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Natural Radioactivity In Soils
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials by : National Research Council
Download or read book Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
Book Synopsis Contaminant Geochemistry by : Brian Berkowitz
Download or read book Contaminant Geochemistry written by Brian Berkowitz and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this updated and expanded second edition, new literature has been added on contaminant fate in the soil-subsurface environment. In particular, more data on the behavior of inorganic contaminants and on engineered nanomaterials were included, the latter comprising a group of “emerging contaminants” that may reach the soil and subsurface zones. New chapters are devoted to a new perspective of contaminant geochemistry, namely irreversible changes in pristine land and subsurface systems following chemical contamination. Two chapters were added on this topic, focusing attention on the impact of chemical contaminants on the matrix and properties of both liquid and solid phases of soil and subsurface domains. Contaminant impacts on irreversible changes occurring in groundwater are discussed and their irreversible changes on the porous medium solid phase are surveyed. In contrast to the geological time scale controlling natural changes of porous media liquid and solid phases, the time scale associated with chemical pollutant induced changes is far shorter and extends over a “human lifetime scale”.
Book Synopsis Natural Radioactivity in Soils by : Commonwealth Bureau of Soils
Download or read book Natural Radioactivity in Soils written by Commonwealth Bureau of Soils and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium-series Disequilibrium by : M. Ivanovich
Download or read book Uranium-series Disequilibrium written by M. Ivanovich and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this book reflects the rapid growth in the field of uranium-series disequilibrium during the past decade. The new edition presents a comprehensive discussion of theory and analytical methodology, emphasizing applications to problems in the Earth, marine, and environmental sciences where the phenomenon of disruption in naturally occurring decay series has facilitated so much productive research. To this end, the editors have drawn upon the experience and expertise of leading practitioners in each specialized area. This book should thus serve both as a reference text and a practical manual for graduate students and researchers in geochemistry, isotope hydrology, environmental science, sedimentology, Earth science, and archaeology.
Book Synopsis Natural Radioactivity of Soil Samples and Effects on Environmental Safety by : Wei Kheong Tan
Download or read book Natural Radioactivity of Soil Samples and Effects on Environmental Safety written by Wei Kheong Tan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Screening Guidance written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography on Natural Radioactivity in Soils and Soil Air by : Commonwealth Bureau of Soil Science
Download or read book Bibliography on Natural Radioactivity in Soils and Soil Air written by Commonwealth Bureau of Soil Science and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Analysis of Active Compounds in Functional Foods by : Leo M.L. Nollet
Download or read book Handbook of Analysis of Active Compounds in Functional Foods written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional foods offer specific benefits that enhance life and promote longevity, and the active compounds responsible for these favorable effects can be analyzed through a range of techniques. Handbook of Analysis of Active Compounds in Functional Foods presents a full overview of the analytical tools available for the analysis of active ingredien
Download or read book Radiation Protection 112 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Publisher :United Nations ISBN 13 :9210600029 Total Pages :512 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (16 download)
Book Synopsis Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report by : United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)
Download or read book Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (III) by : Tomoko M. Nakanishi
Download or read book Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (III) written by Tomoko M. Nakanishi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents the findings from on-site research into radioactive cesium contamination in various agricultural systems affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. This third volume in the series reports on studies undertaken at contaminated sites such as farmland, forests, and marine and freshwater environments, with a particular focus on livestock, wild plants and mushrooms, crops, and marine products in those environments. It also provides additional data collected in the subsequent years to show how the radioactivity levels in agricultural products and their growing environments have changed with time and the route by which radioactive materials entered agricultural products as well as their movement between different components (e.g., soil, water, and trees) within an environmental system (e.g., forests). The book covers various topics, including radioactivity testing of food products; decontamination trials for rice and livestock production; the state of contamination in, trees, mushrooms, and timber; the dynamics of radioactivity distribution in paddy fields and upland forests; damage incurred by the forestry and fishery industries; and the change in consumers’ attitudes. Chapter 19 introduces a real-time radioisotope imaging system, a pioneering technique to visualize the movement of cesium in soil and in plants. This is the only book to provide systematic data on the actual change of radioactivity, and as such is of great value to all researchers who wish to understand the effect of radioactive fallout on agriculture. In addition, it helps the general public to better understand the issues of radio-contamination in the environment. The project is ongoing; the research groups from the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences of The University of Tokyo continue their work in the field to further evaluate the long-term effects of the Fukushima accident.
