Natural History and Ecology of Larval Lost River Suckers and Larval Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System

Download Natural History and Ecology of Larval Lost River Suckers and Larval Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural History and Ecology of Larval Lost River Suckers and Larval Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System by : Michael S. Cooperman

Download or read book Natural History and Ecology of Larval Lost River Suckers and Larval Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River-Upper Klamath Lake System written by Michael S. Cooperman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We monitored larval Lost River and shortnose suckers from natal beds in the Williamson and Sprague rivers to nursery grounds in Upper Klamath Lake. Downstream movements occurred at night, in the middle of the channel, and on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Ages, sizes, and developmental stages of larvae from spawning beds and the river mouth were similar, while larvae collected contemporaneously from the lake tended to be larger and better fed. Our results indicate in-river rearing was rare, that a rapid outmigration to the lake was favorable for larval survival, and that modification of the lower Williamson River does not appear to have prohibited rapid entry or preclude access to Upper Klamath Lake. Within the Williamson River and Upper Klamath Lake, emergent macrophytes supported significantly higher abundance, larger mean sizes, and better fed larvae than submerged macrophytes, woody vegetation, or open water areas. Analysis of seven years of larval sucker production and survival corroborated the habitat analysis by identifying a positive relationship with emergent macrophyte availability as well as a positive relationship with air temperature and a negative relationship with high wind. These findings illustrate the importance of fast growth, appropriate habitat and calm hydrological conditions for larvae, and are highly consistent with other larval fish studies.

Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781497347113
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : U.S. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federally endangered Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) were once abundant throughout their range but populations have declined. They were extirpated from several lakes in the 1920s and may no longer reproduce in others. Poor recruitment to the adult spawning populations is one of several reasons cited for the decline and lack of recovery of these species and may be the consequence of high mortality during juvenile life stages. High larval and juvenile sucker mortality may be exacerbated by an insufficient quantity of suitable or high quality rearing habitat. In addition, larval suckers may be swept downstream from suitable rearing areas in Upper Klamath Lake into Keno Reservoir, which is seasonally anoxic.

Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781497353824
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (538 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : U.S. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federally endangered Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) were once abundant throughout their range but populations have declined. They were extirpated from several lakes in the 1920s and may no longer reproduce in other lakes. Poor recruitment to the adult spawning populations is one of several reasons cited for the decline and lack of recovery of these species and may be the consequence of high mortality during juvenile life stages. High larval and juvenile sucker mortality may be exacerbated by an insufficient quantity of suitable or high-quality rearing habitat. In addition, larval suckers may be swept downstream from suitable rearing areas in Upper Klamath Lake into Keno Reservoir, where they are assumed lost to Upper Klamath Lake populations.

Distribution, Health, and Development of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Distribution, Health, and Development of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781497346710
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (467 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distribution, Health, and Development of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : U.S. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Distribution, Health, and Development of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federally endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris were once abundant throughout their range but populations have declined; they have been extirpated from several lakes, and may no longer reproduce in others. Poor recruitment into the adult spawning populations is one of several reasons cited for the decline and lack of recovery of these species, and may be the consequence of high mortality during juvenile life stages. High larval and juvenile sucker mortality may be exacerbated by an insufficient quantity of suitable rearing habitat. Within Upper Klamath Lake, a lack of marshes also may allow larval suckers to be swept from suitable rearing areas downstream into the seasonally anoxic waters of the Keno Reservoir.

Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : Summer M. Burdick

Download or read book Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by Summer M. Burdick and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : Summer M. Burdick

Download or read book Distribution and Condition of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by Summer M. Burdick and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Distribution and Condition of Young-of-Year Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008-10 Final Report

Download Distribution and Condition of Young-of-Year Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008-10 Final Report PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781497368767
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (687 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distribution and Condition of Young-of-Year Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008-10 Final Report by : U.S. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Distribution and Condition of Young-of-Year Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in the Williamson River Delta Restoration Project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008-10 Final Report written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nature Conservancy undertook restoration of the Williamson River Delta Preserve with a primary goal "to restore and maintain the diversity of habitats that are essential to the endangered [Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris)] while, at the same time, minimizing disturbance and adverse impacts" (David Evans and Associates, 2005). The Western Fisheries Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey was asked by the Bureau of Reclamation to assist The Nature Conservancy in assessing the use of the restoration by larval and juvenile suckers.

Patterns of Retention and Vagrancy in Larval Lost River and Shortnose Suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Patterns of Retention and Vagrancy in Larval Lost River and Shortnose Suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (752 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Patterns of Retention and Vagrancy in Larval Lost River and Shortnose Suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : Susan A. Reithel

Download or read book Patterns of Retention and Vagrancy in Larval Lost River and Shortnose Suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by Susan A. Reithel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Larval transport and retention of two endangered suckers were studied in a highly altered lacustrine/riverine complex. The endangered populations of Lost River sucker, Deltistes luxatus, and shortnose sucker, Chasmistes brevirostris, in Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon are the largest remnant populations of these suckers. Downstream of UKL, the Keno Impoundment is a seasonally lethal, anoxic habitat. We investigated species densities and hatch date differences between larvae retained in Upper Klamath Lake and those transported below the Link River Dam into the Keno Impoundment. In 2004, larval and juvenile Lost River suckers were captured in greater densities below the dam. Larval shortnose suckers were captured in greater densities in UKL while juveniles were captured in equal densities above and below the dam. Lost River suckers had earlier hatch dates than shortnose suckers and individuals below the dam had earlier average hatch dates for both species. These patterns suggest that, in 2004, early spawned fish, especially Lost River suckers, were more likely to be transported from Upper Klamath Lake while shortnose suckers were more likely to be retained.

Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, Prior to the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2006 Annual Report

Download Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, Prior to the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2006 Annual Report PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781496183996
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (839 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, Prior to the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2006 Annual Report by : U.S. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, Prior to the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2006 Annual Report written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2006, we collected larval Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus (LRS), shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris (SNS), and Klamath largescale sucker Catostomus snyderi (KLS) emigrating from spawning areas in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers. This work is part of a multi-year effort to characterize the relative abundance, drift timing, and length frequencies of larval suckers in this watershed prior to the removal of Chiloquin Dam on the lower Sprague River. Additional larval drift samples were collected from the Fremont Bridge on Lakeshore Drive on the south end of Upper Klamath Lake near its outlet to the Link River. Because of difficulties in distinguishing KLS larvae from SNS larvae, individuals identified as either of these two species were grouped together and reported as KLS-SNS in this report.

Williamson River Delta Restoration

Download Williamson River Delta Restoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Williamson River Delta Restoration by :

Download or read book Williamson River Delta Restoration written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biological/conference Opinion Regarding the Effects of Operation of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project on the Endangered Lost River Sucker (Deltistes Luxatus), Endangered Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes Brevirostris), Threatened Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) and Proposed Critical Habitat for the Lost River/shortnose Suckers

Download Biological/conference Opinion Regarding the Effects of Operation of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project on the Endangered Lost River Sucker (Deltistes Luxatus), Endangered Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes Brevirostris), Threatened Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) and Proposed Critical Habitat for the Lost River/shortnose Suckers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biological/conference Opinion Regarding the Effects of Operation of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project on the Endangered Lost River Sucker (Deltistes Luxatus), Endangered Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes Brevirostris), Threatened Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) and Proposed Critical Habitat for the Lost River/shortnose Suckers by :

Download or read book Biological/conference Opinion Regarding the Effects of Operation of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project on the Endangered Lost River Sucker (Deltistes Luxatus), Endangered Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes Brevirostris), Threatened Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) and Proposed Critical Habitat for the Lost River/shortnose Suckers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781496183842
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (838 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : U S Department of the Interior

Download or read book Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by U S Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 2007, we undertook an assessment of larval and juvenile sucker use of Hanks Marsh in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. This 1,200-acre marsh on the southeastern shoreline of the lake represents part of the last remaining natural emergent wetland habitat in the lake. Because of the suspected importance of this type of habitat to larval and juvenile endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers, it was thought that sucker abundance in the marsh might be comparatively greater than in other non-vegetated areas of the lake. It also was hoped that Hanks Marsh would serve as a reference site for wetland restoration projects occurring in other areas of the lake. Our study had four objectives: to (1) examine seasonal distribution and relative abundance of larval suckers in and adjacent to Hanks Marsh in relation to habitat features such as depth, vegetation, water quality, and relative abundance of nonsucker species; (2) determine the presence or absence and describe the distribution of juvenile suckers [35 to 80 mm standard length (SL)] along the periphery of Hanks Marsh; (3) assess spatial and temporal overlap between larval suckers and their potential predators; and (4) assess suitability of water quality throughout the summer for young-of-the-year suckers.

Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, After the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2009-10 Annual Report

Download Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, After the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2009-10 Annual Report PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781497359758
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (597 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, After the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2009-10 Annual Report by : U.S. Department of the Interior

Download or read book Patterns of Larval Sucker Emigration from the Sprague and Lower Williamson Rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, After the Removal of Chiloquin Dam 2009-10 Annual Report written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2009 and 2010, drift samples were collected from six sites on the lower Sprague and Williamson Rivers to assess drift patterns of larval Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) (LRS) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) (SNS). The objective of this study was to characterize the drift timing, relative abundance, and growth stage frequencies of larval suckers emigrating from the Sprague River watershed. These data were used to evaluate changes in spawning distribution of LRS and SNS in the Sprague River after the 2008 removal of Chiloquin Dam. Drift samples were collected at four sites on the Sprague River and one site each on the Williamson and Sycan Rivers.

Anomalies of Larval and Juvenile Shortnose and Lost River Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Anomalies of Larval and Juvenile Shortnose and Lost River Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anomalies of Larval and Juvenile Shortnose and Lost River Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by :

Download or read book Anomalies of Larval and Juvenile Shortnose and Lost River Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006-09

Download Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006-09 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006-09 by :

Download or read book Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006-09 written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advection/diffusion modeling approach was used to simulate the transport of larval suckers from spawning areas in the Williamson River, through the newly restored Williamson River Delta, to Upper Klamath Lake. The density simulations spanned the years of phased restoration, from 2006/2007 prior to any levee breaching, to 2008 when the northern part of the delta was reconnected to the lake, and 2009 when levees on both sides of the delta had been breached. Model simulation results from all four years were compared to field data using rank correlation. Spearman p correlation coefficients were usually significant and in the range 0.30 to 0.60, providing moderately strong validation of the model. The correlation coefficients varied with fish size class in a way that suggested that the model best described the distribution of smaller fish near the Williamson River channel, and larger fish away from the channel. When Lost River and shortnose/Klamath largescale suckers were simulated independently, the correlation results suggested that the model better described the transport and dispersal of the latter species. The incorporation of night-time-only drift behavior in the Williamson River channel neither improved nor degraded correlations with field data. The model showed that advection by currents is an important factor in larval dispersal.

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Download Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

Download Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon by : Greer O. Anderson

Download or read book Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Larval and Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Hanks Marsh, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon written by Greer O. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: