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Modelisation Globale Des Interactions Atmosphere Aerosols
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Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales by : Yuan Wang
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
Book Synopsis Review and Integration of Biosphere-Atmosphere Modelling of Reactive Trace Gases and Volatile Aerosols by : Raia Silvia Massad
Download or read book Review and Integration of Biosphere-Atmosphere Modelling of Reactive Trace Gases and Volatile Aerosols written by Raia Silvia Massad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When considering biosphere–atmosphere exchange of trace gases and volatile aerosols, significant advances have been made both from an experimental and modelling point of view and on several scales. This was particularly stimulated by the availability of new datasets generated from improvements in analytical methods and flux measurement techniques. Recent research advances allow us, not only to identify major mechanisms and factors affecting the exchanges between the biosphere and the atmosphere, but also to recognize several gaps in the methodologies used in accounting for emissions and deposition in landscape and global scale models. This work aims at (i) reviewing exchange processes and modelling schemes, parameterisations and datasets, (ii) presenting a common conceptual framework to model soil-vegetation-atmosphere exchange of reactive trace gases and aerosols accounting for in-canopy transfer chemical interactions and (iii) discussing the key elements of the agreed framework.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Claudio Tomasi
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts by :
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts by : Mian Chin
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by Mian Chin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) critically reviews current knowledge about global distributions and properties of atmospheric aerosols, as they relate to aerosol impacts on climate. It assesses possible next steps aimed at substantially reducing uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates. Current measurement techniques and modeling approaches are summarized, providing context. The objectives of this report are: (1) to promote a consensus about the knowledge base for climate change decision support; and (2) to provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the climate-relevant impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. Illustrations.
Book Synopsis Modélisation globale des interactions atmosphère-aérosols by : Martin Menegoz
Download or read book Modélisation globale des interactions atmosphère-aérosols written by Martin Menegoz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosols influence the Earth radiative budget, both scattering and absorbing solar radiation and through their interactions with clouds. Before quantifying the impact of aerosols on climate, it is necessary to evaluate their concentration in the atmosphere. This is the topic of this work. In particular, three aerosols are studied : sulphate, black-carbon and desert dust. Multi-year simulations are analysed over Europe and high latitudes as a first step and at the global scale as a second step. They are compared with observations and with simulations performed by other models. Our model describe the atmospheric concentration of aerosols quite well. Mains sinks and sources are put forward for each aerosol, which allows to identify ways to better simulate their atmospheric distribution.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Olivier Boucher
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Olivier Boucher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook aims to be a one stop shop for those interested in aerosols and their impact on the climate system. It starts with some fundamentals on atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radiation and cloud physics, then goes into techniques used for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols, data assimilation, and discusses aerosol-radiation interactions, aerosol-cloud interactions and the multiple impacts of aerosols on the climate system. The book aims to engage those interested in aerosols and their impacts on the climate system: graduate and PhD students, but also post-doctorate fellows who are new to the field or would like to broaden their knowledge. The book includes exercises at the end of most chapters. Atmospheric aerosols are small (microscopic) particles in suspension in the atmosphere, which play multiple roles in the climate system. They interact with the energy budget through scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation. They also serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei with impacts on the formation, evolution and properties of clouds. Finally aerosols also interact with some biogeochemical cycles. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols are responsible for a cooling effect that has masked part of the warming due to the increased greenhouse effect since pre-industrial time. Natural aerosols also respond to climate changes as shown by observations of past climates and modelling of the future climate.
