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Molecular And Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Sperm Cell Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana
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Book Synopsis Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Sperm Cell Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Hoda A. T. Khatab
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Sperm Cell Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Hoda A. T. Khatab and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of male and female gametes crucial for successful fertilisation, yet molecular mechanisms in these processes are largely unknown. The goal of the research presented in this thesis is to understand more about these mechanisms. A novel pollen division mutant, duo pollen 4 (duo4), that fails to produce twin sperm cells was investigated. Genetic analyses revealed that duo4 acts post-meiotically and does not affect female gametophyte development. The majority of duo4 germ cells complete DNA replication and fail to enter mitosis, but mutant germ cell appears to differentiate normally when crossed to different cell fate markers. Map-based cloning defined the DUO4 locus to a 14.5 kb region containing the Cdh1/Fzr/Ste9- related, APC activator gene, CCS52A1. Molecular genetic approaches were combined to identify the cause of the germline defects in duo4. Gene expression analysis, misexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments indicate that the duo4 phenotype results from misexpression of CCS52A1 in the male germline. This is persuasive evidence that CCS52 activity is subject to tight control during male germ cell cycle progression. DUO1 is a major transcription regulator of germ cell division and differentiation and the second major objective describes the validation of four native target genes in the DUO1 regulatory network. These target genes encode metabolic and transport-related proteins. The activity of these promoters was shown to be DUO1-dependent in the male gametophyte or the male germline, highlighting the importance of the DUO1 regulon in a range of functions required for sperm cell development. Collectively, these results advance understanding of how the male gametes are produced, and provide an improved molecular understanding of reproduction in higher plants.
Book Synopsis A Study of Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Mediating the Formation of Twin Sperm Cells in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Nadia Taimur
Download or read book A Study of Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Mediating the Formation of Twin Sperm Cells in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Nadia Taimur and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Regulation in the Male Gametophyte of Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Said Salim Hafidh
Download or read book A Study of Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Regulation in the Male Gametophyte of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Said Salim Hafidh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The haploid male gametophyte of angiosperms has an integral role in the production of twin sperm cells necessary for the double fertilization, the essence of flowering plants. However, the mechanisms regulating sperm cell formation and cell fate specification has yet to be identified. In this study, the thesis investigates the function of key cell cycle regulators and presents characterisation of a novel pollen division mutant of Arabidopsis (duo3) that fails to produce twin sperm cells. In addition, the project also examines the activity of small RNA (smRNA) pathways as a potential mechanism that modulates native gene expression. Pollen cell-specific vectors were constructed to drive the expression of hairpin double stranded RNA (hp-dsRNA) as tools for investigating the activity of smRNA pathways, and their efficacy was tested by manipulating expression of key cell cycle regulators in Arabidopsis. Indeed, expression of hp-dsRNA intended to knockdown transcripts of Cyclin B1 members, revealed a putative role Cyclin B1 in microspore and germ cell division. Furthermore, analysis of a Cyclin B1;1 reporter led to the identification of DUO1 (a pollen specific R2R3 MYB protein) but not DUO3 as a germ cell-specific regulator of Cyclin B1;1 expression. This interaction was further verified by rescuing mutant duo1 plants with Cyclin B1;1. Analysis of DUO3 expression revealed restricted patterns confined predominantly in dividing tissues. Moreover, study of Cyclin B1;1 reporter revealed mutant duo3 cells to be impaired in degrading Cyclin B1;1 protein, suggesting a role in modulating Cyclin B1;1 activity. In summary, this work has highlighted a potential role of the Cyclin B1 family in the development of the male gametophyte. Use of Cyclin B1;1 marker has demonstrated a first example of germ cell specific integrator of cell division and cell differentiation and a putative role of DUO3 in germ cell division. A significant progress has been achieved in understanding smRNA pathways and the vectors generated will be exploited to gain more insight into the development of the male gametophyte.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Male Germline Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Michael Borg
Download or read book Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Male Germline Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Michael Borg and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In flowering plants, the male gametophyte plays a vital role in plant fertility through the generation and delivery of two sperm cells to the embryo sac. A strict male germline is only established after meiosis when haploid microspores divide asymmetrically to form a small germ cell and large vegetative cell. This germ cell goes on to differentiate and divide once again to produce the functional twin sperm cells required for double fertilisation. Despite its importance in plant fertility and crop production, the mechanism integrating germ cell proliferation and specification during male gametogenesis has remained elusive. DUO1 is an evolutionary conserved unique R2R3-type MYB transcription factor that is specifically expressed in the male germline. DUO1 is the major determinant of male germline fate, regulating the expression of key specification genes required for fertilisation whilst integrating