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Multi Photon Entanglement From Parametric Downconversion
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Book Synopsis Multi-photon Entanglement from Parametric Downconversion by : George Khoury
Download or read book Multi-photon Entanglement from Parametric Downconversion written by George Khoury and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several optics experiments at the few-photon level are presented. First, we demonstrate the production of entangled states of up to 100 photons and methods to analyze their entanglement with single photon detectors. We then develop a method to generate path entangled states of light from the output of a parametric downconverter without postselection. We observe the bunching of composite states of photons, and show that they can exhibit bosonic or fermionic behavior depending on their internal phase. We demonstrate a novel way to produce entangled photon pairs that provides unmatched quantum interference visibility when using an ultrafast pump source. We then theoretically analyze the multi-photon state produced with such a source. By using the Schmidt decomposition of the state, we obtain intuitive expressions for four-fold correlation functions and also the non-perturbative solution to the downconversion interaction Hamiltonian. Finally, we present two measurements of the output of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using a novel multiphoton detector. We show that the individual photon absorption probabilities vary on a subwavelength scale. We also show, using a Bayesian analysis of the detection results, that the phase sensitivity of an interferometer is in fact independent of phase angle, in contrast to the widely used standard theory.
Book Synopsis Multi-Photon Quantum Interference by : Zhe-Yu Jeff Ou
Download or read book Multi-Photon Quantum Interference written by Zhe-Yu Jeff Ou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details parametric down-conversion for the generation of non-classical state of light and its applications in generating various kinds of quantum entanglement among multiple photons from parametric down-conversion. It presents applications of the principle of quantum interference to multi-photon systems. The book also details continuous variable entanglement and various types of multi-photon interference effects.
Book Synopsis Multi-photon Entanglements from Pulsed Pump Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion by : Timothy E. Keller
Download or read book Multi-photon Entanglements from Pulsed Pump Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion written by Timothy E. Keller and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Two-photon Quantum Entanglement from Type-II Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion by : Todd B. Pittman
Download or read book Two-photon Quantum Entanglement from Type-II Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion written by Todd B. Pittman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Generation of Three-photon Entanglement Using Cascaded Downconversion by : Deny R. Hamel
Download or read book Direct Generation of Three-photon Entanglement Using Cascaded Downconversion written by Deny R. Hamel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High quality entangled photon sources are a key requirement for many promising quantum optical technologies. However, the production of multi-photon entangled states with good fidelity is challenging. Current sources of multi-photon entanglement require the use of post-selection, which limits their usefulness for some applications. It has been an open challenge to create a source capable of directly producing three-photon entanglement. An important step in this direction was achieved with the demonstration of photon triplets produced by a new process called cascaded downconversion, but these previous measurements were not sufficient to show whether these photons were in an entangled state and only had detection rates of five triplets per hour. In this thesis, we show the first demonstration of a direct source of three-photon entanglement. Our source is based on cascaded downconversion, and we verify that it produces genuine tripartite entanglement in two degrees of freedom: energy-time and polarization. The energy-time entanglement is similar to a three-particle generalization of an Einstein-Podolski-Rosen state; the three photons are created simultaneously, yet the sum of their energies is well defined, which is an indication of energy-time entanglement. To prove it, we use time-bandwidth inequalities which check for genuine tripartite entanglement. Our measurements show that the state violates the inequalities with what constitute, to the best of our knowledge, the strongest violation of time-bandwidth inequalities in a tripartite continuous-variable system to date. We create polarization entanglement by modifying our experimental setup so that two downconversion processes producing orthogonally polarized triplets interfere to create Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. By using highly efficient superconducting nanowire single photon detectors, we improve the detected triplet rate by 2 orders of magnitude to 660 triplets per hour. We characterize the state using quantum state tomography, and find a fidelity of 86\% with the ideal state, beating the previous best value for a three-photon entangled state fidelity measured by tomography. We also use the state to perform two tests of local realism. We violate the Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities by 10 and 5 standard deviations respectively, the latter being the strongest violation to date. Finally, we show that, unlike previous sources of tree-photon entanglement, our source can be used as a source of heralded Bell pairs. We demonstrate this by measuring a CHSH inequality with the heralded Bell pairs, and by reconstructing their state using quantum state tomography.
