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Nato Turkey And The Southern Flank
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Book Synopsis NATO, Turkey, and the Southern Flank by : İhsan Gürkan
Download or read book NATO, Turkey, and the Southern Flank written by İhsan Gürkan and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1980 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth in recent years of Soviet political involvement and military presence in the Mediterranean/Middle East region poses a serious challenge to the security of NATO's southern flank. Among other aims, the Soviets hope to reduce Western, especially American, influence in the area; counter and/or neutralize the U.S. strategic posture; and bring to fruition the historic Russian drive for open access through the Turkish Straits. General Gurkan argues that Moscow's strategy is to shift pressure from the relatively stable central region of NATO to the flanks in a multiple pronged southern thrust.
Book Synopsis Turkey and the United States on the Brink by : Kamal A. Beyoghlow
Download or read book Turkey and the United States on the Brink written by Kamal A. Beyoghlow and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph analyzes the current political tensions between the United States and Turkey and suggests ways to manage them. The two countries have been strategic allies since at least the end of World War II-Turkey became a North Atlantic Treaty Organization member and participated with its military forces in the Korea War, and during the Cold War protected NATO's southern flank against Soviet communism, and Turkey's military and intelligence services maintained close relationships with their Western and Israeli counterparts. These relationships were not without problems, due mostly to differences over minority and civil rights in Turkey and over Turkey's invasion of Cyprus in 1973 and continued tensions with Greece. The special relationship with the United States was put to the final test after the Islamic conservative populist political party, Justice and Development, and its current leader, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, came to power in 2002. Turkey opposed the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the NATO-backed regime change in Libya in 2011. Most recently, Turkey has had strained relations with Cyprus, Greece, and Israel-all key US allies-and has alienated the US Congress and select NATO members further by its October 2019 invasion of Syria against Kurdish forces aligned with the US military against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, all against a background of a military rapprochement with Russia. This monograph highlights differences between US agencies concerning Turkey and ways to reconcile them, and offers several policy recommendations for new directions.
Book Synopsis The Southern Flank of NATO, 1951–1959 by : Dionysios Chourchoulis
Download or read book The Southern Flank of NATO, 1951–1959 written by Dionysios Chourchoulis and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1951-52, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization established the Southern Flank, a strategy for the defense of the eastern Mediterranean in the Cold War involving Italy, Greece, and Turkey. Among its many aims, the Southern Flank sought to mobilize these countries as allies and integrate them into the Western defense system. Throughout the 1950s, the alliance developed the Southern Flank and in 1959 it was finally stabilized as fractious Greek-Turkish relations were improved by the temporary settlement over Cyprus. The Southern Flank of NATO, 1951–1959: Military Strategy or Political Stabilization examines, among other things, the initial negotiations of 1951-52, the Southern Flank’s structure and function and relative value in NATO’s overall policy, and the alliance’s response to the challenges in the eastern Mediterranean in the early Cold War. It explores not only the military aspects of the Southern Flank, but also the more controversial political aspects: the admission of Greece and Turkey to NATO, the short-lived military cooperation between these states and Yugoslavia during 1953-55 and the effects of the deterioration in Greek-Turkish relations from 1955 due to Cyprus. It also focuses on the part played by other major members of the alliance, principally the United States and Britain, in Southern Flank politics and strategy. Thus, it considers how the United States and the U.K. viewed the power balance between the three Southern Flank members and how the Americans sought to influence affairs through financial, military and technical assistance, including the construction of U.S. bases in Italy, Greece, and Turkey. The book also assesses the threat posed to the Southern Flank at various points by rising tensions in the Middle East. More generally, the book illuminates the complexities of intra-alliance dynamics in a region full of Cold War tensions. However, in its Middle Eastern/Eastern Mediterranean neighborhood, it was not only the Cold War that provided tensions, since the Arab-Israeli dispute and the tensions of decolonization further complicated the picture. Thus, the study of the Southern Flank is a test case of a Cold War theater which was subjected to additional historical pressures, creating a nexus of problems which the Western Alliance needed to address within its effort to respond to the various challenges of the Cold War.