this with germ cell cycle progression through the regulation of the G2/M regulator CYCB1;1. DUO1 constitutes the major focus of this thesis and as such it addresses several aspects of DUO1 regulatory network. The first chapter of the thesis explores upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling male germline restricted expression in Arabidopsis. The expression of several genes, including DUO1, does not depend on a previously proposed derepression mechanism whilst DUO1 expression involves only positive promoter elements. The second chapter involves functional characterisation of the DUO1 protein, which has helped to delimit the transactivation domain of DUO1. This analysis has also provided insights into the evolutionary conserved supernumerary lysine residue present in the DUO1 MYB domain, which is likely to play a role in attenuating the rate of target gene transcription. The third part describes the analysis and verification of novel target genes in the DUO1 regulatory network. A mechanism for direct transactivation of target genes is also described whereby DUO1 binds to MYB sequences in target gene promoters. The final chapter concerns the functional analysis of two redundant DUO1-activated zinc finger (DAZ) EAR repressor proteins. Their intermediate role in coordinating male germ cell cycle progression is demonstrated by their ability to complement the cell cycle defect in the duo1 mutant. Furthermore, DAZ1 and DAZ2 also influence sperm cell specification, indicating that the DAZ subregulon also integrates specification with cell cycle progression. Together this data has provided compelling insights into the scale and architecture of the DUO1 male germline regulatory network controlling the production of functional sperm cells in flowering plants.
Download or read book The Plant Cell Cycle written by Dirk Inzé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the study of the plant cell cycle has become of major interest, not only to scientists working on cell division sensu strictu , but also to scientists dealing with plant hormones, development and environmental effects on growth. The book The Plant Cell Cycle is a very timely contribution to this exploding field. Outstanding contributors reviewed, not only knowledge on the most important classes of cell cycle regulators, but also summarized the various processes in which cell cycle control plays a pivotal role. The central role of the cell cycle makes this book an absolute must for plant molecular biologists.
Book Synopsis The Molecular Mechanisms Governing Shoot Stem Cell Maintenance and Organ Patterning by a Family of Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Jared Allan Sewell
Download or read book The Molecular Mechanisms Governing Shoot Stem Cell Maintenance and Organ Patterning by a Family of Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Jared Allan Sewell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome duplication in eukaryotes and particularly in plant species has led to gene families with both redundant and specialized functions. How closely related transcription factor families compete to alter gene expression and ultimately manifest a morphological phenotype is a key biological question. In Arabidopsis, the Class III Homedomain-Leucine Zipper (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factor family controls many developmental processes, such as embryo patterning and shoot stem cell formation, through complex genetic interactions. However the specific molecular mechanisms behind these genetic observations remain unresolved. I have discovered that HD-ZIPIIIs collaboratively and antagonistically regulate entire pathways at multiple, sometimes opposing steps, which can occur on a stage, tissue or cell type specific level. I found that HD-ZIPIIIs form preferential heterodimers in planta, co-occupy hundreds of genomic locations and regulate target gene expression both positively and negatively. Transcriptional repression by HD-ZIPIIIs is correlated with the co-occupancy and association with the co-repressor TOPLESS. Finally, I uncovered a novel HD-ZIPIII protein interaction partner that exhibits a similar genome-wide DNA binding profile and transcriptional response and interacts with both TPL and the HD-ZIPIIIs and thus may bridge a transcriptional complex required for HD-ZIPIII-mediated repression. These results demonstrate how a highly related family of TFs can collectively regulate important developmental signaling networks and will help unravel the inherent complexities of TF family interrelationships at both the molecular and network level.
Book Synopsis Maize Kernel Development by : Brian A Larkins
Download or read book Maize Kernel Development written by Brian A Larkins and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an authoritative book that acts as a guide to understanding maize kernel development. Written by a team of experts, it covers topics spanning pre- and post-fertilization events, embryo and endosperm development, grain filling and maturation, and factors influencing crop yield. It explores the significance of maize and other cereal grains, existing hypotheses and research, and important gaps in our knowledge and how we might fill them. This is a valuable resource for researchers of maize and other cereals, and anyone working on basic or applied science in the fields of seed development, plant genetics, and crop physiology.
Book Synopsis Plant Germline Development by : Anja Schmidt
Download or read book Plant Germline Development written by Anja Schmidt and published by Humana. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signaling and hormones, cell cycle, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, cell-type specific methods for targeted ablation or isolation are provided, protocols to apply “omics” technologies and to perform bioinformatics data analysis, as well as methods relevant for aspects of biotechnology or plant breeding. This includes protocols that are relevant for the targeted manipulation of pathways, for crop plant transformation, or for conditional induction of phenotypes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Germline Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a comprehensive guide not only to studying basic questions related to different aspects of plant reproductive development but also for state of the art methods, in addition to being a source of inspiration for new approaches and research questions in many laboratories.
