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Modernizing Crime Statistics
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309441099 Total Pages :287 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Modernizing Crime Statistics by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Modernizing Crime Statistics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive statistics about crime â€" to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it â€" a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statisticsâ€"intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records â€"to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. The key distinction between the rigorous classification proposed in this report and the "classifications" that have come before in U.S. crime statistics is that it is intended to partition the entirety of behaviors that could be considered criminal offenses into mutually exclusive categories. Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime assesses and makes recommendations for the development of a modern set of crime measures in the United States and the best means for obtaining them. This first report develops a new classification of crime by weighing various perspectives on how crime should be defined and organized with the needs and demands of the full array of crime data users and stakeholders.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030947261X Total Pages :281 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 2 by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 2 written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive statistics about crime â€" to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it - a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statisticsâ€"intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records â€"to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. Report 1 performed a comprehensive reassessment of what is meant by crime in U.S. crime statistics and recommends a new classification of crime to organize measurement efforts. This second report examines methodological and implementation issues and presents a conceptual blueprint for modernizing crime statistics.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309472644 Total Pages :281 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 2 by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 2 written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive statistics about crime â€" to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it - a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statisticsâ€"intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records â€"to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. Report 1 performed a comprehensive reassessment of what is meant by crime in U.S. crime statistics and recommends a new classification of crime to organize measurement efforts. This second report examines methodological and implementation issues and presents a conceptual blueprint for modernizing crime statistics.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Modernizing the Nation's Crime Statistics Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309472623 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (726 download)
Book Synopsis Modernizing Crime Statistics by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Modernizing the Nation's Crime Statistics
Download or read book Modernizing Crime Statistics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Modernizing the Nation's Crime Statistics and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive statistics about crime âe" to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it - a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statisticsâe"intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records âe"to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. Report 1 performed a comprehensive reassessment of what is meant by crime in U.S. crime statistics and recommends a new classification of crime to organize measurement efforts. This second report examines methodological and implementation issues and presents a conceptual blueprint for modernizing crime statistics.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set by : J. C. Barnes
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set written by J. C. Barnes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIMINOLOGY & CRIMINAL JUSTICE The most comprehensive reference work on research designs and methods in criminology and criminal justice This Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice offers a comprehensive survey of research methodologies and statistical techniques that are popular in criminology and criminal justice systems across the globe. With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners in the field, it offers a clear insight into the techniques that are currently in use to answer the pressing questions in criminology and criminal justice. The Encyclopedia contains essential information from a diverse pool of authors about research designs grounded in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It includes information on popular datasets and leading resources of government statistics. In addition, the contributors cover a wide range of topics such as: the most current research on the link between guns and crime, rational choice theory, and the use of technology like geospatial mapping as a crime reduction tool. This invaluable reference work: Offers a comprehensive survey of international research designs, methods, and statistical techniques Includes contributions from leading figures in the field Contains data on criminology and criminal justice from Cambridge to Chicago Presents information on capital punishment, domestic violence, crime science, and much more Helps us to better understand, explain, and prevent crime Written for undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers, The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice is the first reference work of its kind to offer a comprehensive review of this important topic.
Book Synopsis Crime and Modernization by : Louise I. Shelley
Download or read book Crime and Modernization written by Louise I. Shelley and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this pioneering analysis of the influence exerted by modernization and socioeconomic evolution on patterns of crime, criminologist Louise I. Shelley asserts, "Society gets the type and level of criminality its conditions produce." Shelley investigates crime patterns in undeveloped capitalist countries, in developed capitalist countries, and in Socialist countries. Her study is unique in that she alone synthesizes historical accounts of crime and civil disorder with the literature of modern urban studies and contemporary criminality. Through her cross-cultural and historical approach she demonstrates that contrary to what seems apparent, the global profile of crime is not that of a maniacal pillaging monster. The monster is sane. Crime patterns are predictable. By analyzing the criminal population, recent crime trends, the impact of the criminal justice system, and the predominant values of society, Shelley makes informed predictions concerning the future state of criminality. Shelley addresses six issues. She considers ways in which modernization has affected rates of crime during the initial and later stages of a society's development. She asks how modernization affects the rates of occurrence of fundamental forms of crime. Another question is whether development changes the relationship between crimes against property and crimes of violence against people. Does the speed of the transition from undeveloped to developed society alter observable patterns of behavior? And finally, does modernization change the nature of the criminal population? In this book Shelley provides both historical and contemporary perspectives from which to view the impact of the developmental process on levels and forms of criminality. She synthesizes the large body of literature aimed at measuring the extent to which socioeconomic development produces similar changes in culturally distinct and geographically separated nations.