Book Synopsis Quantum Information with Continuous Variables by : S.L. Braunstein
Download or read book Quantum Information with Continuous Variables written by S.L. Braunstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum information may sound like science fiction but is, in fact, an active and extremely promising area of research, with a big dream: to build a quantum computer capable of solving problems that a classical computer could not even begin to handle. Research in quantum information science is now at an advanced enough stage for this dream to be credible and well-worth pursuing. It is, at the same time, too early to predict how quantum computers will be built, and what potential technologies will eventually strike gold in their ability to manipulate and process quantum information. One direction that has reaped many successes in quantum information processing relies on continuous variables. This area is bustling with theoretical and experimental achievements, from continuous-variable teleportation, to in-principle demonstrations of universal computation and efficient error correction. Now the time has come to compile some of the major results into one volume. In this book the leading researchers of the field present up-to-date developments of continuous-variable quantum information. This book is organized to suit many reader levels with introductions to every topic and in-depth discussions of theoretical and experimental results.
Book Synopsis Methods in Theoretical Quantum Optics by : Stephen Barnett
Download or read book Methods in Theoretical Quantum Optics written by Stephen Barnett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-11-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the mathematical methods widely used by workers in the field of quantum optics. It deals with the physical assumptions which lead to the models and approximations employed, but the main purpose of the text is to give a firm grounding in those techniques needed to derive analytical solutions to problems.
Book Synopsis Towards On-demand Generation of Entangled Photons with Quantum Dots by : Arash Ahmadi
Download or read book Towards On-demand Generation of Entangled Photons with Quantum Dots written by Arash Ahmadi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biexciton-exciton cascade in quantum dots (QDs) yields entangled photon pairs, and recent developments in engineering photonic structures around the dot for efficient light extraction and proper control of the fine-structure splitting, has led to significant breakthroughs in achieving an ideal entangled photon source -- exhibiting properties such as high extraction efficiency, low multi-photon emission and high entanglement fidelity. This thesis presents our development in enhancing the performance of entangled photon generation of QDs towards near-unity efficiency and fidelity. We study InAsP quantum dots in photonic nanowires for efficient light extraction and to reveal the effect of a quantum dot with high nuclear spin on the entanglement fidelity. Revealing the ultimate limit of entanglement in QDs is still a challenge, and it is generally believed that a sample made of atoms possessing high nuclear spins exhibits limited entanglement due to the dephasing caused by spin-spin interactions. Moreover, it is assumed that the fine-structure splitting of QDs degrades the entanglement fidelity, as it introduces a which-path information in the biexciton-exciton cascade. We have performed two-photon state tomography on InAsP QDs in InP nanowires, comprising of nuclear spin 9/2, and have realized that such a source is capable of generating entangled photon pairs with negligible dephasing during the emission lifetime, with a peak concurrence C = 77% and a count-weighted average concurrence 62%. This result was obtained by comparing the outcome of our measurements with a theoretical model that assumes no dephasing, however, takes into account the details of the detection system, i.e., dark-count rates and timing resolution, as well as, specific features of the QD, e.g., emission lifetime, fine-structure splitting, multi-photon emission probability, etc. Proper engineering of tapered nanowires allows for extraction of the emitted photons with high efficiency, which makes it possible to perform a complete two-photon state tomography and monitoring the evolution of the exciton state, as well as, the entanglement fidelity of the photon-pair, during the emission lifetime. This enabled us to reveal the effect of an imperfect detection system, as well as, multi-photon emission in recording low values for entanglement fidelity. Moreover, our calculations show that proper analysis of the time-energy uncertainty relation provides the necessary means to measure a high entanglement fidelity even in the presence of fine-structure splitting; since, a detection system with high timing resolution can overlook the which-path information, as the uncertainty in measuring the energy of the photons will be larger than the fine-structure splitting. Therefore, realizing near-unity entanglement fidelity using QDs is merely a technical challenge, i.e., resonant excitation of the QD, in order to suppress multi-photon emission, and use of a detection system with low timing jitter and dark-count rates. As a next step to achieve this goal, we have performed the resonant two-photon excitation scheme for the first time on a QD in a photonic nanowire, which resulted in an enhancement of the performance of our source. We managed to improve the single-photon purity of the source, g^(2)(0), by two orders of magnitude; moreover, analysis of the emission spectrum reveals that this scheme increases the pair-production efficiency to values above 93% for the biexciton-exciton cascade. Taking the efficiency of our experimental setup into consideration, the results indicate an approximately eight-fold enhancement of the pair-extraction efficiency as compared to the quasi-resonant excitation scheme (12.55% vs. 1.6%). Based on these results, two-photon state tomography on our source, under resonant two-photon excitation and performed by a detection system with high timing resolution and low dark-count rates, yields near-unity entanglement fidelity. By considering the enhancement in pair-extraction efficiency that we obtained, QDs in photonic nanowires can surpass the performance of spontaneous parametric down conversion sources in terms of entanglement fidelity and pair-extraction efficiency. Even though we have shown a finite fine-structure splitting does not degrade the entanglement fidelity in QDs, for various application in quantum information removing the fine-structure splitting is beneficial. Therefore, we have proposed a universal all-optical approach for removing the fine-structure splitting. In this scheme, the energy of the photons are shifted by using a pair of quarter-wave plates and fast-rotating half-wave plates after they have been emitted; and as a result, the energy difference between the two decay paths in the biexciton-exciton cascade is erased. This method is applicable to any QD source and can be easily implemented using the currently available technology; moreover, no further sample processing will be required in order to achieve zero fine-structure splitting.
