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Nanocarriers For Ocular Therapeutics
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Book Synopsis Nanocarriers for Ocular Therapeutics by : Gaurav Kumar Jain
Download or read book Nanocarriers for Ocular Therapeutics written by Gaurav Kumar Jain and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavours because the anatomy and physiology of the eye render this organ exquisitely impervious to foreign substances including drugs. Conventional ocular formulations are no longer adequate and currently, nanocarriers for delivering drugs to the eye is emerging as an important area of drug delivery research. This book, therefore, focuses on PLGA-chitosan Nanoplexes as novel nanocarriers for ocular therapeutics. The development of Nanoplex carriers, their uptake mechanism and interaction with ocular surface, and their use for the treatment of ocular keratitis are discussed. The results should help shed some light on the use of these novel nanocarriers for ocular therapeutics, and should be especially useful to researchers or scientists working in the field of nanotechnology and drug delivery, pharmaceutical companies dealing with ocular therapeutics, and upto some extent to professionals associated with health care.
Book Synopsis Update on Polymers for Ocular Drug Delivery by : Atish S Mundada
Download or read book Update on Polymers for Ocular Drug Delivery written by Atish S Mundada and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2011-12-20 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eye is the most easily accessible site for topical administration of a medication. Drugs are commonly applied to the eye for localised action on the surface or in the interior of the eye. A major problem in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of an optimal drug concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the precorneal loss factors which include tear dynamics, non-productive absorption, transient residence time in the cul-de-sac, and the relative impermeability of the corneal epithelial membrane. Due to these physiological and anatomical constraints only a small fraction of the drug, effectively 1% or even less of the instilled dose is ocularly absorbed. The effective dose of medication administered ophthalmically may be altered by increasing the retention time of medication in contact with the surface of the eye. To date, Pharmaceutical Technologists have tried to develop different novel formulations like gel, ocular inserts, collagen shields, implants, liposomes, nanoparticles, penetration enhancers and in-situ gelling systems, in order to increase the bioavailability and duration of the therapeutic action of ocular drugs and polymers plays an important role in all these approaches. This book provides detailed information regarding all such polymers which have been used and shown to be excellent in improving the bioavailability of ocular drugs.
Book Synopsis Development of a Topical Ocular Drug Delivery System Using Polymeric Nanoparticles by : Shengyan Liu
Download or read book Development of a Topical Ocular Drug Delivery System Using Polymeric Nanoparticles written by Shengyan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common eye diseases such as dry eye syndrome affect 15% of the population. Although eye drops are the most common treatment for these diseases, over 95% of the drugs applied through eye drops are quickly cleared away due to blinking and tear turnover. Consequently, patients struggle with the multiple daily applications required and the resulting side effects. Nanoparticle (NP) drug carriers have gained significant traction recently because of several advantages they provide over conventional eye drop delivery methods. NP surfaces can be tuned to achieve specific properties such as binding affinity towards the ocular surface. NPs can also carry a large amount of drugs and release them in a sustained manner over a long period. Due to their small size, NPs do not cause abrasive sensations on the eye upon patient application. With these unique advantages, NP drug carriers may drastically improve patient compliance while reducing side effects. The thesis focuses on developing an ocular drug delivery platform using NPs to improve retention of ocular therapeutics on the precorneal surface. We developed a method to synthesize an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) and dextran (Dex) that can self-assemble into NP drug carriers. The size of the NPs can be tuned between 15 and 70 nm by adjusting the molecular weights of PLA and/or Dex. The PLA-b-Dex NPs form the foundation of the ocular drug delivery platform developed in this thesis. A targeted delivery system is crucial for ocular drug delivery due to the rapid clearance by tear drainage on the corneal surface. The PLA-b-Dex NPs were surface modified with phenylboronic acid (PBA) molecules, which can undergo covalent binding with the mucous membrane to circumvent the rapid clearance. Due to the abundance of functional groups on the dextran, we were able to tune the density of PBA on the NP surface to optimize the binding affinity between the NPs and the mucin. While maximizing the PBA density on the NP surface improved the covalent interaction between the NPs and the mucin, it also compromised the NP colloidal stability. The PBA modified NPs demonstrated encapsulation of Cyclosporine A (CsA), a dry eye treatment drug, and sustained release for up to 5 days in vitro, showing their potential as a long-term eye drop delivery platform. We then performed biocompatibility and efficacy studies on these NPs using animal models. Biocompatibility is of the utmost importance in developing new drug delivery formulations. During the 12 weeks of study, no physical signs of irritation or discomfort were detected nor was any inflammatory response or ocular tissue damage observed in the eyes administered with NPs. Topical administration of CsA-loaded NPs on dry eye induced mice using once a week dosing demonstrated complete elimination of the inflammatory response as well as full recovery of the integrity of the ocular