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Modeling Of Ion Exchange For Cesium Removal From Dissolved Saltcake In Srs Tanks 1 3 37 And 41
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Book Synopsis MODELING OF ION-EXCHANGE FOR CESIUM REMOVAL FROM DISSOLVED SALTCAKE IN SRS TANKS 1-3, 37 AND 41 by :
Download or read book MODELING OF ION-EXCHANGE FOR CESIUM REMOVAL FROM DISSOLVED SALTCAKE IN SRS TANKS 1-3, 37 AND 41 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an evaluation of the expected performance of engineered Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) and spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) ion exchange resin for the removal of cesium from dissolved saltcake in SRS Tanks 1-3, 37 and 41. The application presented in this report reflects the expected behavior of engineered CST IE-911 and spherical RF resin manufactured at the intermediate-scale (approximately 100 gallon batch size; batch 5E-370/641). It is generally believed that scale-up to production-scale in RF resin manufacturing will result in similarly behaving resin batches whose chemical selectivity is unaffected while total capacity per gram of resin may vary. As such, the predictions provided within this report should provide reasonable estimates of production-scale column performance. Two versions of the RF cesium isotherm were used. The older version provides a conservative estimate of the resin capacity while the newer version more accurately fits the most recent experimental data.
Book Synopsis LITERATURE REVIEWS TO SUPPORT ION EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY SELECTION FOR MODULAR SALT PROCESSING. by :
Download or read book LITERATURE REVIEWS TO SUPPORT ION EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY SELECTION FOR MODULAR SALT PROCESSING. written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of literature reviews conducted to support the selection of a cesium removal technology for application in a small column ion exchange (SCIX) unit supported within a high level waste tank. SCIX is being considered as a technology for the treatment of radioactive salt solutions in order to accelerate closure of waste tanks at the Savannah River Site (SRS) as part of the Modular Salt Processing (MSP) technology development program. Two ion exchange materials, spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) and engineered Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST), are being considered for use within the SCIX unit. Both ion exchange materials have been studied extensively and are known to have high affinities for cesium ions in caustic tank waste supernates. RF is an elutable organic resin and CST is a non-elutable inorganic material. Waste treatment processes developed for the two technologies will differ with regard to solutions processed, secondary waste streams generated, optimum column size, and waste throughput. Pertinent references, anticipated processing sequences for utilization in waste treatment, gaps in the available data, and technical comparisons will be provided for the two ion exchange materials to assist in technology selection for SCIX. The engineered, granular form of CST (UOP IE-911) was the baseline ion exchange material used for the initial development and design of the SRS SCIX process (McCabe, 2005). To date, in-tank SCIX has not been implemented for treatment of radioactive waste solutions at SRS. Since initial development and consideration of SCIX for SRS waste treatment an alternative technology has been developed as part of the River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant (RPP-WTP) Research and Technology program (Thorson, 2006). Spherical RF resin is the baseline media for cesium removal in the RPP-WTP, which was designed for the treatment of radioactive waste supernates and is currently under construction in Hanford, WA. Application of RF for cesium removal in the Hanford WTP does not involve in-riser columns but does utilize the resin in large scale column configurations in a waste treatment facility. The basic conceptual design for SCIX involves the dissolution of saltcake in SRS Tanks 1-3 to give approximately 6 M sodium solutions and the treatment of these solutions for cesium removal using one or two columns supported within a high level waste tank. Prior to ion exchange treatment, the solutions will be filtered for removal of entrained solids. In addition to Tanks 1-3, solutions in two other tanks (37 and 41) will require treatment for cesium removal in the SCIX unit. The previous SCIX design (McCabe, 2005) utilized CST for cesium removal with downflow supernate processing and included a CST grinder following cesium loading. Grinding of CST was necessary to make the cesium-loaded material suitable for vitrification in the SRS Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Because RF resin is elutable (and reusable) and processing requires conversion between sodium and hydrogen forms using caustic and acidic solutions more liquid processing steps are involved. The WTP baseline process involves a series of caustic and acidic solutions (downflow processing) with water washes between pH transitions across neutral. In addition, due to resin swelling during conversion from hydrogen to sodium form an upflow caustic regeneration step is required. Presumably, one of these basic processes (or some variation) will be utilized for MSP for the appropriate ion exchange technology selected. CST processing involves two primary waste products: loaded CST and decontaminated salt solution (DSS). RF processing involves three primary waste products: spent RF resin, DSS, and acidic cesium eluate, although the resin is reusable and typically does not require replacement until completion of multiple treatment cycles. CST processing requires grinding of the ion exchange media, handling of solids with high cesium loading, and handling of liquid wash and conditioning solutions. RF processing requires handling and evaporation of cesium eluates, disposal of spent organic resin, and handling of the various liquid wash and regenerate solutions used. In both cases, the DSS will be immobilized in a low activity waste form. It appears that both technologies are mature, well studied, and generally suitable for this application. Technology selection will likely be based on downstream impacts or preferences between the various processing options for the two materials rather than on some unacceptable performance property identified for one material. As a result, the following detailed technical review and summary of the two technologies should be useful to assist in technology selection for SCIX.