Book Synopsis Development of an Interactive Model for Studying Aerosol-climate Interactions Using the Canadian Aerosol Module---Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model Modeling Framework by : Tarek Ayash
Download or read book Development of an Interactive Model for Studying Aerosol-climate Interactions Using the Canadian Aerosol Module---Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model Modeling Framework written by Tarek Ayash and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Canadian Aerosol Module (CAM) was developed for simulating the atmospheric cycling of aerosols, with the Third Generation Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model (CCC GCM III) as its climatological driver. By accounting dynamically for the direct radiative interactions of the CAM-simulated aerosols in the CCC GCM III, a model framework for simulating aerosol-climate interactions is established. This is realized by developing and integrating a more-accurate radiative transfer code for solar radiation computations, and another code for computing the optical parameters of aerosols. Model simulations using the radiative transfer code, which is developed based on the delta-four-stream (DFS) method, reveal significant changes in the GCM solar flux computations compared to the original scheme that uses less-accurate two-stream parameterization methods. Monthly-zonal averages of differences in the modeled fluxes are within 2 W m-2 for clear-sky and 10 W m-2 for whole-sky fluxes, with these differences exceeding 20 and -30 W m-2, respectively. The aerosol climatology and optical properties simulated by the established model framework are validated by comparison to observational data of aerosol surface concentration, sun-photometer, satellite, and lidar measurements. Fairly good agreement is found between modeled and measured aerosol optical properties. However, the validation suggests possible shortcomings in the simulated seasonal peaks and coarse-mode fractions of soil-dust aerosols, carbonaceous aerosol emissions and atmospheric loading of organic-carbon aerosols. The established model framework is applied to study the radiative effects of the two natural aerosol species, soil dust and sea salt. Modeled direct radiative effect of soil dust ( -0.60 to -0.82 W m-2, top-of-atmosphere global-annual mean) suggests a stronger overall cooling than estimates by other models ( -0.40 to 0.36 W m-2). Globally, sea-salt's shortwave indirect effect ( -0.38 W m-2) is found to be less than its direct effect ( -0.65 W m-2), but would exceed it over the remote oceanic regions of the Southern Hemisphere. These results provide the first global model estimates of the indirect radiative effect of sea-salt aerosol. While enabling more realistic climate simulations by the GCM, the established model framework can be applied to study various challenging research problems related to the radiative and climate effects of aerosols.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System by : Philip Mote
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System written by Philip Mote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-04-30 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 21. Simulating Future Climate G. J. Boer 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 2 International Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . 490 3 Simulating Historical and Future Climate 492 4 Climate Change in the 20th Century . . . 495 5 Simulating Future Climate Change 498 6 Climate Impact, Adaptation, and Mitigation 501 7 Summary . 502 Index 505 PREFACE Numerical modeling ofthe global atmosphere has entered a new era. Whereas atmospheric modeling was once the domain ofa few research units at universities or government laboratories, it can now be performed almost anywhere thanks to the affordability of computing power. Atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) are being used by a rapidly growing scientific community in a wide range of applications. With widespread interest in anthropogenic climate change, GCMs have a role also in informing policy discussions. Many of the scientists using GCMs have backgrounds in fields other than atmospheric sciences and may be unaware of how GCMs are constructed. Recognizing this explosion in the application of GCMs, we organized a two week course in order to give young scientists who are relatively new to the field of atmospheric modeling a thorough grounding in the basic principles on which GCMs are constructed, an insight into their strengths and weaknesses, and guid ance on how meaningful numerical experiments are formulated and analyzed. Sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and other institu tions, this Advanced Study Institute (ASI) took place May 25-June 5, 1998, at II Ciocco, a remote hotel on a Tuscan hillside in Italy.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Properties by : Kirill Ya. Kondratyev
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties written by Kirill Ya. Kondratyev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of how aerosols form in the atmosphere through in situ processes as well as via transport from the surface (dust storms, seas spray, biogenic emissions, forest fires etc.). Such an analysis has been followed by the consideration of both observation data (various field observational experiments) and numerical modeling results to assess climate impacts of aerosols bearing in mind that these impacts are the most significant uncertainty in studying natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change.