tissues. In the same study, the commercial eye drop form of CsA, Restasis®, administered thrice daily only eliminated the inflammatory infiltrates without recovering ocular goblet cells. By delivering CsA through PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA NPs, we can significantly reduce the dose and the frequency of eye drop administration without compromising the treatment efficacy. In vitro mucoadhesion as a result of PBA's on NP surfaces was demonstrated. We proceeded to further demonstrate this mucoadhesion using in vivo models. Indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared fluorescent dye, was encapsulated in the NPs and administered to rabbit eyes to track its ocular retention. ICG delivered via PBA modified NPs showed ocular retention beyond 24 hours on rabbit eyes, whereas free ICG or ICG delivered via unmodified NPs were mostly cleared within the first 3 hours. When the weekly dosing of CsA loaded PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA NPs was repeated for 4 weeks on dry eye induced mice, we observed the same elimination of inflammatory infiltrates but also the damaged ocular tissue structures. When the concentration of the CsA in the weekly dosing of NPs was further reduced 5 times, the treatment effect was much more pronounced, showing both the elimination of the inflammation and the full recovery of the ocular surface tissues. Overall, by using mucoadhesive nanoparticle drug carriers, we reduced the dosage of CsA at least 50-fold compared with the commercial product, Restasis®, without compromising the dry eye treatment efficacy. Finally, we developed a scalable method to synthesize PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA block copolymers using a semi-solid state reaction chemistry. The previous method of conjugating PBA to the Dex required long reaction hours with multiple reaction and purification steps. In contrast, the new method combines the quickness of a semi-solid state reaction with the simplicity of a Williamson ether chemistry to graft PBA to Dex. The results showed that the new method achieved a similar range of tunability of PBA density onto Dex using reaction times as short as 10 minutes. This thesis demonstrates the development process of a polymeric NP as a topical ocular drug delivery system. The PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA NPs demonstrated delivery of a clinically relevant dosage of dry eye therapeutics, controlled release of therapeutics over prolonged period of time, and mucoadhesive properties resulting in prolonged ocular surface retention of drugs. These mucoadhesive NPs show remarkable promise as a long-term topical ocular drug delivery system that significantly reduces the dose and the administration frequency of the eye drops while minimizing side effects.
Book Synopsis Ocular Drug Delivery Systems by : Deepak Thassu
Download or read book Ocular Drug Delivery Systems written by Deepak Thassu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug discovery for ocular diseases has taken great strides in the last two decades. From cornea to choroid, new drugs have been formulated to address a great variety of ocular diseases. Yet without good drug delivery systems, these drugs are less effective than they might be or could even cause serious side effects. Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Ba
Book Synopsis Treatise on Ocular Drug Delivery by : Ashim K. Mitra
Download or read book Treatise on Ocular Drug Delivery written by Ashim K. Mitra and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary approach is increasingly being adapted by the Pharmaceutical industry to tackle several challenges in developing efficacious treatment solutions. The field of Ophthalmology is no less different. Treatise on Ocular Drug Delivery is a unique collection of information put together by various experts in the field. One of the major goals behind this volume is to link clinical information with the current strategies employed in ocular drug delivery. This monograph covers a range of topics on ocular pharmacology. Chapters in the e-book cover several aspects of drug delivery research such as the biochemical background of specific eye diseases, challenges for ocular drug delivery, the role of influx and efflux transporters, novel drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetics, regulatory aspects, and patenting opportunities for researchers. This E-Book would serve as a suitable reference for pharmacy graduates, medical students, professional scientists and ophthalmic clinicians in academic and industrial laboratories.
Book Synopsis Nanoparticles in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems by : Ana Catarina Silva
Download or read book Nanoparticles in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems written by Ana Catarina Silva and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional ophthalmic formulations lack prolonged drug release effects and mucoadhesive properties, decreasing their residence time in the precorneal area and, therefore, in drug penetration across ocular tissues, presenting a low bioavailability with a consequent reduction in the therapeutic efficacy. These limitations are related to the physiological mechanisms of the eye, for example, the diluting effect of formulations exerted by the tear fluid, constant turnover of the tear fluid, blink reflex, limited capacity of the conjunctival sac, and drainage of formulations applied by gravity.To increase the residence time of formulations on the surface of ocular tissues and increase their ability to penetrate these tissues, different strategies can be used, namely, the use of viscosifying agents, mucoadhesive polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers, microparticles, and colloidal carriers (e.g., micelles, liposomes, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, polymeric, and lipid nanoparticles). This Special Issue combines the latest research and review works reporting the use of nanoparticles in ophthalmic formulations to increase their bioavailability and improve the therapeutic efficacy of ophthalmic formulations.
Book Synopsis Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances, Challenges and Applications by : Richard T. Addo
Download or read book Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances, Challenges and Applications written by Richard T. Addo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eye is a computerized system that has been designed for self-defense, and these defense mechanisms create challenges in administration of medications to the eye. Therefore, ocular drug delivery has been a major challenge to drug delivery researchers. There are on-going studies, in search of treatment especially for the diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye. This book gives and overview of the background of ocular drug delivery and is unique for pharmacists, medical practitioners, students and drug delivery researchers.
Book Synopsis Lipid Nanocarriers for Drug Targeting by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Download or read book Lipid Nanocarriers for Drug Targeting written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Nanocarriers for Drug Targeting presents recent advances in the area of lipid nanocarriers. The book focuses on cationic lipid nanocarriers, solid lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, thermosensitive vesicles, and cubosomes, with applications in phototherapy, cosmetic and others. As the first book related to lipid nanocarriers and their direct implication in pharmaceutical nanotechnology, this important reference resource is ideal for biomaterials scientists and those working in the medical and pharmaceutical industries that want to learn more on how lipids can be used to create more effective drug delivery systems. Highlights the most commonly used types of lipid nanocarriers and explains how they are applied in pharmacy Shows how lipid nanocarriers are used in different types of treatment, including oral medicine, skin repair and cancer treatment Assesses the pros and cons of using different lipid nanocarriers for different therapies
Book Synopsis The Wills Eye Manual by : Adam T. Gerstenblith
Download or read book The Wills Eye Manual written by Adam T. Gerstenblith and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thoroughly revised Sixth Edition of this classic reference on ocular disease is the perfect guide for all clinicians who treat eye disorders. Written in a concise outline format, this quick reference is perfect for diagnosis and management of hundreds of ocular conditions. This pocket-size manual covers - from symptoms to treatment - all ocular disorders likely to be encountered in the office, emergency room, or hospital setting.
Book Synopsis Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine by : Sanjay Singh
Download or read book Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine written by Sanjay Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-04-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates the significance of nanotechnology in the delivery of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs, biomimetic technologies, tissue engineering, sensing, diagnostics, and artificial enzymes. It first briefly discusses the use of nanotechnology for the delivery of anticancer medications, and the concept and applications of catalytically active nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes for sensing and diagnostic applications. It then explores the use of silver nanoparticle-based novel antimicrobials, and comprehensively reviews the role of nanomaterials in developing biomedical implants and tissue engineering applications. Lastly, it offers a detailed description of nanotherapeutics for combating human protozoan parasitic infections. Cutting across the disciplines, this book serves as a guide for researchers and scientists in biotechnology, medical science and material science.
Book Synopsis Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems by : Ashim K. Mitra
Download or read book Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems written by Ashim K. Mitra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this text assembles significant ophthalmic advances and encompasses breakthroughs in gene therapy, ocular microdialysis, vitreous drug disposition modelling, and receptor/transporter targeted drug delivery.
Book Synopsis Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine by : Rajeev K. Tyagi
Download or read book Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine written by Rajeev K. Tyagi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine introduces non-experts to the world of nanomedicine and its evolving organizational infrastructure. Considering the fluid nature of nano breakthroughs and the delicate balance between benefits and consequences as they apply to medicine, readers at all levels will gain a practical, understandable base of information on these developments so that they may take the greatest advantage of them. This practical reference investigates the impact of nanotechnology on applications in medicine and biomedical sciences, and the broader societal and economic effects. Eschewing technological details, it focuses on enhancing awareness of the business, regulatory, and administrative aspects of medical applications. It gives readers a critical, balanced, and realistic evaluation of existing nanomedicine developments and future prospects and provides an ideal foundation upon which to plan and make decisions.
Book Synopsis Intravitreal Therapeutic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases by : Joel Grondek
Download or read book Intravitreal Therapeutic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases written by Joel Grondek and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular therapeutic delivery affords challenges as unique as the diseases themselves. The human eye is anatomically compartmentalized, both within the organ itself and from the systemic vasculature typically used for drug delivery. Recent pharmaceutical developments have revolutionized the prognosis for ocular diseases, yet many therapies treating the posterior segment of the eye remain invasive and require frequent administration to maintain remission. Herein, we review the application of nanocarriers as intravitreally injected therapeutic delivery vehicles working toward enhanced retinal uptake to further improve current therapeutic outcomes and for the development future therapies and we present a novel approach to the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Chapter one provides introductory overview of the complex anatomy of the eye, routes of therapeutic administration, and current nanoparticle formulations designed to treat posterior segment diseases by intravitreal injection. Chapter two demonstrates a novel application of fusogenic porous silicon nanoparticles for intravitreal delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor siRNA using a rabbit model for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Chapter three summaries prior work focused on peptide targeted magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial infarction using a fibrin homing peptide. Here we demonstrate long circulating iron oxide nanoparticle chains call "nanoworms" can effectively target early fibrin associated with myocardial injury using a rat ischemia/reperfusion model.
