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Modelling Carbon Sequestration And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated With Oil Palm Cultivation And Land Use Change In Malaysia
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Book Synopsis Modelling Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Oil Palm Cultivation and Land-use Change in Malaysia by : I. E. Henson
Download or read book Modelling Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Oil Palm Cultivation and Land-use Change in Malaysia written by I. E. Henson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling Carbon Sequestration and Emissions Related to Oil Palm Cultivation and Associated Land Use Change in Malaysia by : I. E. Henson
Download or read book Modelling Carbon Sequestration and Emissions Related to Oil Palm Cultivation and Associated Land Use Change in Malaysia written by I. E. Henson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MPOB Technology written by Ian E. Henson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OPCABSIM written by Ian E. Henson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Existing Methods for Carbon Accounting by : David Neil Bird
Download or read book Review of Existing Methods for Carbon Accounting written by David Neil Bird and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reducing green house gas emissions from oil palm in Indonesia: Lessons from East Kalimantan by : Zachary R Anderson
Download or read book Reducing green house gas emissions from oil palm in Indonesia: Lessons from East Kalimantan written by Zachary R Anderson and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key Messages National and provincial emissions reduction goals and efforts to slow deforestation may come into conflict with provincial and district level economic ambitions based on agricultural development.Around half of existing oil palm concessions in East Kalimantan are on forested and peatland areas. If developed, these plantations will release ~206 MtCO2e into the atmosphere.The expansion of oil palm plantations on currently allocated concessions will lead to the conversion of forested lands and swamp areas, including peatland, and represents a critical source of carbon emissions.To ensure the sustainability of plantation expansion the government needs to undertake a review of all existing plantation permits to ensure that they align with existing sustainability criteria.Green Growth does not present a win-win strategy and therefore requires strong political commitment, and awareness of social and environmental tradeoffs.
Book Synopsis The Tropical Oil Crop Revolution by : Derek Byerlee
Download or read book The Tropical Oil Crop Revolution written by Derek Byerlee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a broad synthesis of the major supply and demand drivers of the dramatic expansion of oil crops in the tropics; its economic, social, and environmental impacts; and the future outlook to 2050. It is a comprehensive review of the oil crop sector with a major focus on oil palm and soybeans, the two most dynamic crops in world agriculture in recent decades.
Book Synopsis The potential of oil palm and forest plantations for carbon sequestration on degraded land in Indonesia by : Syahrinudin
Download or read book The potential of oil palm and forest plantations for carbon sequestration on degraded land in Indonesia written by Syahrinudin and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant biomass represents a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the most important greenhouse gases and which is assumed to contribute more than half of the global warming. Establishing tree plantations or perennial crops on degraded land is an effective way to reduce atmospheric carbon by building up terrestrial carbon stocks, not only in the living biomass, but also in the soil. By converting Imperata cylindrica grassland into tree plantations (Acacia mangium or oil palm), aboveground biomass carbon can be increased about 20-fold and below ground biomass carbon up to 8-fold, while soil carbon can almost be doubled.
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Carbon Emissions, Land Use Change and the Oil Palm Industry Within Southeast Asia by : Savanna L Booth
Download or read book The Relationship Between Carbon Emissions, Land Use Change and the Oil Palm Industry Within Southeast Asia written by Savanna L Booth and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical forests store the largest amount of carbon globally by sequestering up to 2.7 Gt of carbon every year in soils and vegetation. Deforestation and the conversion of tropical peatland soil have contributed to global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, as well as significantly hindering tropical ecosystems and the natural carbon sequestration potential that could potentially help mitigate atmospheric CO2 levels. Deforestation has increased rapidly since the 1970's across Southeast Asia with oil palm contributing to 61% of deforestation between 2010 and 2015 with emissions reaching 22.1 million tons CO2-eq during that time. The conversions of tropical peatlands are a significant source of regional carbon emissions since the transformation of these soils both degrades carbon storage capacity, and increases emissions during the conversion process. Conversion processes for monoculture lead to long-term degradation and over the last four decades, emissions from tropical peatland modification has reached over 6 Gt CO2-eq. Land use change by fire, although a method of deforestation, emits the highest levels of CO2-eq during conversion. The conversion by fire also leads to an increased risk of wildfires within the area. As fire continues to be used as a method of land clearing, emissions and wildfires are expected to increase. There are two methods of oil palm extraction and production, wet and dry, and emissions from these processes average 3.03 and 1.69 tons CO2-eq/ha respectively. The wastewater treatment system implemented for wet extraction could either aid in decreasing or result in increased production emissions. A transition in production processes could decrease emissions by up to 47%. The evidence from the analysis was used to develop recommendations for carbon emission mitigation and land use change that results from the oil palm industry within Southeast Asia. These recommendations can be summarized into: discontinuing oil palm expansion on unsuitable land, promoting the movement towards sustainable oil palm production through sustainability certification processes as well as discontinuing fire related conversion processes, and already established plantations should transition from wet to dry extraction processes to reduce overall emissions; however, if this is not economically feasible, the implementation of a biogas capture system would aid in emission reduction.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 1 by : Liangtong Zhan
Download or read book Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 1 written by Liangtong Zhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected papers presented at the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (ICEG), held on October 28 - November 1, 2018 in Hangzhou, China. The theme of the congress is “Towards a Sustainable Geoenvironment”, which means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Under this theme, the congress covers a broad range of topics and provides an excellent opportunity for academics, engineers, scientists, government officials, regulators, and planners to present, discuss and exchange notes on the latest advances and developments in the research and application of environmental geotechnics.
