Mothering While Black

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Mothering While Black

Author : Dawn Marie Dow
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520971779
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Mothering While Black by : Dawn Marie Dow

Download or read book Mothering While Black written by Dawn Marie Dow and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mothering While Black examines the complex lives of the African American middle class—in particular, black mothers and the strategies they use to raise their children to maintain class status while simultaneously defining and protecting their children’s “authentically black” identities. Sociologist Dawn Marie Dow shows how the frameworks typically used to research middle-class families focus on white mothers’ experiences, inadequately capturing the experiences of African American middle- and upper-middle-class mothers. These limitations become apparent when Dow considers how these mothers apply different parenting strategies for black boys and for black girls, and how they navigate different expectations about breadwinning and childrearing from the African American community. At the intersection of race, ethnicity, gender, work, family, and culture, Mothering While Black sheds light on the exclusion of African American middle-class mothers from the dominant cultural experience of middle-class motherhood. In doing so, it reveals the painful truth of the decisions that black mothers must make to ensure the safety, well-being, and future prospects of their children.

We Live for the We

Author : Dani McClain
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568588550
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis We Live for the We by : Dani McClain

Download or read book We Live for the We written by Dani McClain and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A warm, wise, and urgent guide to parenting in uncertain times, from a longtime reporter on race, reproductive health, and politics In We Live for the We, first-time mother Dani McClain sets out to understand how to raise her daughter in what she, as a black woman, knows to be an unjust -- even hostile -- society. Black women are more likely to die during pregnancy or birth than any other race; black mothers must stand before television cameras telling the world that their slain children were human beings. What, then, is the best way to keep fear at bay and raise a child so she lives with dignity and joy? McClain spoke with mothers on the frontlines of movements for social, political, and cultural change who are grappling with the same questions. Following a child's development from infancy to the teenage years, We Live for the We touches on everything from the importance of creativity to building a mutually supportive community to navigating one's relationship with power and authority. It is an essential handbook to help us imagine the society we build for the next generation.

Birthing Black Mothers

Author : Jennifer C. Nash
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478021721
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Birthing Black Mothers by : Jennifer C. Nash

Download or read book Birthing Black Mothers written by Jennifer C. Nash and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Birthing Black Mothers Black feminist theorist Jennifer C. Nash examines how the figure of the “Black mother” has become a powerful political category. “Mothering while Black” has become synonymous with crisis as well as a site of cultural interest, empathy, fascination, and support. Cast as suffering and traumatized by their proximity to Black death—especially through medical racism and state-sanctioned police violence—Black mothers are often rendered as one-dimensional symbols of tragic heroism. In contrast, Nash examines Black mothers’ self-representations and public performances of motherhood—including Black doulas and breastfeeding advocates alongside celebrities such as Beyoncé, Serena Williams, and Michelle Obama—that are not rooted in loss. Through cultural critique and in-depth interviews, Nash acknowledges the complexities of Black motherhood outside its use as political currency. Throughout, Nash imagines a Black feminist project that refuses the lure of locating the precarity of Black life in women and instead invites readers to theorize, organize, and dream into being new modes of Black motherhood.

Black Mothers and Attachment Parenting

Author : Hamilton, Patricia
Publisher : Bristol University Press
ISBN 13 : 1529207932
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Mothers and Attachment Parenting by : Hamilton, Patricia

Download or read book Black Mothers and Attachment Parenting written by Hamilton, Patricia and published by Bristol University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attachment parenting is an increasingly popular style of childrearing that emphasises ‘natural’ activities such as extended breastfeeding, bedsharing and babywearing. Such parenting activities are framed as the key to addressing a variety of social ills. Parents’ choices are thus made deeply significant with the potential to guarantee the well-being of future societies. Examining black mothers’ engagements with attachment parenting, Hamilton shows the limitations of this neoliberal approach. Unique in its intersectional analysis of contemporary mothering ideologies, this outstanding book fills a gap in the literature on parenting culture studies, drawing on black feminist theorizing to analyse intensive mothering practices and policies. Black Mothers and Attachment Parenting is shortlisted for the 2021 BSA Philip Abrams Memorial Prize.

Motherhood in Black and White

Author : Ruth Feldstein
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 150172150X
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Motherhood in Black and White by : Ruth Feldstein

Download or read book Motherhood in Black and White written by Ruth Feldstein and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The apron-clad, white, stay-at-home mother. Black bus boycotters in Montgomery, Alabama. Ruth Feldstein explains that these two enduring, yet very different, images of the 1950s did not run parallel merely by ironic coincidence, but were in fact intimately connected. What she calls "gender conservatism" and "racial liberalism" intersected in central, yet overlooked, ways in mid-twentieth-century American liberalism. Motherhood in Black and White analyzes the widespread assumption within liberalism that social problems—ranging from unemployment to racial prejudice—could be traced to bad mothering. This relationship between liberalism and motherhood took shape in the 1930s, expanded in the 1940s and 1950s, and culminated in the 1960s. Even as civil rights moved into the mainstream of an increasingly visible liberal agenda, images of domineering black "matriarchs" and smothering white "moms" proliferated. Feldstein draws on a wide array of cultural and political events that demonstrate how and why mother-blaming furthered a progressive anti-racist agenda. From the New Deal into the Great Society, bad mothers, black or white, were seen as undermining American citizenship and as preventing improved race relations, while good mothers, responsible for raising physically and psychologically fit future citizens, were held up as a precondition to a strong democracy. By showing how ideas about gender roles and race relations intersected in films, welfare policies, and civil rights activism, as well as in the assumptions of classic works of social science, Motherhood in Black and White speaks to questions within women's history, African American history, political history, and cultural history. Ruth Feldstein analyzes representations of black women and white women, as well as the political implications of these representations. She brings together race and gender, culture and policy, vividly illuminating each.

Motherhood So White

Author : Nefertiti Austin
Publisher : Sourcebooks, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 149267902X
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Motherhood So White by : Nefertiti Austin

Download or read book Motherhood So White written by Nefertiti Austin and published by Sourcebooks, Inc.. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story every mother in America needs to read. As featured on NPR and the TODAY Show. All moms have to deal with choosing baby names, potty training, finding your village, and answering your kid's tough questions, but if you are raising a Black child, you have to deal with a lot more than that. Especially if you're a single Black mom... and adopting. Nefertiti Austin shares her story of starting a family through adoption as a single Black woman. In this unflinching account of her parenting journey, Nefertiti examines the history of adoption in the African American community, faces off against stereotypes of single Black moms, and confronts the reality of what it looks like to raise children of color and answer their questions about racism in modern-day America. Honest, vulnerable, and uplifting, Motherhood So White is a fantastic book for mothers who have read White Fragility by Robin DiAngelo, Stamped from the Beginning by Ibram X. Kendi, Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? by Beverly Daniel Tatum, or other books about racism and want to see how these social issues play out in a very personal way for a single mom and her Black son. This great book club read explores social and cultural bias, gives a new perspective on a familiar experience, and sparks meaningful conversations about what it looks like for Black families in white America today.

Revolutionary Mothering

Author : Alexis Pauline Gumbs
Publisher : PM Press
ISBN 13 : 1629632457
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolutionary Mothering by : Alexis Pauline Gumbs

Download or read book Revolutionary Mothering written by Alexis Pauline Gumbs and published by PM Press. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by the legacy of radical and queer black feminists of the 1970s and ’80s, Revolutionary Mothering places marginalized mothers of color at the center of a world of necessary transformation. The challenges we face as movements working for racial, economic, reproductive, gender, and food justice, as well as anti-violence, anti-imperialist, and queer liberation are the same challenges that many mothers face every day. Oppressed mothers create a generous space for life in the face of life-threatening limits, activate a powerful vision of the future while navigating tangible concerns in the present, move beyond individual narratives of choice toward collective solutions, live for more than ourselves, and remain accountable to a future that we cannot always see. Revolutionary Mothering is a movement-shifting anthology committed to birthing new worlds, full of faith and hope for what we can raise up together. Contributors include June Jordan, Malkia A. Cyril, Esteli Juarez, Cynthia Dewi Oka, Fabiola Sandoval, Sumayyah Talibah, Victoria Law, Tara Villalba, Lola Mondragón, Christy NaMee Eriksen, Norma Angelica Marrun, Vivian Chin, Rachel Broadwater, Autumn Brown, Layne Russell, Noemi Martinez, Katie Kaput, alba onofrio, Gabriela Sandoval, Cheryl Boyce Taylor, Ariel Gore, Claire Barrera, Lisa Factora-Borchers, Fabielle Georges, H. Bindy K. Kang, Terri Nilliasca, Irene Lara, Panquetzani, Mamas of Color Rising, tk karakashian tunchez, Arielle Julia Brown, Lindsey Campbell, Micaela Cadena, and Karen Su.

Mothering Without a Map

Author : Kathryn Black
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143034863
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Mothering Without a Map by : Kathryn Black

Download or read book Mothering Without a Map written by Kathryn Black and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2005-02-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every woman longs to be a good mother. But what about those women who grew up “undermothered”—whose own mothers were well-meaning but unavailable, absent, distracted, or depressed? How are they to become the good mothers they aspire to be? In this beautifully articulate book, Kathryn Black, whose own mother’s early death inspired her award-winning In the Shadow of Polio, offers affirming news: One doesn’t have to have had a good mother to become one. Probing for answers from experts in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, social work, biology, and other disciplines, Black reveals that there are other paths to discovering the good mother within. This moving and powerful book shows how “wounded daughters” can become “healing mothers” who give their own children a legacy of security, happiness, and love. On the web: http://www.motheringwithoutamap.com

Mothers in Children's and Young Adult Literature

Author : Lisa Rowe Fraustino
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1496807006
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Mothers in Children's and Young Adult Literature by : Lisa Rowe Fraustino

Download or read book Mothers in Children's and Young Adult Literature written by Lisa Rowe Fraustino and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2016-05-05 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Children’s Literature Association’s 2018 Edited Book Award Contributions by Robin Calland, Lauren Causey, Karen Coats, Sara K. Day, Lisa Rowe Fraustino, Dorina K. Lazo Gilmore, Anna Katrina Gutierrez, Adrienne Kertzer, Kouen Kim, Alexandra Kotanko, Jennifer Mitchell, Mary Jeanette Moran, Julie Pfeiffer, and Donelle Ruwe Living or dead, present or absent, sadly dysfunctional or merrily adequate, the figure of the mother bears enormous freight across a child's emotional and intellectual life. Given the vital role literary mothers play in books for young readers, it is remarkable how little scholarly attention has been paid to the representation of mothers outside of fairy tales and beyond studies of gender stereotypes. This collection of thirteen essays begins to fill a critical gap by bringing together a range of theoretical perspectives by a rich mix of senior scholars and new voices. Following an introduction in which the coeditors describe key trends in interdisciplinary scholarship, the book's first section focuses on the pedagogical roots of maternal influence in early children's literature. The next section explores the shifting cultural perspectives and subjectivities of the twentieth century. The third section examines the interplay of fantasy, reality, and the ethical dimensions of literary mothers. The collection ends with readings of postfeminist motherhood, from contemporary realism to dystopian fantasy. The range of critical approaches in this volume will provide multiple inroads for scholars to investigate richer readings of mothers in children's and young adult literature.

Mothering Without a Compass

Author : Becky W. Thompson
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 9781452904948
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Mothering Without a Compass by : Becky W. Thompson

Download or read book Mothering Without a Compass written by Becky W. Thompson and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

My Brown Baby

Author : Denene Millner
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1534476490
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis My Brown Baby by : Denene Millner

Download or read book My Brown Baby written by Denene Millner and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From noted parenting expert and New York Times bestselling author Denene Millner comes the definitive book about parenting African American children. For over a decade, national parenting expert and bestselling author Denene Millner has published thought-provoking, insightful, and wickedly funny commentary about motherhood on her critically acclaimed website, MyBrownBaby.com. The site, hailed a “must-read” by The New York Times, speaks to the experiences, joys, fears, and triumphs of African American motherhood. After publishing almost 2,000 posts aimed at lifting the voices of parents of color, Millner has now curated a collection of the website’s most important and insightful essays offering perspectives on issues from birthing while Black to negotiating discipline to preparing children for racism. Full of essays that readers of all backgrounds will find provocative, My Brown Baby acknowledges that there absolutely are issues that Black parents must deal with that white parents never have to confront if they’re not raising brown children. This book chronicles these differences with open arms, a lot of love, and the deep belief that though we may come from separate places and have different backgrounds, all parents want the same things for our families—and especially for our children.

Laboring Positions

Author : Sekile Nzinga-Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781927335024
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboring Positions by : Sekile Nzinga-Johnson

Download or read book Laboring Positions written by Sekile Nzinga-Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Raising the Race

Author : Riché J. Daniel Barnes
Publisher : Families in Focus
ISBN 13 : 9780813561981
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis Raising the Race by : Riché J. Daniel Barnes

Download or read book Raising the Race written by Riché J. Daniel Barnes and published by Families in Focus. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising the Race is the first study to examine how black, married career women juggle their relationships with their extended and nuclear families, the expectations of the black community, and their desires to raise healthy, independent children. Including extensive interviews from women whose voices have been underrepresented in debates about work-family balance, Riché J. Daniel Barnes draws upon their diverse perspectives to propose policy initiatives that would improve the work and family lives of all Americans.

Caribbean Mothers

Author : Tracey Reynolds
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781872767529
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis Caribbean Mothers by : Tracey Reynolds

Download or read book Caribbean Mothers written by Tracey Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mothering and being mothered in a racialised society such as the U.K. continues to have an impact on the daily lives of Caribbean mothers -first, second and third generation. From their own experiences and through their own eyes this study documents the social realities these mothers face. In describing these women's experiences the 'silent' and often times 'invisible' voices of black and minority ethnic mothers in the mothering literature are reclaimed. Caribbean Mothers critically explores theories of racism, racial and gender identity, social class and generation divisions, relating the experiences of Caribbean mothers to wide issues of difference, exclusion, social divisions and coalitions. Themes around which a Caribbean mothering identity is constructed include the maintenance of cultural and kinship connections to the Caribbean; childrearing strategies to respond to racism; employment and the Labour Market; 'community mothering'; and the role and participation of Caribbean men in the family. The thematic issues of protection, advice, security and education form the central elements of these mothers' childcare practices. Caribbean Mothers provides accounts of historical and cultural patterns of mothering and family ideologies in the cross-national context of the Caribbean, U.S.A. and U.K. It presents an analysis of the relationship between black and white mothers, black men and women and mother and child in order to challenge and deconstruct stereotypical (and pathological) images of black mothers such as the 'babymother', 'welfare queen' and 'superwoman'. In doing so, the book raises essential questions about the homogeneity of the term 'mother' and conventional understandings concerning biology, gender and the family.

The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood

Author : Sharon Hays
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300076523
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (765 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood by : Sharon Hays

Download or read book The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood written by Sharon Hays and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working mothers today confront not only conflicting demands on their time and energy but also conflicting ideas about how they are to behave: they must be nurturing and unselfish while engaged in child rearing but competitive and ambitious at work. As more and more women enter the workplace, it would seem reasonable for society to make mothering a simpler and more efficient task. Instead, Sharon Hays points out in this original and provocative book, an ideology of "intensive mothering" has developed that only exacerbates the tensions working mothers face. Drawing on ideas about mothering since the Middle Ages, on contemporary childrearing manuals, and on in-depth interviews with mothers from a range of social classes, Hays traces the evolution of the ideology of intensive mothering--an ideology that holds the individual mother primarily responsible for child rearing and dictates that the process is to be child-centered, expert-guided, emotionally absorbing, labor-intensive, and financially expensive. Hays argues that these ideas about appropriate mothering stem from a fundamental ambivalence about a system based solely on the competitive pursuit of individual interests. In attempting to deal with our deep uneasiness about self-interest, we have imposed unrealistic and unremunerated obligations and commitments on mothering, making it into an opposing force, a primary field on which this cultural ambivalence is played out.

Black Motherhood(s) Contours, Contexts and Considerations

Author : Karen. T. Craddock
Publisher : Demeter Press
ISBN 13 : 1772580147
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Motherhood(s) Contours, Contexts and Considerations by : Karen. T. Craddock

Download or read book Black Motherhood(s) Contours, Contexts and Considerations written by Karen. T. Craddock and published by Demeter Press. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers Black Motherhood through multiple and global lenses to engage the reader in an expanded reflection and to prompt further discourse on the intersection of race and gender within the construct of motherhood among Black women. With an aim to extend traditional treatments of Black motherhood that are often centered on a subordinated and struggling perspective, these essays address some of the hegemonic reality while also exploring nuance in experiences, less explored areas of subjugation, as well as pathways of resistance and resilience in spite of it. Largely focusing within domains such as narrative, identity, spirituality and sexuality, the book deftly explores black motherhood by incorporating varied arenas for discussion including: literary analysis, expressive arts, historical fiction, the African Diaspora, reproductive health, religion and social ecology.

Toni Morrison and Motherhood

Author : Andrea O'Reilly
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791485161
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Toni Morrison and Motherhood by : Andrea O'Reilly

Download or read book Toni Morrison and Motherhood written by Andrea O'Reilly and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces Morrison's theory of African American mothering as it is articulated in her novels, essays, speeches, and interviews. Mothering is a central issue for feminist theory, and motherhood is also a persistent presence in the work of Toni Morrison. Examining Morrison's novels, essays, speeches, and interviews, Andrea O'Reilly illustrates how Morrison builds upon black women's experiences of and perspectives on motherhood to develop a view of black motherhood that is, in terms of both maternal identity and role, radically different from motherhood as practiced and prescribed in the dominant culture. Motherhood, in Morrison's view, is fundamentally and profoundly an act of resistance, essential and integral to black women's fight against racism (and sexism) and their ability to achieve well-being for themselves and their culture. The power of motherhood and the empowerment of mothering are what make possible the better world we seek for ourselves and for our children. This, argues O'Reilly, is Morrison's maternal theory—a politics of the heart. "As an advocate of 'a politics of the heart,' O'Reilly has an acute insight into discerning any threat to the preservation and continuation of traditional African American womanhood and values ... Above all, Toni Morrison and Motherhood, based on Andrea O'Reilly's methodical research on Morrison's works as well as feminist critical resources, proffers a useful basis for understanding Toni Morrison's works. It certainly contributes to exploring in detail Morrison's rich and complex works notable from the perspectives of nurturing and sustaining African American maternal tradition." — African American Review "O'Reilly boldly reconfigures hegemonic western notions of motherhood while maintaining dialogues across cultural differences." — Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering "Andrea O'Reilly examines Morrison's complex presentations of, and theories about, motherhood with admirable rigor and a refusal to simplify, and the result is one of the most penetrating and insightful studies of Morrison yet to appear, a book that will prove invaluable to any scholar, teacher, or reader of Morrison." — South Atlantic Review "...it serves as a sort of annotated bibliography of nearly all the major theoretical work on motherhood and on Morrison as an author ... anyone conducting serious study of either Toni Morrison or motherhood, not to mention the combination, should read [this book] ... O'Reilly's exhaustive research, her facility with theories of Anglo-American and Black feminism, and her penetrating analyses of Morrison's works result in a highly useful scholarly read." — Literary Mama "By tracing both the metaphor and literal practice of mothering in Morrison's literary world, O'Reilly conveys Morrison's vision of motherhood as an act of resistance." — American Literature "Motherhood is critically important as a recurring theme in Toni Morrison's oeuvre and within black feminist and feminist scholarship. An in-depth analysis of this central concern is necessary in order to explore the complex disjunction between Morrison's interviews, which praise black mothering, and the fiction, which presents mothers in various destructive and self-destructive modes. Kudos to Andrea O'Reilly for illuminating Morrison's 'maternal standpoint' and helping readers and critics understand this difficult terrain. Toni Morrison and Motherhood is also valuable as a resource that addresses and synthesizes a huge body of secondary literature." — Nancy Gerber, author of Portrait of the Mother-Artist: Class and Creativity in Contemporary American Fiction "In addition to presenting a penetrating and original reading of Toni Morrison, O'Reilly integrates the evolving scholarship on motherhood in dominant and minority cultures in a review that is both a composite of commonalities and a clear representation of differences." — Elizabeth Bourque Johnson, University of Minnesota Andrea O'Reilly is Associate Professor in the School of Women's Studies at York University and President of the Association for Research on Mothering. She is the author and editor of several books on mothering, including (with Sharon Abbey) Mothers and Daughters: Connection, Empowerment, and Transformation and Mothers and Sons: Feminism, Masculinity, and the Struggle to Raise Our Sons.