Book Synopsis Nanoparticulates as Drug Carriers by : V. P. Torchilin
Download or read book Nanoparticulates as Drug Carriers written by V. P. Torchilin and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by key experts in the field of nanomedicine, this book provides a broad introduction to the important field of nanomedicine and application of nanotechnology for drug delivery. It covers up-to-date information regarding various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, describes the various opportunities for the application of nanoparticular drug carriers in different areas of clinical medicine, and analyzes already available information on their clinical applications. This book can be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students and young scientists and clinicians at the early stages of their career. It is also suitable for non-experts from related areas of chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, biomedical engineering, physiology, experimental and clinical medicine, and pharmaceutical sciences, who are interested in general problems of drug delivery and drug targeting, as well as in more specialized topics of using nanoparticulate-mediated drug delivery approaches in the individual areas of clinical medicine. Prof Torchilin is an expert in Nanomedicine and a recipient of numerous awards including the Lenin Prize in Science & Technology of the former USSR, membership in the European Academy of Sciences, and AAPS Research Achievement Award in Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery. He served as an Associate Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School before joining Northeastern University as the Chairman of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction. Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: Needs and Requirements (442 KB). Contents: Nanoparticle Flow: Implications for Drug Delivery (A T Florence); Polymer Micelles as Drug Carriers (E V Batrakova et al.); Lipoproteins as Pharmaceutical Carriers (S Liu et al.); Dendrimers as Nanoparticular Drug Carriers (S Svenson & D A Tomalia); Cells and Cell Ghosts as Drug Carriers (J M Lanao & M L Sayalero); Magnetic Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers (U O Hnfeli & M Chastellain); Liposomal Drug Carriers in Cancer Therapy (A A Gabizon); Delivery of Nanoparticles to the Cardiovascular System (B-A Khaw); Nanoparticles for Targeting Lymphatics (W Phillips); Nanoparticular Carriers for Ocular Drug Delivery (A Sanchez & M J Alonso); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students, academics in nanomedicine, clinicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, bioengineers, researchers in biotechnology and diagnostic imaging."
Book Synopsis Ophthalmic Disease Mechanisms and Drug Discovery by : Kang Zhang
Download or read book Ophthalmic Disease Mechanisms and Drug Discovery written by Kang Zhang and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book presents a concise discussion on the most important topics of ophthalmology — mechanism of ophthalmic diseases, imaging techniques used for diagnosis, novel therapies and drug delivery systems. It also covers current knowledge about anti-VEGF therapies that revolutionized neovascular AMD treatment, anti-inflammatory and dry eye treatment, as well as nanoparticles use of drug delivery.Written by experts in ophthalmology, this unique volume provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field. This is an essential reading that will provide up-to-date reference to practicing physicians and current knowledge to residents and students.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy presents recent advances in the field of nanobiomaterials and their important applications in drug delivery, therapy and engineering. The book offers pharmaceutical perspectives, exploring the development of nanobiomaterials and their interaction with the human body. Chapters show how nanomaterials are used in treatments, including neurology, dentistry and cancer therapy. Authored by a range of contributors from global institutions, this book offers a broad, international perspective on how nanotechnology-based advances are leading to novel drug delivery and treatment solutions. It is a valuable research resource that will help both practicing medics and researchers in pharmaceutical science and nanomedicine learn more on how nanotechnology is improving treatments. Assesses the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems Explores how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient drug delivery systems Discusses which nanomaterials make the best drug carriers
Book Synopsis Bioadhesives in Drug Delivery by : K. L. Mittal
Download or read book Bioadhesives in Drug Delivery written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the phenomenon of bioadhesion i.e. its theories or mechanism(s) are of critical importance in developing optimum bioadhesive polymers (used in bioadhesives). Such bioadhesive polymers are the key for exhibiting the process of bioadhesion, controlled/sustained release of drugs, and drug targeting. The use of bioadhesives restricts the delivery system to the site of interest and thus offers a useful and efficient technique for targeting a drug to the desired location for a prolonged duration. This book addresses the various relevant aspects of bioadhesives in drug delivery in an easily accessible and unified manner. The book containing 12 chapters written by eminent researchers from many parts of the globe is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamental Aspects; Part 2: Bioadhesive Formulations; Part 3: Drug Delivery Applications. The topics covered include: Theories and mechanisms of bioadhesion; bioadhesive polymers for drug delivery applications; methods for characterization of bioadhesiveness of drug delivery systems; bioadhesive films and drug delivery applications; bioadhesive nanoparticles; and bioadhesive hydrogels and applications ocular biodhesive drug delivery systems; buccal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; gastrointestinal bioadhesive drug delivery systems ; nasal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; vaginal drug delivery systems; pulmonary bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
