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Modulation Of Radar Backscatter From The Ocean By A Variable Surface Current
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Book Synopsis Modulation of Radar Backscatter from the Ocean by a Variable Surface Current by : E. A. Caponi
Download or read book Modulation of Radar Backscatter from the Ocean by a Variable Surface Current written by E. A. Caponi and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculations of surface wave and radar cross section modulation induced by a spatially varying surface current have been compared with field measurements made with SAR (X- and L-bands), real aperture radar (X-band), laser slope guage, and CCD video camera during the Joint Canada/U.S. Ocean Wave Investigation Project (JOWIP) which took place in August 1983. The comparison reveals that (i) many existing wind-relaxation models underpredict the hydrodynamic effect of the current, (ii) simple Bragg scattering model underpredicts radar backscatter modulation for higher frequency radars (e.g., X-band) but appears acceptable at lower radar frequencies (e.g., L-band), (iii) the discrepancy between measurements and calculations at high radar frequency is reduced, but not eliminated, when the effects of long surface waves have been accounted for. Keywords include: Radar backscatter, Surface wave modulations, Wave-current interactions, Georgia strait experiment, and JOWIP. (RRH).
Book Synopsis Modulation of the Radar Backscatter from the Ocean Surface by a Long Gravity Wave by : J. C. Holtzman
Download or read book Modulation of the Radar Backscatter from the Ocean Surface by a Long Gravity Wave written by J. C. Holtzman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radar Scattering from Modulated Wind Waves by : G.J. Komen
Download or read book Radar Scattering from Modulated Wind Waves written by G.J. Komen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years ago, de Loor and co-workers at TNO, The Netherlands, were the first to report bottom topography patterns in real aperture radar (RAR) images of the southern North Sea. At that time, this was a real puzzle. The skin depth of microwaves for sea water is only of the order of centimeters while the sea bottom is about 20 meters below the surface. Electromagnetic radiation therefore cannot probe the bottom directly. Similar phenomena were found in radar imagery from SEASAT and SIR-AlB synthetic aperture radars (SAR's) of Nantucket Shoals, the English Channel and many other coastal areas. Since then theory and ocean field experiments (Le., Phelps Bank, Georgia Straits, SARSEX, TOWARD, FASINEX, etc.) have advanced our understanding considerably. We now know that these surface signatures are the results of surface currents, perturbed by the bottom topography, which refract the propagation and modulate the energy of (short) surface waves so as to cause microwave backscatter power variations. Hence, any large scale ocean features containing nonuniform surface currents (i.e. internal waves, eddies, fronts, etc.) will cause similar manifestations in the radar imagery by means of current-wave-microwave interactions. Observations confirm this.
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Azimuth Modulation of the Radar Backscatter at Near-normal Incidence by : Andrew D. Greenwood
Download or read book Azimuth Modulation of the Radar Backscatter at Near-normal Incidence written by Andrew D. Greenwood and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radar observations of the ocean surface are becoming increasingly important. Common applications are wind retrieval and global weather forecasting and characterization. Because of the common use of ocean radar measurements, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the backscatter to both radar parameters and surface parameters.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Ocean Surface Current and Current Shear by HF Backscatter Radar by : Eng-Chong Ha
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Ocean Surface Current and Current Shear by HF Backscatter Radar written by Eng-Chong Ha and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Doppler spectrum of radar return from the sea at HF contains two narrow lines displaced upward and downward from the carrier frequency, resulting from backscatter off ocean surface waves moving toward and away from the radar, respectively. These Bragg lines indicate resonant backscatter which occurs for the ocean waves of length one-half the radio wavelength. The phase velocity of these gravity waves consists of two components; the first is determined by the wavelength and the second by the current component in the direction of wave propagation averaged over depth with an exponential weighting function that has a characteristic scale proportional to the wavelength. The Doppler shift of the radar carrier is determined by the wave phase velocity. Its variation with carrier frequency is thus related to the vertical profile of the current component in the radar direction by a Laplace transform; therein lies the principle of radio measurement of ocean current and its vertical shear. Radio backscatter experiments to verify the feasibility of such measurements were conducted using the radar operating at four frequencies covering the range from 3 to 30 MHz. The depth-averaged radial current deduced from the centroid of the Doppler-shifted sea echo experiments at 6.8, 13.3, 21.7, and 29.8 MHz showed fluctuations on the order of 1 cm/sec superimposed on temporal trends that reached maximum values of about 40 cm/sec. It is concluded that multifrequency backscatter ground-wave radar at HF constitutes a powerful technique for mapping current and its vertical profile in the top few meters of the ocean.
Book Synopsis The Air-Sea Interface by : M. A. Donelan
Download or read book The Air-Sea Interface written by M. A. Donelan and published by University of Miami Iberian Studies Institute. This book was released on 1996 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earth Resources: A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes (issue 61) by :
Download or read book Earth Resources: A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes (issue 61) written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Operational Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development by : M. Molenaar
Download or read book Operational Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development written by M. Molenaar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents papers from the 18th EARSeL Symposium, held in Enschede, Netherlands. The papers are followed by application-oriented contributions on specific themes such as land use and nature management; water quality and pollution monitoring; and coastal zone management.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Studies of Radar Scattering from Deep-water Breaking Waves by : Eric A. Ericson
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Studies of Radar Scattering from Deep-water Breaking Waves written by Eric A. Ericson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IGARSS '99 Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radar Imaging of the Ocean Waves by : Mikhail B. Kanevsky
Download or read book Radar Imaging of the Ocean Waves written by Mikhail B. Kanevsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to studying the ocean with radar tools, in particular, with space radars. Being intended mainly for the scientists preoccupied with the problem (as well as senior course students), it concentrates and generalizes the knowledge scattered over specialized journals. The significant part of the book contains the results obtained by the author. Systematically collects and describes the approaches used by different laboratories and institutions Deals with the physics of radar imagery and specifically with ocean surface imagery Useful for students and researchers specializing in the area of ocean remote sensing using airborne or space-borne radars, both SAR and RAR
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Remote Sensing by : Shunlin Liang
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Dependence of the Radar Modulation Transfer Function on Environmental Conditions and Wave Parameters (A Contribution to Studies of Radar Backscattering from the Sea Surface). Revision by : David E. Weissman
Download or read book The Dependence of the Radar Modulation Transfer Function on Environmental Conditions and Wave Parameters (A Contribution to Studies of Radar Backscattering from the Sea Surface). Revision written by David E. Weissman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report shows how the Modulation Transfer Function, an important quantity for remote microwave sensing of ocean wave spectra, will vary with environmental conditions that control the air-sea interaction. The accuracy with which this quantity is known will determine the quality of remote measurements of ocean wave spectra. Microwave remote sensing of individual ocean wavelengths (and the complete directional spectrum) is based on synchronized reflectivity variations along each wave, that the radar can resolve spatially. This study demonstrates that the MTF, which is the ratio of this reflectivity (amplitude of variation) to the ocean wave amplitude, is affected by the air-sea interaction, in addition to the hydrodynamic interaction between capillary and long gravity waves. Recent measurements by the Naval Research Laboratory of the ocean wave-radar modulation transfer function (MTF) from fixed ocean platforms, over a period of several years, have demonstrated that the local hydrodynamic modulation of short centimeter waves is affected by the air-sea interaction. Results from widely separated ocean regions also show different individual properties, that make detailed measurements necessary.
