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Modeling The Effects Of Physical And Biogeochemical Processes On Phytoplankton Species And Carbon Production In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean
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Book Synopsis Modeling the Effects of Physical and Biogeochemical Processes on Phytoplankton Species and Carbon Production in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean by : Bariş Salihoğlu
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Physical and Biogeochemical Processes on Phytoplankton Species and Carbon Production in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean written by Bariş Salihoğlu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms by : Lasse H. Pettersson
Download or read book Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Lasse H. Pettersson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of Harmful Algae Blooms is a timely guide to the research techniques in use to monitor visible algae blooms and through remote sensing, including infrared techniques, predict them through mathematical modeling. Drawing on current and future satellite data, the book presents visible perspectives on a more efficient HAB monitoring system for the future. It also emphasizes practical applications, impacting on marine ecology, national economy, health, food and safety and quality assurance.
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemistry by : Michael J.R. Fasham
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Book Synopsis Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes by : Geoffrey T. Evans
Download or read book Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes written by Geoffrey T. Evans and published by Berlin : Springer-Verlag. This book was released on 1993 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling the Plankton–Enhancing the Integration of Biological Knowledge and Mechanistic Understanding by : Christian Lindemann
Download or read book Modeling the Plankton–Enhancing the Integration of Biological Knowledge and Mechanistic Understanding written by Christian Lindemann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of climate change and allied changes to marine ecosystems, mathematical models have become an important tool to examine processes and predict phenomena from local through to global scales. In recent years model studies, laboratory experiments and a better ecological understanding of the pelagic ecosystem have enabled advancements on fundamental challenges in oceanography, including marine production, biodiversity and anticipation of future conditions in the ocean. This research topic presents a number of studies that investigate functionally diverse organism in a dynamic ocean through diverse and novel modeling approaches.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea by : Paul G. Falkowski
Download or read book Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea written by Paul G. Falkowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes in the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the fluxes of many important elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon. As we come to the end of the 20th century, oceanographers have increasingly focussed on how these elements are cycled within the ocean, the interdependencies of these cycles, and the effect of the cycle on the composition of the earth's atmosphere and climate. Many techniques and tools have been developed or adapted over the past decade to help in this effort. These include satellite sensors of upper ocean phytoplankton distributions, flow cytometry, molecular biological probes, sophisticated moored and shipboard instrumentation, and vastly increased numerical modeling capabilities. This volume is the result of the 37th Brookhaven Symposium in Biology, in which a wide spectrum of oceanographers, chemists, biologists, and modelers discussed the progress in understanding the role of primary producers in biogeochemical cycles. The symposium is dedicated to Dr. Richard W. Eppley, an intellectual giant in biological oceanography, who inspired a generation of scientists to delve into problems of understanding biogeochemical cycles in the sea. We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Special thanks to Claire Lamberti for her help in producing this volume.
Book Synopsis Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science by :
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Book Synopsis Biological Control of Vertical Carbon Flux in the California Current and Equatorial Pacific by : Michael Raymond Stukel
Download or read book Biological Control of Vertical Carbon Flux in the California Current and Equatorial Pacific written by Michael Raymond Stukel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "biological pump" is a key component in the global biogeochemistry of carbon dioxide that is sensitive, through a multitude of ecological interactions of euphotic zone plankton, to climatic fluctuations. In this dissertation I address the biological control of vertical carbon flux out of the surface ocean in two regions of the Pacific Ocean. I begin by addressing the hypothesis that most export production in the equatorial Pacific is derived from the primary production of picophytoplankton. Using inverse ecosystem modeling techniques to synthesize detailed rate measurements I show that eukaryotic phytoplankton are the dominant producers of eventually exported material and that export comes after processing by mesozooplankton, but that the results of inverse modeling studies are dependent upon subjective decisions about model structure, input data, and solution schemes. I then move on to studies in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE), where a combination of my own in situ measurements of vertical carbon export and collaborators' measurements of key planktonic rates allow me to address the question of what constitutes sinking flux in this coastal upwelling biome. I begin with simple trophic cycling relationships that use phytoplankton growth, micro- and mesozooplankton grazing, and simple assumptions about organismal efficiency, and show that fecal pellet production could account for the magnitude and variability in carbon export measured by 234Th disequilibrium during a cruise in May 2006. I then utilize inverse modeling techniques to show that on two spring cruises the contribution of grazing products to export was substantially greater than that of gravitational sinking of phytoplankton, and also that Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods do an accurate job of solving inverse ecosystem models. Finally, I use sediment trap samples to directly assess the contribution of fecal pellets to vertical flux, finding that mesozooplankton pellets were the dominant component of flux during the spring, but that during a fall cruise their contribution was variable, with flux becoming increasingly dominated by non-pigmented small material and marine snow as productivity decreased.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of the Plankton Off La Jolla, California by : J. D. H. Strickland
