance during the 1990ties by the groups of Ermentrout, Robinson, Bressloff, Wright and Haken. Since then, much progress has been made in both, the development of mathematical and numerical techniques and in physiological refinement und understanding. In contrast to large-scale neural network models described by huge connectivity matrices that are computationally expensive in numerical simulations, neural field models described by connectivity kernels allow for analytical treatment by means of methods from functional analysis. Thus, a number of rigorous results on the existence of bump and wave solutions or on inverse kernel construction problems are nowadays available. Moreover, neural fields provide an important interface for the coupling of neural activity to experimentally observable data, such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). And finally, neural fields over rather abstract feature spaces, also called dynamic fields, found successful applications in the cognitive sciences and in robotics. Up to now, research results in neural field theory have been disseminated across a number of distinct journals from mathematics, computational neuroscience, biophysics, cognitive science and others. There is no comprehensive collection of results or reviews available yet. With our proposed book Neural Field Theory, we aim at filling this gap in the market. We received consent from some of the leading scientists in the field, who are willing to write contributions for the book, among them are two of the founding-fathers of neural field theory: Shun-ichi Amari and Jack Cowan.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, second edition by : Steven J. Luck
Download or read book An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, second edition written by Steven J. Luck and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP) experiments, completely updated for this edition. The event-related potential (ERP) technique, in which neural responses to specific events are extracted from the EEG, provides a powerful noninvasive tool for exploring the human brain. This volume describes practical methods for ERP research along with the underlying theoretical rationale. It offers researchers and students an essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing ERP experiments. This second edition has been completely updated, with additional material, new chapters, and more accessible explanations. Freely available supplementary material, including several online-only chapters, offer expanded or advanced treatment of selected topics. The first half of the book presents essential background information, describing the origins of ERPs, the nature of ERP components, and the design of ERP experiments. The second half of the book offers a detailed treatment of the main steps involved in conducting ERP experiments, covering such topics as recording the EEG, filtering the EEG and ERP waveforms, and quantifying amplitudes and latencies. Throughout, the emphasis is on rigorous experimental design and relatively simple analyses. New material in the second edition includes entire chapters devoted to components, artifacts, measuring amplitudes and latencies, and statistical analysis; updated coverage of recording technologies; concrete examples of experimental design; and many more figures. Online chapters cover such topics as overlap, localization, writing and reviewing ERP papers, and setting up and running an ERP lab.
Book Synopsis Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images by : William D. Penny
Download or read book Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images written by William D. Penny and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an age where the amount of data collected from brain imaging is increasing constantly, it is of critical importance to analyse those data within an accepted framework to ensure proper integration and comparison of the information collected. This book describes the ideas and procedures that underlie the analysis of signals produced by the brain. The aim is to understand how the brain works, in terms of its functional architecture and dynamics. This book provides the background and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance imaging to magnetoencephalography. Critically, Statistical Parametric Mapping provides a widely accepted conceptual framework which allows treatment of all these different modalities. This rests on an understanding of the brain's functional anatomy and the way that measured signals are caused experimentally. The book takes the reader from the basic concepts underlying the analysis of neuroimaging data to cutting edge approaches that would be difficult to find in any other source. Critically, the material is presented in an incremental way so that the reader can understand the precedents for each new development. This book will be particularly useful to neuroscientists engaged in any form of brain mapping; who have to contend with the real-world problems of data analysis and understanding the techniques they are using. It is primarily a scientific treatment and a didactic introduction to the analysis of brain imaging data. It can be used as both a textbook for students and scientists starting to use the techniques, as well as a reference for practicing neuroscientists. The book also serves as a companion to the software packages that have been developed for brain imaging data analysis. An essential reference and companion for users of the SPM software Provides a complete description of the concepts and procedures entailed by the analysis of brain images Offers full didactic treatment of the basic mathematics behind the analysis of brain imaging data Stands as a compendium of all the advances in neuroimaging data analysis over the past decade Adopts an easy to understand and incremental approach that takes the reader from basic statistics to state of the art approaches such as Variational Bayes Structured treatment of data analysis issues that links different modalities and models Includes a series of appendices and tutorial-style chapters that makes even the most sophisticated approaches accessible
Book Synopsis Rhythms of the Brain by : G. Buzsáki
Download or read book Rhythms of the Brain written by G. Buzsáki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of mechanisms in the brain that allow complicated things to happen in a coordinated fashion have produced some of the most spectacular discoveries in neuroscience. This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. It takes a fresh look at the coevolution of structure and function in the mammalian brain, illustrating how self-emerged oscillatory timing is the brain's fundamental organizer of neuronal information. The small-world-like connectivity of the cerebral cortex allows for global computation on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The perpetual interactions among the multiple network oscillators keep cortical systems in a highly sensitive "metastable" state and provide energy-efficient synchronizing mechanisms via weak links. In a sequence of "cycles," György Buzsáki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing-accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge-is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Neural Engineering written by Bin He and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Engineering, 2nd Edition, contains reviews and discussions of contemporary and relevant topics by leading investigators in the field. It is intended to serve as a textbook at the graduate and advanced undergraduate level in a bioengineering curriculum. This principles and applications approach to neural engineering is essential reading for all academics, biomedical engineers, neuroscientists, neurophysiologists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in this emerging field.