Book Synopsis Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: Effects by :
Download or read book Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: Effects written by and published by Bernan Assoc. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume of the Scientific Committee's report adds five more annexes to the five in volume one. They cover DNA repair and mutagenesis; biological effects at low radiation doses; combined effects of radiation and other agents; epidemiological evaluation of radiation-induced cancer; and exposures and effects of the Chernobyl accident. Each ends with an impressive number of references. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Bibliography on Natural Radioactivity in Soils (1964-1931) by : Commonwealth Bureau of Soils (Great Britain)
Download or read book Bibliography on Natural Radioactivity in Soils (1964-1931) written by Commonwealth Bureau of Soils (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1964* with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gamma- and X-ray Spectrometry with Semiconductor Detectors by : Klaus Debertin
Download or read book Gamma- and X-ray Spectrometry with Semiconductor Detectors written by Klaus Debertin and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1988 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. This book covers the topics essential to gamma- and x-ray spectrometry as it is now practiced with semiconductor detectors in the energy range from 5keV to 3MeV. This includes useful physical and mathematical background information, the components of a standard photon spectrometer, spectrum analysis procedures, the energy and efficiency calibration, energy and emission-rate measurement methods and some application examples.
Book Synopsis Guidelines on Soil and Vegetation Sampling for Radiological Monitoring by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Guidelines on Soil and Vegetation Sampling for Radiological Monitoring written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses the sampling of soil and vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems, including agricultural, forest and urban environments, contaminated with radionuclides from events such as radiation accidents, radiological incidents and former nuclear activities. It considers sampling strategies and programmes, which are relevant for both emergency and existing exposure situations. Practical advice is provided on the design and implementation of sampling programmes for soil and vegetation within the framework of environmental monitoring. Examples of best practice on the formulation of optimized sampling strategies for different exposure situations are given based on the experience and lessons learned from implementation of past and existing programmes.
Book Synopsis Impact of Cesium on Plants and the Environment by : Dharmendra K. Gupta
Download or read book Impact of Cesium on Plants and the Environment written by Dharmendra K. Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive knowledge to the researchers/academics who are working in the field of cesium contaminated sites, and the impact on plants. This book is also helpful for graduate and undergraduate students who are specializing in radioecology or safe disposal of radioactive waste, remediation of legacies and the impact on the environment. Radiocesium (137Cs and 134Cs) was released into the environment as a result of nuclear weapons testing in 1950s and 1960s (~1x1018 Bq), and later due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986 (8.5x1016 Bq) and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 (~1x1017 Bq). 137Cs is still of relevance due to its half-life of 30 years. The study of radioisotope 137Cs is important, as production and emission rates are high compared to other radioisotopes, due to high fission yield and high volatility. This book contains original work and reviews on how cesium is released into the environment on translocation from soil to plants and further on to animals and into the human food chain. Separate chapters focus on the effective half-life of cesium in plants and on how different cultivars are responding in accumulation of cesium. Other key chapters focus on cesium impact on single cells to higher plants and also on remediation measures as well as on basic mechanism used for remedial options and analysis of transfer factors. The book rounds off by contributions on cesium uptake and translocation and its toxicity in plants after the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Level of Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials in Soil Samples Along the Chao Phraya River Basin by : Todsadol Santawamaitre
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Level of Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials in Soil Samples Along the Chao Phraya River Basin written by Todsadol Santawamaitre and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of natural radioactivity in river sediments and riverbank surface soils collected along the Chao Phraya River and its tributaries in Thailand. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials in the 238U and 232Th decay chains and from 40K were determined by means of a gamma-ray spectrometry system using a hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detector in a low background configuration. The ranges of activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K were found to be 13.9 ± 0.4 ~ 76.8 ± 1.7, 12.9 ± 0.3 ~ 142.9 ± 2.8 and 178.4 ± 6.1 ~ 810.7 ± 26.7 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The results of this current study have been compared with the world mean values of 35, 30 and 400 Bq.kg-1, respectively, specified by the UNSCEAR (2000). The artificial radionuclide, 137Cs, was not observed in statistically significant amounts above the background level in the current study. Additionally, the -, distribution of the activity concentrations to various particle sizes of soil was . investigated in this current study. It can be assumed from the results that the grain size or the fraction of sand and clay content is one of the factors that affects the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in the soil samples, while only a weak correlation between the activity concentration of 40K and the particle size in soil samples was observed in this current study. Concerning radiological risk to human health, the absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air at 1 metre above the ground surface was estimated to lie in the range 21.7±0.4 to 155.7±2.2 nGy.h-1; the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) was evaluated to vary from 26.6±0.4 to 190.9±2.7 ~SV.il, with the arithmetic mean value of 79.06±33.23 ~Svf\ which is comparable to the worldwide effective dose of 70~Svfl. Also, the values of the Raeq and the Hex for all soil samples in the present work are lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370 Bq.ki1 and below the limit of unity, respectively. The results indicate that the radiation hazard from primordial radionuclides in all soil samples from the area studied in this current work is not significant.