Book Synopsis Carbon Stocks and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Forest Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations in Tanjung Puting Tropical Peatlands, Indonesia by : Nisa Novita
Download or read book Carbon Stocks and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Forest Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations in Tanjung Puting Tropical Peatlands, Indonesia written by Nisa Novita and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses gaps of knowledge associated with how ecosystem carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions are affected by land use land cover change in tropical peatlands. This was the first study that paired peat swamp forests with oil palm plantations and analyzed site scale variation on greenhouse gas emissions. This study was conducted over 16 months (September 2012 to December 2013) at Tanjung Puting, Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Three main objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify the total ecosystem carbon stocks and potential carbon emissions from peat swamp forest conversion to oil palm plantations; 2) to measure annual soil emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from forests and oil palm plantations; and 3) to assess the effects of fertilizer application on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) emissions in the immature oil palm plantations. The ecosystem carbon stock of primary peat swamp forests (1770 ± 123 Mg C/ha) was 2.3 times greater than in oil palm plantations (759 ± 36 Mg C/ha). The estimate of potential emissions from forest conversion on shallow peat in this study (3710 ± 321 Mg CO2e/ha) was one of the highest emissions derived from land use change activity in the tropics. Most of the total carbon losses were produced from belowground carbon pool, which mainly due to the depletion of soil C pools. These findings suggest that the conversion of shallow peat swamp forest may result in emissions that are as high as those arising from conversion on deep peats. We found that the conversion of tropical peat swamp forests resulted in lower CO2 and methane emissions but higher N2O emissions. Soil CO2 emissions were higher in the forests (14.9 ± 0.6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) than in the oil palm plantations (12.1 ± 0.4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). Methane emissions were insignificant (0.4 ± 2.0 kg C ha−1 yr−1) in the drained plantations and high (52.4 ± 10.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1) in the swamp forests. The annual N2O emissions were negligible in the peat swamp forests (0.5 ± 0.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and were substantially higher in plantations (5.5 ± 0.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1). In the fertilized area, we found that N addition stimulated N2O and CO2 emissions, but had no significant effect on CH4 emissions. Based on local standard fertilization practices, the mean daily N2O and CO2 emissions were 3.5 and 1.2 times higher in the fertilized treatment than in the control treatment. The presence of oil palm in the under canopy area significantly reduced N2O emissions but increased CO2 emissions following nitrogen addition. However, fertilization did not affect N2O and CO2 emissions at a plot level in the immature oil palm plantations. Overall, our results emphasize the high urgency to conserve remaining tropical peat swamp forests by restricting oil palm plantation expansion on peat in support of global climate change mitigation efforts.
Book Synopsis Conversion of intact peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation by : Louis-Pierre Comeau
Download or read book Conversion of intact peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation written by Louis-Pierre Comeau and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-02-23 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical peatlands are among the largest pedologic pools of organic carbon. This study compared soil CO2 fluxes in an intact peat swamp forest, a transitional logged drained forest and an oil palm plantation located on the same alluvial peat plain (peat dome) in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Dynamic closed chambers were used to measure soil CO2 efflux from January to September 2012. Chambers were placed in pairs, with one close to a tree/palm and the other at mid-distance to the next tree/palm. In the oil palm plantation additional chambers were placed in frond decomposing lines and tertiary drainage canals. During the experiment, air and soil temperatures, water table level and rainfall were recorded. The fluxes were significantly larger in the oil palm plantation (28.4 ± 1.2 Mg C-CO2 ha1 y1) than in the transitional logged drained forest (18.5 ± 0.7 Mg C-CO2 ha1 y1) and in the intact peat swamp forest (16.0 ± 1.2 Mg C-CO2 ha1 y1). The CO2 fluxes were spatially variable according to distance to tree/ palm or when emitted from tertiary drainage canals but no clear trend was detected. A significant but weak relationship was found between CO2 fluxes and water table level in the peat swamp forest. Soil CO2 emissions in oil palm plantations were higher than those reported from Borneo by other authors. The soil CO2 flux should be separated into its auto- and heterotrophic components and balanced with C inputs and other C outputs in further studies to determine soil net atmospheric impacts on the climate system of this land-use change.