Book Synopsis Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. IV) by : Seon Ki Park
Download or read book Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. IV) written by Seon Ki Park and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the most recent progress in data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and hydrology including land surface. It spans both theoretical and applicative aspects with various methodologies such as variational, Kalman filter, ensemble, Monte Carlo and artificial intelligence methods. Besides data assimilation, other important topics are also covered including adaptive observations, sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation and AI applications. The book is useful to individual researchers as well as graduate students for a reference in the field of data assimilation.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions by : Peter V. Hobbs
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions written by Peter V. Hobbs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-07-22 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Claudio Tomasi
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Book Synopsis Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models by : Yangang Liu
Download or read book Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models written by Yangang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-27 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Hayder Abdul-Razzak
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Hayder Abdul-Razzak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is divided into two sections. The first section presents characterization of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate from East Asia to the Pacific. Ground-based, air-born, and satellite data were collected and analyzed. Detailed information about measurement techniques and atmospheric conditions were provided as well. In the second section, authors provide detailed information about the organic and inorganic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. They discuss the chemical and physical processes, temporal and spatial distribution, emissions, formation, and transportation of aerosol particles. In addition, new measurement techniques are introduced. This book hopes to serve as a useful resource to resolve some of the issues associated with the complex nature of the interaction between atmospheric aerosols and climatology.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols Characterization, Chemistry, Modeling and Climate by : Kalliat T Valsaraj
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols Characterization, Chemistry, Modeling and Climate written by Kalliat T Valsaraj and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols, the chemistry of aerosols, and the interplay between aerosol modeling and global climate changes. This book helps to understand nature of aerosols and their role in the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Modeling Aerosol - Water Interactions in Subsaturated and Supersaturated Environments by : Christos Fountoukis
Download or read book Modeling Aerosol - Water Interactions in Subsaturated and Supersaturated Environments written by Christos Fountoukis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current dissertation is motivated by the need for an improved understanding of aerosol -- water interactions both in subsaturated and supersaturated atmospheric conditions with a strong emphasis on air pollution and climate change modeling. A cloud droplet formation parameterization was developed to i) predict droplet formation from a lognormal representation of aerosol size distribution and composition, and, ii) include a size-dependant mass transfer coefficient for the growth of water droplets which explicitly accounts for the impact of organics on droplet growth kinetics. The parameterization unravels most of the physics of droplet formation and is in remarkable agreement with detailed numerical parcel model simulations, even for low values of the accommodation coefficient. The parameterization offers a much needed rigorous and computationally inexpensive framework for directly linking complex chemical effects on aerosol activation in global climate models. The new aerosol activation parameterization was also tested against observations from highly polluted clouds (within the vicinity of power plant plumes). Remarkable closure was achieved (much less than the 20% measurement uncertainty). The error in predicted cloud droplet concentration was mostly sensitive to updraft velocity. Optimal closure is obtained if the water vapor uptake coefficient is equal to 0.06. These findings can serve as much needed constraints in modeling of aerosol-cloud interactions in the North America. Aerosol -- water interactions in ambient relative humidities less than 100% were studied using a thermodynamic equilibrium model for inorganic aerosol and a three dimensional air quality model. We developed a new thermodynamic equilibrium model, ISORROPIA-II, which predicts the partitioning of semi-volatiles and the phase state of K+/Ca2+/Mg2+/NH4+/Na+/SO42-/NO3-/Cl-/H2O aerosols. A comprehensive evaluation of its performance was conducted against the thermodynamic module SCAPE2 over a wide range of atmospherically relevant conditions. Based on its computational rigor and performance, ISORROPIA-II appears to be a highly attractive alternative for use in large scale air quality and atmospheric transport models. The new equilibrium model was also used to thermodynamically characterize aerosols measured at a highly polluted area. In the ammonia-rich environment of Mexico City, nitrate and chloride primarily partition in the aerosol phase with a 20-min equilibrium timescale; PM2.5 is insensitive to changes in ammonia but is to acidic semivolatile species. When RH is below 50%, predictions improve substantially if the aerosol follows a deliquescent behavior. The impact of including crustal species (Ca2+, K+, M2+) in equilibrium calculations within a three dimensional air quality model was also studied. A significant change in aerosol water ( -19.8%) and ammonium ( -27.5%) concentrations was predicted when crustals are explicitly included in the calculations even though they contributed, on average, only a few percent of the total PM2.5 mass, highlighting the need for comprehensive thermodynamic calculations in the presence of dust.