Book Synopsis Understanding Crime Trends by : National Research Council
Download or read book Understanding Crime Trends written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes over time in the levels and patterns of crime have significant consequences that affect not only the criminal justice system but also other critical policy sectors. Yet compared with such areas as health status, housing, and employment, the nation lacks timely information and comprehensive research on crime trends. Descriptive information and explanatory research on crime trends across the nation that are not only accurate, but also timely, are pressing needs in the nation's crime-control efforts. In April 2007, the National Research Council held a two-day workshop to address key substantive and methodological issues underlying the study of crime trends and to lay the groundwork for a proposed multiyear NRC panel study of these issues. Six papers were commissioned from leading researchers and discussed at the workshop by experts in sociology, criminology, law, economics, and statistics. The authors revised their papers based on the discussants' comments, and the papers were then reviewed again externally. The six final workshop papers are the basis of this volume, which represents some of the most serious thinking and research on crime trends currently available.
Book Synopsis GIS and the 2020 Census by : Amor Laaribi
Download or read book GIS and the 2020 Census written by Amor Laaribi and published by Esri Press. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Census workers need to capture and analyze information at the finest geographic level with mobile and geospatial-based technology. GIS and the 2020 Census: Modernizing Official Statistics provides statistical organizations with the most recent GIS methodologies and technological tools to support census workers' needs at all the stages of a census. Learn how to plan and carry out census work with GIS using new technologies for field data collection and operations management. After planning and collecting data, apply innovative solutions for performing statistical analysis, data integration and dissemination. Additional topics cover cloud computing, big data, Location as a Service (LaaS), and emerging data sources. While GIS and the 2020 Census focuses on using GIS and other geospatial technology in support of census planning and operations, it also offers guidelines for building a statistical-geospatial information infrastructure in support of the 2020 Round of Censuses, evidence-based decision making, and sustainable development. Case studies illustrate concepts in practice.
Download or read book Street Gangs written by Max G. Manwaring and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary thrust of the monograph is to explain the linkage of contemporary criminal street gangs (that is, the gang phenomenon or third generation gangs) to insurgency in terms f the instability it wreaks upon government and the concomitant challenge to state sovereignty. Although there are differences between gangs and insurgents regarding motives and modes of operations, this linkage infers that gang phenomena are mutated forms of urban insurgency. In these terms, these "new" nonstate actors must eventually seize political power in order to guarantee the freedom of action and the commercial environment they want. The common denominator that clearly links the gang phenomenon to insurgency is that the third generation gangs' and insurgents' ultimate objective is to depose or control the governments of targeted countries. As a consequence, the "Duck Analogy" applies. Third generation gangs look like ducks, walk like ducks, and act like ducks - a peculiar breed, but ducks nevertheless! This monograph concludes with recommendations for the United States and other countries to focus security and assistance responses at the strategic level. The intent is to help leaders achieve strategic clarity and operate more effectively in the complex politically dominated, contemporary global security arena.
Book Synopsis Data Visualization and Statistical Literacy for Open and Big Data by : Prodromou, Theodosia
Download or read book Data Visualization and Statistical Literacy for Open and Big Data written by Prodromou, Theodosia and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data visualization has emerged as a serious scholarly topic, and a wide range of tools have recently been developed at an accelerated pace to aid in this research area. Examining different ways of analyzing big data can result in increased efficiency for many corporations and organizations. Data Visualization and Statistical Literacy for Open and Big Data highlights methodological developments in the way that data analytics is both learned and taught. Featuring extensive coverage on emerging relevant topics such as data complexity, statistics education, and curriculum development, this publication is geared toward teachers, academicians, students, engineers, professionals, and researchers that are interested in expanding their knowledge of data examination and analysis.