Author :Jonathan C.F. Matthews Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642328695 Total Pages :128 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Multi-Photon Quantum Information Science and Technology in Integrated Optics by : Jonathan C.F. Matthews
Download or read book Multi-Photon Quantum Information Science and Technology in Integrated Optics written by Jonathan C.F. Matthews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-06 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photons are an attractive option for testing fundamental quantum physics and developing new quantum-enhanced technology, including highly advanced computers and simulators, as well as precision sensing beyond shot-noise. Traditionally, bulk optical components have been bolted onto optical benches to realize metre-scale quantum circuits. However this approach is ultimately proving unwieldy for increasing the complexity and for scaling up to practical quantum technologies based on photons. The work presented here demonstrates a series of quantum photonic devices based on waveguide circuits embedded in miniature monolithic chips. This represents a paradigm shift in the underlying architecture of quantum optics and provides key building blocks for all-optical and hybrid quantum technologies.
Book Synopsis Coherence Properties of the Entangled Two-photon Field Produced by Parametric Down-conversion by : Anand Kumar Jha
Download or read book Coherence Properties of the Entangled Two-photon Field Produced by Parametric Down-conversion written by Anand Kumar Jha and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Parametric down-conversion is a second-order nonlinear optical process in which a pump photon breaks up into two separate photons known as the signal photon and the idler photon. The constraints of energy and momentum conservation render the signal and idler photons entangled in several different variables including time and energy, position and transverse momentum, and angular position and orbital angular momentum. Because of these correlations, the down-converted signal and idler photons can be described adequately only as a single, two-photon system. In this thesis, we present our theoretical and experimental studies of the coherence properties of the down-converted, entangled two-photon fields, through two-photon interference effects in temporal, spatial and angular domains. First of all, we study the temporal coherence properties of the down-converted two-photon fields, in the limit in which the frequency bandwidth of the pump field is much narrower than that of the down-converted field. We present a formalism to completely characterize temporal two-photon interference effects in terms of the variations of two length parameters--called the two-photon path length difference and the two-photon path-asymmetry length difference--which we construct using the six different length parameters that a general two-photon interference experiment involves. Next, we extend this formalism to describe also the spatial coherence properties of the two-photon field. By explicitly treating the case of a partially spatially coherent pump beam of Gaussian Schell-model type, we show that in parametric down-conversion the spatial coherence properties of the pump field get entirely transferred to the spatial coherence properties of the down-converted two-photon field. As an important consequence of this study, we find that for two-qubit states that are based on the spatial correlations of the down-converted photons, the maximum achievable entanglement is bounded by the degree of spatial coherence of the pump field. In the last part of this thesis, we study the coherence properties of the entangled two-photon field in the angular domain, by investigating two-photon angular interference effects in situations in which the down-converted photons are made to pass through apertures in the form of double angular-slits"--Leaves vii-viii.
Book Synopsis Coherence and Quantum Optics VIII by : N.P. Bigelow
Download or read book Coherence and Quantum Optics VIII written by N.P. Bigelow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eighth Rochester Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics was held on the campus of the University of Rochester during the period June 13-16,2001. This volume contains the proceedings of the meeting. The meeting was preceded by an affiliated conference, the International Conference on Quantum Information, with some overlapping sessions on June 13. The proceedings of the affiliated conference will be published separately by the Optical Society of America. A few papers that were presented in common plenary sessions of the two conferences will be published in both proceedings volumes. More than 268 scientists from 28 countries participated in the week long discussions and presentations. This Conference differed from the previous seven in the CQO series in several ways, the most important of which was the absence of Leonard Mandel. Professor Mandel died a few months before the conference. A special memorial symposium in his honor was held at the end of the conference. The presentations from that symposium are included in this proceedings volume. An innovation, that we believe made an important contribution to the conference, was the inclusion of a series of invited lectures chaired by CQO founder Emil Wolf, reviewing the history of the fields of coherence and quantum optics before about 1970. These were given by three prominent participants in the development of the field, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1. F. Clauser, and R. I. Glauber.