Download or read book The Ecology of the Plankton Off La Jolla, California written by J. D. H. Strickland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change and Response of Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Landmasses by : Hodaka Kawahata
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Response of Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Landmasses written by Hodaka Kawahata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the global warming mechanism, global mapping of primary production was carried out under the GCMAPS program. The program was concerned with marine and terrestrial environmental changes, which affect carbon cycle on the regional and global scales. On the regional scale, warm phase of ENSO (El Niño / Southern Oscillation) has been shown to affect economic activities in many countries. The keyword for understanding mechanism of global warming is ‘primary productivity’. The earth observation satellites (EOS) like the ADEOS of Japan, and the SeaWiFS, Sea Star and Terra of the U.S.A. provided much required data for modeling and verification of primary production estimates on both land and ocean. The knowledge gained during the GCMAPS program has been documented in this book. Interpretation of the data suggests that global warming, which causes temperature and sea level rise, and changes in climate and ecosystems, is likely to have the largest influence on mankind. The first half of this book discuss changes in marine environments. Physical and chemical oceanographic properties of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans are presented. Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, flux and composition of settling particles and biological communities in the surface ocean have also been discussed. In addition to this, over hundred years of environmental records based upon coral skeletons are presented. Estimations of primary production and its utilization in validating satellite imagery data were conducted in the western North Pacific. Primary productivity estimates based upon the validated satellite imagery are presented on the global scale. Climate change modeling of primary production in global oceans is also presented. The latter half of this book deals with changes in terrestrial environments. Primary productivity estimates for different types of ecosystems (e.g., forest, grassland) are presented together with soil carbon dynamics. Also, biomass and productivity estimation and environmental monitoring based upon remote sensing techniques are presented with a model analysis of the relationship between climate perturbations and carbon budget anomalies in global terrestrial ecosystems. This book elucidates integrated aspects of the global carbon cycle involving marine and terrestrial environments. Discusses a current understanding of the biogeochemical processes on land and ocean Provides global mapping of primary production based on satellite imagery data and modelling Presents the latest interpretations of relationships between carbon cycle and climatic change
Book Synopsis The U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project by :
Download or read book The U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Light in Aquatic Ecosystems: Variability & Ecological Consequences by : Patrick J. Neale
Download or read book Climate Change and Light in Aquatic Ecosystems: Variability & Ecological Consequences written by Patrick J. Neale and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Marine Environment by : Douglas G. Capone
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Douglas G. Capone and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 1757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of Nitrogen in the Marine Environment was published in 1983, it has been recognized as the standard in the field. In the time since the book first appeared, there has been tremendous growth in the field with unprecedented discoveries over the past decade that have fundamentally changed the view of the marine nitrogen cycle. As a result, this Second Edition contains twice the amount of information that the first edition contained. This updated edition is now available online, offering searchability and instant, multi-user access to this important information. *The classic text, fully updated to reflect the rapid pace of discovery *Provides researchers and students in oceanography, chemistry, and marine ecology an understanding of the marine nitrogen cycle *Available online with easy access and search - the information you need, when you need it
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics by : Jorge L. Sarmiento
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics written by Jorge L. Sarmiento and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics provides a broad theoretical framework upon which graduate students and upper-level undergraduates can formulate an understanding of the processes that control the mean concentration and distribution of biologically utilized elements and compounds in the ocean. Though it is written as a textbook, it will also be of interest to more advanced scientists as a wide-ranging synthesis of our present understanding of ocean biogeochemical processes. The first two chapters of the book provide an introductory overview of biogeochemical and physical oceanography. The next four chapters concentrate on processes at the air-sea interface, the production of organic matter in the upper ocean, the remineralization of organic matter in the water column, and the processing of organic matter in the sediments. The focus of these chapters is on analyzing the cycles of organic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients. The next three chapters round out the authors' coverage of ocean biogeochemical cycles with discussions of silica, dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, and CaCO3. The final chapter discusses applications of ocean biogeochemistry to our understanding of the role of the ocean carbon cycle in interannual to decadal variability, paleoclimatology, and the anthropogenic carbon budget. The problem sets included at the end of each chapter encourage students to ask critical questions in this exciting new field. While much of the approach is mathematical, the math is at a level that should be accessible to students with a year or two of college level mathematics and/or physics.
Book Synopsis U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project by : Scott Christopher Doney
Download or read book U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project written by Scott Christopher Doney and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The field data collected as part of the international Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) provide an unprecedented view of marine biogeochemistry and the ocean carbon cycle. Following the completion of a series of regional process studies, a global CO2 survey, and a decade of sampling at two open-ocean time-series, US JGOFS initiated in 1997 a final research phase, the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP). The objective of the US JGOFS SMP is to 'synthesize knowledge gained from the US JGOFS and related studies into a set of models that reflect our current understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle'. Here we present an overview of the SMP and highlight the early scientific results from the project"--Abstract, p. [1]
Book Synopsis Sensitivity of Phytoplankton to Climate Change by : Miriam Seifert
Download or read book Sensitivity of Phytoplankton to Climate Change written by Miriam Seifert and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine phytoplankton constitutes about half of the primary production on Earth. It forms the base of the marine food web and is a pivotal player in the marine biological carbon pump. The primary environmental drivers that control phytoplankton growth are temperature, nutrient availability, light, and the concentration of inorganic carbon species. Ongoing climate change modifies these drivers, leading to a warming, high-CO2 ocean with altered nutrient availabilities and light regimes. Changes in phytoplankton productivity and community composition resulting from these newly emerging environmental states in the ocean have important implications for the marine ecosystem and carbon cycling. Biogeochemical ocean models are used to investigate how marine primary production may be affected by future climate change under different emission scenarios. Phytoplankton growth rates in models are typically determined by functions describing growth dependencies on temperature, light, and nutrients. However, a large body of laboratory studies on phytoplankton responses to environmental drivers reveals two points that are usually not considered in current biogeochemical models. Firstly, phytoplankton growth can be considerably modified by the state of the carbonate system. Changes in inorganic carbon species concentrations can be either growth-enhancing (CO2(aq) and bicarbonate are substrates for photosynthesis), or growth-dampening (increasing CO2(aq) levels lead to a shift in the carbonate equilibria and result in a pH decrease, a process which is called ocean acidification). Functions describing this growth dependence of phytoplankton on the carbonate system have not been implemented in large-scale ocean biogeochemical models so far. Secondly, growth responses towards one driver can be modified if the level of another driver is changing. Functions including these so-called interactive driver effects partly exist in models (e.g. the response to varying light levels may depend on the nutrient limitation term). However, the large number of laboratory studies on multiple driver effects has never been used to constrain driver interactions in large-scale ocean biogeochemical models. This holds especially true for the findings of growth responses to driver interactions that include ocean acidification, which make up the largest share of laboratory experiments. This thesis aims to investigate sensitivities of marine phytoplankton to changing CO2(aq) levels as well as to interactive effects between CO2 and other environmental drivers. A comprehensive and reproducible literature search in combination with a statistical analysis (Publication I) reveals that increasing CO2(aq) levels robustly dampen the growth-increasing effects of warming and improving light conditions. In addition, the results show that the calcifying phytoplankton group of coccolithophores experiences the strongest negative effects by ocean acidification compared to other phytoplankton groups. A second study (Publication II) examines the effects of mechanistically described carbonate system dependencies on primary production and community composition in a model. To this end, carbonate system dependencies of phytoplankton growth and and coccolithophore calcification are implemented into the global biogeochemical ocean model REcoM. The study shows that responses to ocean acidification cascade on growth responses to other drivers, which partly balance or counteract the direct impact of the carbonate system on growth rates. In addition, warming is identified as the main driver of the observed recent increase of coccolithophore biomass in the North Atlantic. A final study (Publication III) investigates the interactive effects between CO2 and temperature as well as between CO2 and light on phytoplankton biomass and community composition in a high emission scenario. For the parametrization in REcoM, growth responses to interacting drivers as synthesized in Publication I are used. The decrease of global future phytoplankton biomass and net community production by the end of the century is similar in simulations with and without driver interactions (-6% and -8%, respectively). However, phytoplankton responses to future climate conditions are considerably modified on a regional scale and the share of individual phytoplankton groups in the community changes both globally and regionally when accounting for multiple driver effects. Globally, diatoms and coccolithophores are impacted more and small phytoplankton less severely by future oceanic conditions when accounting for driver interactions. Future projections of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton community are modified most dramatically with the new interactive growth formulation, as diatoms and coccolithophores become less and small phytoplankton more abundant, while it is the other way round in simulations without driver interactions. The thesis highlights 1) that the carbonate system is a critical growth-modifying driver for phytoplankton in a high-CO2 ocean, which can furthermore modify growth responses to other drivers substantially, and 2) that driver interactions have considerable effects on climate-change induced alterations in the phytoplankton community as well as on regional biomass changes in a future ocean.