Book Synopsis Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants by : Hitoshi Sawada
Download or read book Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants written by Hitoshi Sawada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on the Mechanisms of Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, where many plant and animal reproductive biologists gathered to discuss their recent progress in investigating the shared mechanisms and factors involved in sexual reproduction. This now is the first book that reviews recent progress in almost all fields of plant and animal fertilization. It was recently reported that the self-sterile mechanism of a hermaphroditic marine invertebrate (ascidian) is very similar to the self-incompatibility system in flowering plants. It was also found that a male factor expressed in the sperm cells of flowering plants is involved in gamete fusion not only of plants but also of animals and parasites. These discoveries have led to the consideration that the core mechanisms or factors involved in sexual reproduction may be shared by animals, plants and unicellular organisms. This valuable book is highly useful for reproductive biologists as well as for biological scientists outside this field in understanding the current progress of reproductive biology.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Cellular Plant Reproduction by :
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Plant Reproduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant reproduction is essential not only for producing offspring but also for increasing crop quality and yield. Moreover, plant reproduction entails complex growth and developmental processes, which provide a variety of opportunities for elucidating fundamental principles in biology. The combinational employment of molecular genetic approaches and emerging technologies, such as florescence-based imaging techniques and next generation sequencing, has led to important progresses in plant reproduction using model plants, crops, and trees. This e-book compiles 31 articles, including 1 hypothesis and theory, 4 perspectives, 12 reviews, and 14 original research papers. We hope that this E-book will draw attention of all plant biologists to exciting advances in the field of plant reproduction and help solve remaining challenging questions in the future. We wish to express our appreciation to all the authors, reviewers, and the Frontiers editorial office for their excellent contributions that made the publication of this e-book possible.
Download or read book Polarity in Plants written by K. Lindsey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The establishment of polarity is a fundamental feature in eukaryotic development. Polarity in Plants provides an account of current research into the mechanisms by which polarity is generated at the level of the cell, organ and organism in plants, drawing especially on recent work with model organisms. The emphasis is on the use of the techniques of molecular genetics to dissect molecular mechanisms. This is the first volume to bring together the diverse aspects of polarity in plant development.
Book Synopsis Receptor-like Kinases in Plants by : Frans Tax
Download or read book Receptor-like Kinases in Plants written by Frans Tax and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-21 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing projects have revealed the presence of at least several hundred receptor kinases in a typical plant genome. Receptor kinases are therefore the largest family of primary signal transducers in plants, and their abundance suggests an immense signaling network that we have only just begun to uncover. Recent research findings indicate that individual receptor kinases fulfill important roles in growth and development, in the recognition of pathogens and symbionts or, in a few examples, in both growth and defense. This volume will focus on the roles of receptor kinases, their signaling pathways, and the ways in which these important signaling proteins are regulated.
Download or read book Endosperm written by Odd-Arne Olsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nutritive endosperm of angiosperms is mankind’s most important source of food, livestock feed and industrial raw material. This book is the first comprehensive overview of the developmental and molecular biology of endosperm. The text covers cereal endosperm development from fertilization to maturity, including molecular and cell biology of the syncytial phase. It also goes into the cellularization process and cell fate specification of the embryo surrounding region cells, the basal transfer cells, the starchy endosperm and aleurone cells.
Book Synopsis Pollination in Plants by : Phatlane William Mokwala
Download or read book Pollination in Plants written by Phatlane William Mokwala and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-06 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are the basic source of food for both humans and animals. Most of the food is made of fruits and seeds. For these to be formed, pollination must first take place. This process is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther, which is the male structure of the flower, to the sigma on the female structure of the flower. The transfer process requires agents to be carried out. The agents can be either biotic or abiotic. Nature perfected this arrangement between the pollination agents and the plants. As ecosystems and agricultural systems are changing, this balanced arrangement becomes disturbed. This makes it necessary that pollination systems be studied so that necessary measures can be undertaken to ensure productivity. The chapters of this book present results in research undertaken to improve productivity in crops such as Actinidia chinensis (the kiwifruit), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), and Manicaria saccifera (a tropical forest palm). Some results are presented on tests to check the viability of pollen grains and the delivery of sperm cells through pollen tubes to the embryo sac. These results can serve as guidelines to any person seeking to improve pollination and productivity or to check the efficiency on pollination in ecosystems or agricultural production systems.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Epigenetics by : Renato Paro
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