Book Synopsis Large-scale plantations, bioenergy developments and land use change in Indonesia by : Anne Casson
Download or read book Large-scale plantations, bioenergy developments and land use change in Indonesia written by Anne Casson and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indonesia's forests make up one of the worlds most biologically diverse ecosystems. They have long been harvested by local people to meet their daily needs. Since the 1970s, a combination of demographic, economic and policy factors has driven forest exploitation at the industrial scale and resulted in growing deforestation. Key factors behind the forest loss and land use change in present-day Indonesia are the expansion of oil palm, plywood production and pulp and paper industries. Oil palm has been one of the fastest-growing sectors of the Indonesian economy, increasing from less than 1 million hectares in 1991 to 8.9 million hectares in 2011. The plywood and pulp and paper industries have also expanded significantly since the log export ban in 1985. All three sectors have contributed to deforestation. Several measures are being taken to reduce the loss of tropical forests in Indonesia. These measures are driven by growing global concern about the impact of deforestation on biodiversity and global warming and the Indonesian governments commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A major policy initiative revolves around developing renewable energy from biomass that can be sourced from oil palm, sugar, cassava, jatropha and timber plantations. This paper analyzes these measures and assesses the conditions under which they may be most effective.
Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld
Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.
Book Synopsis Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability by : Marina Fischer-Kowalski
Download or read book Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability written by Marina Fischer-Kowalski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arising from a scientific conference marking the 100th anniversary of her birth, this book honors the life and work of the social scientist and diplomat Ester Boserup, who blazed new trails in her interdisciplinary approach to development and sustainability.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Through Land Use Decision Making in Malaysia by : Sharifah Zubaidah Abdul Kader
Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Through Land Use Decision Making in Malaysia written by Sharifah Zubaidah Abdul Kader and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change in Malaysia has seen the rise in sea levels, the occurrence of floods and landslides, coastal and land erosion, drought, forest fires and haze. Malaysia signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ('UNFCC') in 1993 and ratified it in 1994. Malaysia also ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2004. The UNFCC prescribes two main strategies to address climate change namely, adaptation and mitigation. Adaptation refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. Mitigation, on the other hand, refers to actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (one of the main causes of global warming) and to enhance carbon sinks to lessen the impacts of climate change. Land use decision making is the process of arriving at decisions by approving authorities in respect of approving or rejecting applications relating to land, planning, building and the environment. Approving authorities, when treating such applications, are primarily bound by the respective laws governing such applications as well as policies and directives of any federal supervisory body and departmental guidelines. Land use decision making is a potential tool that could be tapped by the Malaysian government to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. This paper aims to examine this potential from a macro angle through qualitative means by firstly, identifying the policies and agendas for action that are already in place and secondly, identifying the main approving authorities within the legal and institutional framework in the land use decision making process that could make a difference by incorporating such policies and agendas for action. The paper concludes that such framework already exists at federal level but needs to be properly cascaded and implemented at the state and local government levels to see effective adaptation and mitigation. It offers suggestions on how this can be done through legal and institutional reform.
Book Synopsis The Potential Usage of Oil Palm Biomass for the Production of Energy by : Vijaiananth Viramuthu
Download or read book The Potential Usage of Oil Palm Biomass for the Production of Energy written by Vijaiananth Viramuthu and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia, being one of the largest producers of oil palm worldwide, has great potential in developing its oil palm biomass energy sector. Biomass is a clean form of energy and in the long run, can help mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon sequestration. There is a huge potential of biomass energy in palm oil wastes, but only about 5 % is currently being harnessed for energy. More than 95 % of oil palm wastes produced in Malaysia are used as mulch, fertilizer and in the production of palm related wood products. Therefore in this work, a study was conducted to evaluate the biomass energy potential from palm oil throughout its useful life of 25 years. The problems and challenges faced by palm oil industries in developing their palm based biomass energy are also adressed.