Download or read book Quantum Mechanics written by Mark Beck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-01 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents quantum mechanics at the junior/senior undergraduate level. It is unique in that it describes not only quantum theory, but also presents five laboratories that explore truly modern aspects of quantum mechanics. These laboratories include "proving" that light contains photons, single-photon interference, and tests of local realism. The text begins by presenting the classical theory of polarization, moving on to describe the quantum theory of polarization. Analogies between the two theories minimize conceptual difficulties that students typically have when first presented with quantum mechanics. Furthermore, because the laboratories involve studying photons, using photon polarization as a prototypical quantum system allows the laboratory work to be closely integrated with the coursework. Polarization represents a two-dimensional quantum system, so the introduction to quantum mechanics uses two-dimensional state vectors and operators. This allows students to become comfortable with the mathematics of a relatively simple system, before moving on to more complicated systems. After describing polarization, the text goes on to describe spin systems, time evolution, continuous variable systems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom, etc.), and perturbation theory. The book also includes chapters which describe material that is frequently absent from undergraduate texts: quantum measurement, entanglement, quantum field theory and quantum information. This material is connected not only to the laboratories described in the text, but also to other recent experiments. Other subjects covered that do not often make their way into undergraduate texts are coherence, complementarity, mixed states, the density operator and coherent states. Supplementary material includes further details about implementing the laboratories, including parts lists and software for running the experiments. Computer simulations of some of the experiments are available as well. A solutions manual for end-of-chapter problems is available to instructors.
Book Synopsis Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion and Quantum Entanglement by :
Download or read book Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion and Quantum Entanglement written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum entanglement has been a topic of much research in modern physics, and an application in quantum computing is envisioned. This thesis addresses the use of polarization entangled photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in entanglement transfer process and quantum computing. The simplicity of SPDC entanglement relative to other quantum phenomena is first emphasized by developing a complete classical theory of the photon-crystal interactions characteristic of SPDC. The methods of achieving polarization superposition via the Type-I and Type-II SPDC are described. A combination of superposition and polarization correlation between down-converted photons is shown to violate Bell's inequality, thus revealing the entangled nature of the photon pairs. Finally, the possibility of controlling entangled photons through the manipulation of surface plasmons is highlighted as a way to transfer entanglement from photons to material particles.
Book Synopsis A Research On The Detection Of The Entangled Red Photons In The Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion Experiment by : Ting Gu
Download or read book A Research On The Detection Of The Entangled Red Photons In The Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion Experiment written by Ting Gu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spontaneous parametric down-conversion experiment is a quantum optics experiment which demonstrates the very phenomenon of quantum entanglement. The idea of this research project is to conduct this experiment on a self-designed optics system and record observed entangled photon pairs as well as red light cones produced by a non-linear BBO crystal. The BBO crystal is the key component of this experiment and a 405nm laser beam will shine through the crystal to produce down converted 810nm photon pairs. The measuring and data collection tools are a photon counting module and a optics camera. The ultimate goal of this project is to create an optics system and a guide for the spontaneous parametric down-conversion experiment, which will become one of the optics experiments performed in the senior optics lab course. The entire optics system was very successfully built, with the following components aligned in a line: a 405nm laser, a 100mm focus lens, a BBO crystal, a fixed aperture, a red light filter and a camera. The results from the experiment show some indication of the two red light cones produced by the crystal. Further experiments will be carried out to confirm the down-converted light cones and to test the coincidence rate of SPDC.
Book Synopsis Quantum Communication and Quantum Networking by : Alexander Sergienko
Download or read book Quantum Communication and Quantum Networking written by Alexander Sergienko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Conference on Quantum Communication and Quantum Networking, QuantumCom 2009, held in Naples, Italy, in October 2009. The 38 full papers were selected from numerous submissions. This conference has been devoted to the discussion of new challenges in quantum communication and quantum networking that extends from the nanoscale devices to global satellite communication networks. It placed particular emphasis on basic quantum science effects and on emerging technological solutions leading to practical applications in the communication industry, culminating with a special section on Hybrid Information Processing.
Download or read book Photonics written by Ralf Menzel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-30 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how nonlinear phenomena play a more and more important role for everybody using the laser "as a tool," making it unique in this respect. Provides a basic knowledge of modern lasers, as well as the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy (and an exhaustive list of 4000 references) From first-edition reviews: "Almost a handbook, reviewing in a single author's voice the basic properties of light and its linear and nonlinear interactions with matter, both in the absence and in the presence of absorption." Physics Today
Book Synopsis International Conference on Squeezed States and Uncertainty Relations by :
Download or read book International Conference on Squeezed States and Uncertainty Relations written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