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns by :
Download or read book Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-elutable ion exchange is being considered as a potential replacement for the In-Tank Precipitation process for removing cesium from Savannah River Site (SRS) radioactive waste. Crystalline silicotitanate (CST) particles are the reference ion exchange medium for the process. A major factor in the construction cost of this process is the size of the ion exchange column required to meet product specifications for decontaminated waste. To validate SRS column sizing calculations, SRS subcontracted two reknowned experts in this field to perform similar calculations: Professor R.G. Anthony, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & 038;M University, and Professor S.W. Wang, Department of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University. The appendices of this document contain reports from the two subcontractors. Definition of the design problem came through several meetings and conference calls between the participants and SRS personnel over the past few months. This document summarizes the problem definition and results from the two reports.
Book Synopsis Solvent Extraction Batch Distribution Coefficients with Savannah River Site Dissolved Salt Cake by :
Download or read book Solvent Extraction Batch Distribution Coefficients with Savannah River Site Dissolved Salt Cake written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers characterized high-level waste derived from dissolved salt cake from the Savannah River Site (SRS) tank farm and measured the cesium distribution coefficients (DCs) for extraction, scrub, and stripping steps of the caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) flowsheet. The measurements used two SRS high-level waste samples derived entirely or in part from salt cake. The chemical compositions of both samples are reported. Dissolved salt cake waste contained less Cs-137 and more dianions than is typical of supernate samples. Extraction and scrub DCs values for both samples exceeded process requirements and agreed well with model predictions. Strip DCs values for the Tank 46F sample also met process requirements. However, strip DCs values could not be calculated for the Tank 38H sample due to the poor material balance for Cs-137. Potential explanations for the poor material balance are discussed and additional work to determine the cause is described.
Book Synopsis Ratschlag betreffend Verkauf von Land der Chr. Merian'schen Stiftung und von Wald der Bürgergemeinde der Stadt Basel in den Bännen Muttenz und Pratteln by :
Download or read book Ratschlag betreffend Verkauf von Land der Chr. Merian'schen Stiftung und von Wald der Bürgergemeinde der Stadt Basel in den Bännen Muttenz und Pratteln written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intermediate-scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-102 by : William D. King
Download or read book Intermediate-scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-102 written by William D. King and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cesium Removal from Simulated and Actual Hanford Tank Waste Using Ion Exchange by : S. K. Fiskum
Download or read book Cesium Removal from Simulated and Actual Hanford Tank Waste Using Ion Exchange written by S. K. Fiskum and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Salt Processing Through Ion Exchange at the Savannah River Site Selection of Exchange Media and Column Configuration - 9198 by :
Download or read book Salt Processing Through Ion Exchange at the Savannah River Site Selection of Exchange Media and Column Configuration - 9198 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy (DOE) has developed, modeled, and tested several different ion exchange media and column designs for cesium removal. One elutable resin and one non-elutable resin were considered for this salt processing application. Deployment of non-elutable Crystalline Silicotitanate and elutable Resorcinol Formaldehyde in several different column configurations were assessed in a formal Systems Engineering Evaluation (SEE). Salt solutions were selected that would allow a grouping of non-compliant tanks to be closed. Tests were run with the elutable resin to determine compatibility with the resin configuration required for an in-tank ion exchange system. Models were run to estimate the ion exchange cycles required with the two resins in several column configurations. Material balance calculations were performed to estimate the impact on the High Level Waste (HLW) system at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Conceptual process diagrams were used to support the hazard analysis. Data from the hazard analysis was used to determine the relative impact on safety. This report will discuss the technical inputs, SEE methods, results and path forward to complete the technical maturation of ion exchange.