Book Synopsis Modernizing Learning by : Jennifer J. Vogel-Walcutt
Download or read book Modernizing Learning written by Jennifer J. Vogel-Walcutt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309465370 Total Pages :195 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Federal Statistics, Multiple Data Sources, and Privacy Protection by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Federal Statistics, Multiple Data Sources, and Privacy Protection written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-27 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment for obtaining information and providing statistical data for policy makers and the public has changed significantly in the past decade, raising questions about the fundamental survey paradigm that underlies federal statistics. New data sources provide opportunities to develop a new paradigm that can improve timeliness, geographic or subpopulation detail, and statistical efficiency. It also has the potential to reduce the costs of producing federal statistics. The panel's first report described federal statistical agencies' current paradigm, which relies heavily on sample surveys for producing national statistics, and challenges agencies are facing; the legal frameworks and mechanisms for protecting the privacy and confidentiality of statistical data and for providing researchers access to data, and challenges to those frameworks and mechanisms; and statistical agencies access to alternative sources of data. The panel recommended a new approach for federal statistical programs that would combine diverse data sources from government and private sector sources and the creation of a new entity that would provide the foundational elements needed for this new approach, including legal authority to access data and protect privacy. This second of the panel's two reports builds on the analysis, conclusions, and recommendations in the first one. This report assesses alternative methods for implementing a new approach that would combine diverse data sources from government and private sector sources, including describing statistical models for combining data from multiple sources; examining statistical and computer science approaches that foster privacy protections; evaluating frameworks for assessing the quality and utility of alternative data sources; and various models for implementing the recommended new entity. Together, the two reports offer ideas and recommendations to help federal statistical agencies examine and evaluate data from alternative sources and then combine them as appropriate to provide the country with more timely, actionable, and useful information for policy makers, businesses, and individuals.
Book Synopsis Misleading DNA Evidence by : Peter Gill
Download or read book Misleading DNA Evidence written by Peter Gill and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Misleading DNA Evidence: A Guide for Scientists, Judges, and Lawyers presents the reasons miscarriages of justice can occur when dealing with DNA, what the role of the forensic scientist is throughout the process, and how judges and lawyers can educate themselves about all of the possibilities to consider when dealing with cases that involve DNA evidence. DNA has become the gold standard by which a person can be placed at the scene of a crime, and the past decade has seen great advances in this powerful crime solving tool. But the statistics that analysts can attach to DNA evidence often vary, and in some cases the statistical weight assigned to that match, can vary enormously. The numbers provided to juries often overstate the evidence, and can result in a wrongful conviction. In addition to statistics, the way the evidence is collected, stored and analyzed can also result in a wrongful conviction due to contamination. This book reviews high-profile and somewhat contentious cases to illustrate these points, including the death of Meredith Kercher. It examines crucial topics such as characterization of errors and determination of error rates, reporting DNA profiles and the source and sub-source levels, and the essentials of statement writing. It is a concise, readable resource that will help not only scientists, but legal professionals with limited scientific backgrounds, to understand the intricacies of DNA use in the justice system. - Ideal reference for scientists and for those without extensive scientific backgrounds - Written by one of the pioneers in forensic DNA typing and interpretation of DNA profiling results - Ideal format for travel, court environments, or wherever easy access to reference material is vital
Author :Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309298018 Total Pages :800 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (98 download)
Book Synopsis The Growth of Incarceration in the United States by : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Download or read book The Growth of Incarceration in the United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.
Book Synopsis Myths and Misunderstandings in White-Collar Crime by : Miriam H. Baer
Download or read book Myths and Misunderstandings in White-Collar Crime written by Miriam H. Baer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years, commentators have complained that white-collar crime is both over-criminalized and underenforced. This book transcends that debate and argues that white-collar crime's weaknesses arise out of a series of interlocking pathologies: in lawmaking, in enforcement, and in how we track and discuss enforcement.
Book Synopsis Modernizing Learning by : JJ Vogel-Walcutt
Download or read book Modernizing Learning written by JJ Vogel-Walcutt and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modernizing Learning: Building the Future Learning Ecosystem is an implementation blueprint for connecting learning experiences across time and space. This co-created plan represents an advancement of how and where learning will occur in the future. Extensive learning and technological research has been conducted across the myriad disciplines and communities needed to develop this holistic maturation of the learning continuum. These advancements have created the opportunity for formal and informal learning experiences to be accessible anywhere, anytime, and to be personalized to individual needs. However, for full implementation and maximal benefits for learners of all ages and within all communities to be achieved, it is necessary to centralize and coordinate the required connections across technology, learning science, and the greater supporting structures. Accordingly, the ADL Initiative has taken the lead in this coordination process, connecting Government, Military, Academia, Industry, and K-12 teachers, instructors, technologists, researchers, and implementers to create and execute a coordinated transition process. Input was included from stakeholders, communities, and supporting entities which will be involved in this advancement of the life-long learning ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Environmental Crimes and Criminal Enforcement by : Susan L. Smith
Download or read book Research Handbook on Environmental Crimes and Criminal Enforcement written by Susan L. Smith and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-07-05 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook thoroughly examines the difficult and rapidly expanding problem of national, transnational, and international environmental crimes, including air and water pollution, unlawful mining and timber harvesting, and transnational trafficking of endangered species. It provides an understanding of cutting-edge empirical and theoretical research on these crimes and their legal prosecution.