Book Synopsis Turkey and the United States on the Brink by : Kamal A. Beyoghlow
Download or read book Turkey and the United States on the Brink written by Kamal A. Beyoghlow and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph analyzes the current political tensions between the United States and Turkey and suggests ways to manage them. The two countries have been strategic allies since at least the end of World War II-Turkey became a North Atlantic Treaty Organization member and participated with its military forces in the Korea War, and during the Cold War protected NATO's southern flank against Soviet communism, and Turkey's military and intelligence services maintained close relationships with their Western and Israeli counterparts. These relationships were not without problems, due mostly to differences over minority and civil rights in Turkey and over Turkey's invasion of Cyprus in 1973 and continued tensions with Greece. The special relationship with the United States was put to the final test after the Islamic conservative populist political party, Justice and Development, and its current leader, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, came to power in 2002. Turkey opposed the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the NATO-backed regime change in Libya in 2011. Most recently, Turkey has had strained relations with Cyprus, Greece, and Israel-all key US allies-and has alienated the US Congress and select NATO members further by its October 2019 invasion of Syria against Kurdish forces aligned with the US military against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, all against a background of a military rapprochement with Russia. This monograph highlights differences between US agencies concerning Turkey and ways to reconcile them, and offers several policy recommendations for new directions.
Book Synopsis U.S. Security Assistance to NATO's Southern Flank by :
Download or read book U.S. Security Assistance to NATO's Southern Flank written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Greek-Turkish Relationship and NATO by : Dr Fotios Moustakis
Download or read book The Greek-Turkish Relationship and NATO written by Dr Fotios Moustakis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication shows that the Eastern Mediterranean, having been transformed from a region of secondary importance during the Cold War to one of greater importance for the western interests in the post-Cold War era, is in a state of flux. Despite sporadic periods of rapprochement, tensions between Greece and Turkey still exist. Therefore, one must question the grounds behind the lack of normal relations that exist between these two NATO members and its effects on the NATO organisation as a whole. Hence, this volume has two purposes first, to examine Greek and Turkish foreign, security and defence policies during and after the post-Cold War period and second, to investigate why these policies have been formulated.
Book Synopsis NATO's Southern Allies by : John Chipman
Download or read book NATO's Southern Allies written by John Chipman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-01-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the internal sources of foreign policy within those NATO states whose primary security concerns lie in the southern area of the Alliance. It takes a careful look at foreign and defence policy formulation and assesses the special perspective of each of these countries inturn and the military threats that they face. Attention is paid to the role of the military in society, especially in the geographically peripheral states, as the Alliance seeks to adapt to a possible shift southward of some of its security concerns. A full understanding of the politics in each of these states is essential to determine the relative importance of national and Alliance priorities in each country as the tensions between external policies and internal necessities increase. The book offers an assessment of evolving security requirements in the southern region and of the capacity of NATO Mediterranean states to deal individually and collectively with the changing situation.
Book Synopsis NATO’s First Enlargement by : Evanthis Hatzivassiliou
Download or read book NATO’s First Enlargement written by Evanthis Hatzivassiliou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the entry of Greece and Turkey to NATO in 1952 from the perspective of history and international relations. The chapters were originally collected in 2012 to mark the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the accession of the two states to NATO. The focus is not on the diplomatic/political events that led to the accession (a subject which has already been extensively discussed in the available bibliography), but expands on a reassessment of this event for the two states as well as for the Balkans, covering aspects of the wider post-war period and providing perspectives for the policies of Turkey, Greece and NATO until the present day. This book was originally published as a special issue of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies.
Author :U. S. Army U.S. Army War College Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781522943310 Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (433 download)
Book Synopsis The Role of Turkey As a NATO Partner by : U. S. Army U.S. Army War College
Download or read book The Role of Turkey As a NATO Partner written by U. S. Army U.S. Army War College and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey is strategically one of the most essential members of the NATO alliance. Lying astride the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, and between Europe and Asia, Turkey is the pivot point for pressures and counterpressures from both East and West. The Republic of Turkey was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. With tenacity and exceptional singleness of purpose, Ataturk scrapped traditions long held sacrosanct by Ottoman society and forced the Turks to adopt a more westernized way of life. Ataturk instituted the reforms which coalesced the Turks into a proud, loyal, and nationalistic nation. The Turks have a traditional hatred for the Russians, hence of international communism. A charter member of the United Nations, Turkey has been an effective proponent of collective security and is a loyal member of NATO. The long-standing and emotion-packed Turko-Greek feud over Cyprus has caused international repercussions and lessened Turkey's effectiveness as a NATO partner. Turkey's predominantly agricultural economy provides one of the lowest per capita incomes in Europe. Although generally weak and currently heavily dependent upon foreign aid, Turkey's economy does have growth potential. Aware of the fact that she blocks the route of Russia's historic aspirations for expansion into the Middle East, Turkey maintains a military force of nearly half a million men and expends almost one-third of her annual budget for defense. Turkey is vital to the defense of NATO and the free world; indeed she is truly the "anchor" for the southern flank of NATO's defense line. If the Russians gain control of Turkey, they achieve access to the Mediterranean and gain control of the Middle East. If they control the Middle East, they can dominate Africa and outflank NATO and conquer the nations of Western Europe.