Book Synopsis Small-Scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-103 by :
Download or read book Small-Scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-103 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pretreatment process for BNFL, Inc.'s Hanford River Protection Project is to provide decontaminated low activity waste and concentrated eluate streams for vitrification into low activity and high level waste glass, respectively. The pretreatment includes sludge washing, filtration, precipitation, and ion exchange processes to remove entrained solids, cesium, transuranics, technetium, and strontium. The ion exchange removal of cesium (Cs) and technetium (Tc) ions is accomplished by using SuperLig 644, and 639 resins from IBC Advanced Technologies, American Fork, Utah. The resins were shown to selectively remove cesium and technetium (as pertechnetate), from alkaline salt solutions. The efficiency of ion exchange column loading and elution is a complex function involving feed compositions, equilibrium and kinetic behavior of ion exchange resins, diffusion, and the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous solution. A previous experimental program completed at the Savannah River Technology Center demonstrated the conceptualized flow sheet parameters with a similar Hanford tank sample (241-AW-101). Those experiments included determination of Cs and Tc batch distribution coefficients by SuperLig 644 and 639 resins and demonstration of small-scale column breakthrough and elution. The experimental findings were used in support of preliminary design bases and pretreatment flow sheet development by BNFL, Inc.
Book Synopsis Hanford Supplemental Treatment by : M. K. Harris
Download or read book Hanford Supplemental Treatment written by M. K. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to accelerate waste treatment and disposal of Hanford tank waste by 2028, the Department of Energy (DOE) and CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CHG), Inc. are evaluating alternative technologies which will be used in conjunction with the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) to safely pretreat and immobilize the tank waste. Several technologies (Bulk Vitrification and Steam Reforming) are currently being evaluated for immobilizing the pretreated waste. Since the WTP does not have sufficient capacity to pretreat all the waste going to supplemental treatment by the 2028 milestone, two technologies (Selective Dissolution and Fractional Crystallization) are being considered for pretreatment of salt waste. The scope of this task was to: (1) evaluate the recent Savannah River Site (SRS) Tank 41 dissolution campaign and other literature to provide a more complete understanding of selective dissolution, (2) provide an update on the progress of salt dissolution and modeling activities at SRS, (3) investigate SRS experience and outside literature sources on industrial equipment and experimental results of previous fractional crystallization processes, and (4) evaluate recent Hanford AP104 boildown experiments and modeling results and recommend enhancements to the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP) to improve its predictive capabilities. This report provides a summary of this work and suggested recommendations.
Book Synopsis Test Procedures and Instructions for Single Shell Tank Saltcake Cesium Removal with Crystalline Silicotitanate by :
Download or read book Test Procedures and Instructions for Single Shell Tank Saltcake Cesium Removal with Crystalline Silicotitanate written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides specific test procedures and instructions to implement the test plan for the preparation and conduct of a cesium removal test, using Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake from tanks 24 t -BY- I 10, 24 1 -U- 108, 24 1 -U- 109, 24 1 -A- I 0 1, and 24 t - S-102, in a bench-scale column. The cesium sorbent to be tested is crystalline siticotitanate. The test plan for which this provides instructions is WHC-SD-RE-TP-024, Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake Cesium Removal Test Plan.