Book Synopsis The NEURON Book by : Nicholas T. Carnevale
Download or read book The NEURON Book written by Nicholas T. Carnevale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative reference on NEURON, the simulation environment for modeling biological neurons and neural networks that enjoys wide use in the experimental and computational neuroscience communities. This book shows how to use NEURON to construct and apply empirically based models. Written primarily for neuroscience investigators, teachers, and students, it assumes no previous knowledge of computer programming or numerical methods. Readers with a background in the physical sciences or mathematics, who have some knowledge about brain cells and circuits and are interested in computational modeling, will also find it helpful. The NEURON Book covers material that ranges from the inner workings of this program, to practical considerations involved in specifying the anatomical and biophysical properties that are to be represented in models. It uses a problem-solving approach, with many working examples that readers can try for themselves.
Book Synopsis Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings by : Miguel A. L. Nicolelis
Download or read book Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings written by Miguel A. L. Nicolelis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively updated and expanded, this second edition of a bestseller distills the current state-of-the-science and provides the nuts and bolts foundation of the methods involved in this rapidly growing science. With contributions from pioneering researchers, it includes microwire array design for chronic neural recordings, new surgical techniques for chronic implantation, microelectrode microstimulation of brain tissue, multielectrode recordings in the somatosensory system and during learning, as well as recordings from the central gustatory-reward pathways. It explores the use of Brain-Machine Interface to restore neurological function and proposes conceptual and technical approaches to human neural ensemble recordings in the future.
Book Synopsis Calculus of Thought by : Daniel M Rice
Download or read book Calculus of Thought written by Daniel M Rice and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculus of Thought: Neuromorphic Logistic Regression in Cognitive Machines is a must-read for all scientists about a very simple computation method designed to simulate big-data neural processing. This book is inspired by the Calculus Ratiocinator idea of Gottfried Leibniz, which is that machine computation should be developed to simulate human cognitive processes, thus avoiding problematic subjective bias in analytic solutions to practical and scientific problems. The reduced error logistic regression (RELR) method is proposed as such a "Calculus of Thought." This book reviews how RELR's completely automated processing may parallel important aspects of explicit and implicit learning in neural processes. It emphasizes the fact that RELR is really just a simple adjustment to already widely used logistic regression, along with RELR's new applications that go well beyond standard logistic regression in prediction and explanation. Readers will learn how RELR solves some of the most basic problems in today’s big and small data related to high dimensionality, multi-colinearity, and cognitive bias in capricious outcomes commonly involving human behavior. Provides a high-level introduction and detailed reviews of the neural, statistical and machine learning knowledge base as a foundation for a new era of smarter machines Argues that smarter machine learning to handle both explanation and prediction without cognitive bias must have a foundation in cognitive neuroscience and must embody similar explicit and implicit learning principles that occur in the brain
Book Synopsis Brain Repair After Stroke by : Steven C. Cramer
Download or read book Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.
Book Synopsis Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by : Vincent Walsh
Download or read book Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation written by Vincent Walsh and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-06-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation to reversibly disrupt cortical functioning as a means of studying perceptual and cognitive functions.
Book Synopsis Modern Techniques in Neuroscience Research by : Uwe Windhorst
Download or read book Modern Techniques in Neuroscience Research written by Uwe Windhorst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the techniques used in modern neuroscience research with the emphasis on showing how different techniques can optimally be combined in the study of problems that arise at some levels of nervous system organization. This is essentially a working tool for the scientist in the laboratory and clinic, providing detailed step-by-step protocols with tips and recommendations. Most chapters and protocols are organized such that they can be used independently, while cross-references between the chapters, a glossary, a list of suppliers and appendices provide further help.
Book Synopsis Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography by : Eleanor Criswell
Download or read book Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography written by Eleanor Criswell and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2011 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to the basics of surface electromyography and a detailed atlas for electrode placement.