Book Synopsis NATO's Southern Allies by : John Chipman
Download or read book NATO's Southern Allies written by John Chipman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a careful look at foreign and defence policy formulation and assesses the perspective of the NATO states whose primary security concerns lie in the southern area of the Alliance and the military threats they face.
Book Synopsis The Role of Turkey As a NATO Partner by : U. S. Army U.S. Army War College
Download or read book The Role of Turkey As a NATO Partner written by U. S. Army U.S. Army War College and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey is strategically one of the most essential members of the NATO alliance. Lying astride the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, and between Europe and Asia, Turkey is the pivot point for pressures and counterpressures from both East and West. The Republic of Turkey was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. With tenacity and exceptional singleness of purpose, Ataturk scrapped traditions long held sacrosanct by Ottoman society and forced the Turks to adopt a more westernized way of life. Ataturk instituted the reforms which coalesced the Turks into a proud, loyal, and nationalistic nation. The Turks have a traditional hatred for the Russians, hence of international communism. A charter member of the United Nations, Turkey has been an effective proponent of collective security and is a loyal member of NATO. The long-standing and emotion-packed Turko-Greek feud over Cyprus has caused international repercussions and lessened Turkey's effectiveness as a NATO partner. Turkey's predominantly agricultural economy provides one of the lowest per capita incomes in Europe. Although generally weak and currently heavily dependent upon foreign aid, Turkey's economy does have growth potential. Aware of the fact that she blocks the route of Russia's historic aspirations for expansion into the Middle East, Turkey maintains a military force of nearly half a million men and expends almost one-third of her annual budget for defense. Turkey is vital to the defense of NATO and the free world; indeed she is truly the "anchor" for the southern flank of NATO's defense line. If the Russians gain control of Turkey, they achieve access to the Mediterranean and gain control of the Middle East. If they control the Middle East, they can dominate Africa and outflank NATO and conquer the nations of Western Europe.
Book Synopsis Defending The Fringe by : Jed C Snyder
Download or read book Defending The Fringe written by Jed C Snyder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-26 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defending the Fringe assesses the importance of the southern flank of NATO to the Western Alliance. It discusses Western strategy toward the Persian Gulf and includes a brief historical sketch of U.S. regional security doctrines.
Book Synopsis NATO and the Mediterranean by : Lawrence S. Kaplan
Download or read book NATO and the Mediterranean written by Lawrence S. Kaplan and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 1985 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To find more information about Rowman and Littlefield titles, please visit www.rowmanlittlefield.com.
Download or read book NATO Looks South written by Ian O. Lesser and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2000 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The security environment facing the United States and NATO in Europe is changing in fundamental ways, including a steady growth of security challenges emanating from Europe's southern periphery--around the Mediterranean and beyond. This study explores this phenomenon, with special attention to transregional risks, Turkey's Alliance role and need for redefinition, the risk of a Greek-Turkish conflict, the Mediterranean dimension of NATO adaptation, and what these issues might mean for U.S. and NATO strategy. The author finds that Spain, Italy, and Turkey will be key to supporting expeditionary operations in the south; military-to-military ties will require new efforts; a portfolio approach to access arrangements can provide a hedge against uncertainties about coalition behavior in crises; bilateral air power activities in the south should have increased NATO content; and Greek-Turkish risk reduction is an imperative. Areas for future research include lessons of Kosovo for basing and access, the role of air power based in Turkey, and potential USAF contributions to Greek-Turkish risk reduction.
Book Synopsis Delicately Poised Allies, Greece and Turkey by : James Brown
Download or read book Delicately Poised Allies, Greece and Turkey written by James Brown and published by Brassey's. This book was released on 1991 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown (political science, Southern Methodist U.) explores the uneasy relations between the two NATO members holding the eastern frontier of the alliance. He analyzes the internal politics of the two countries, how policy is formulated, the role of the military, their strategic geography, and their p
Book Synopsis U.S. Security Assistance to NATO's Southern Flank by :
Download or read book U.S. Security Assistance to NATO's Southern Flank written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Military Aspects of Banning Arms Aid to Turkey by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
Download or read book The Military Aspects of Banning Arms Aid to Turkey written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