Book Synopsis Conceptual Study of In-tank Cesium Removal Using an Inorganic Ion Exchange Material by : R. S. Goheen
Download or read book Conceptual Study of In-tank Cesium Removal Using an Inorganic Ion Exchange Material written by R. S. Goheen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval by : R. Hunt
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval written by R. Hunt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of column dissolution experiments designed to evaluate the physical and chemical processes inherent to saltcake dissolution are presented along with model chemical equilibrium calculations. Two different compositions representing saltcakes in Hanford tanks were characterized, and porosities and permeabilities for a third composition based upon the saltcake waste in Tank 41H at the Savannah River Site (SRS) were also evaluated. Whereas the surrogates are all chemically similar, the presence of high phosphate loadings for the Hanford (HNF) simulants was noted as significantly affecting draining. The permeability was higher for the SRS saltcake, and the sodium nitrate loading in this saltcake was roughly 80% by weight compared to less than 60% by weight for the HNF compositions. Average values of the permeability and porosity were reduced for the surrogates based on Hanford Tanks S-112 and S-101. Here a secondary layer formed above the saltcake bed and was found to contain a large amount of gibbsite, Al(OH)3. Experiments with 3 molal (m) NaOH as a diluent, compared to water, did not result in additional layer formation that has been attributed to a change in local pH thereby altering the solid liquid equilibrium. Chemical analysis of the two HNF saltcakes indicated solids re-precipitation as a function of diluent added. The events were signified by large decreases in the nitrate and carbonate anion concentrations and were confined to low % dilution by weight values. Solids re-precipitation is noted as arising from the mixing of the dissolved saltcake stream with pockets of saturated interstitial liquor.
Book Synopsis Pilot Scale Testing of Monosodium Titanate Mixing for the SRS Small Column Ion Exchange Process - 11224 by :
Download or read book Pilot Scale Testing of Monosodium Titanate Mixing for the SRS Small Column Ion Exchange Process - 11224 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) process is being developed to remove cesium, strontium, and select actinides from Savannah River Site (SRS) Liquid Waste using an existing waste tank (i.e., Tank 41H) to house the process. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) is conducting pilot-scale mixing tests to determine the pump requirements for suspending monosodium titanate (MST), crystalline silicotitanate (CST), and simulated sludge. The purpose of this pilot scale testing is to determine the requirements for the pumps to suspend the MST particles so that they can contact the strontium and actinides in the liquid and be removed from the tank. The pilot-scale tank is a 1/10.85 linear scaled model of SRS Tank 41H. The tank diameter, tank liquid level, pump nozzle diameter, pump elevation, and cooling coil diameter are all 1/10.85 of their dimensions in Tank 41H. The pump locations correspond to the proposed locations in Tank 41H by the SCIX program (Risers B5 and B2 for two pump configurations and Risers B5, B3, and B1 for three pump configurations). The conclusions from this work follow: (i) Neither two standard slurry pumps nor two quad volute slurry pumps will provide sufficient power to initially suspend MST in an SRS waste tank. (ii) Two Submersible Mixer Pumps (SMPs) will provide sufficient power to initially suspend MST in an SRS waste tank. However, the testing shows the required pump discharge velocity is close to the maximum discharge velocity of the pump (within 12%). (iii) Three SMPs will provide sufficient power to initially suspend MST in an SRS waste tank. The testing shows the required pump discharge velocity is 66% of the maximum discharge velocity of the pump. (iv) Three SMPs are needed to resuspend MST that has settled in a waste tank at nominal 45 C for four weeks. The testing shows the required pump discharge velocity is 77% of the maximum discharge velocity of the pump. Two SMPs are not sufficient to resuspend MST that settled under these conditions.
Download or read book אגרות י"שור written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ʻIjjūnīm be-sifrūt hat-talmūd by : Ezra Zion Melamed
Download or read book ʻIjjūnīm be-sifrūt hat-talmūd written by Ezra Zion Melamed and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Instruction pour ceux de l'archiconfrérie de la ceinture de saint Augustin et de sainte Monique, instituée au couvent des RR. PP. Augustins réformés du port St-Vincent de Lyon by :
Download or read book Instruction pour ceux de l'archiconfrérie de la ceinture de saint Augustin et de sainte Monique, instituée au couvent des RR. PP. Augustins réformés du port St-Vincent de Lyon written by and published by . This book was released on 1643 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
