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Modeling Of Co2 Water Rock Interactions In A Mississippian Sandstone Reservoir Of Kentucky
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Book Synopsis Modeling of CO2-water-rock Interactions in a Mississippian Sandstone Reservoir of Kentucky by : Anne Marie Schumacher
Download or read book Modeling of CO2-water-rock Interactions in a Mississippian Sandstone Reservoir of Kentucky written by Anne Marie Schumacher and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of CO2-water-rock Interactions in the Farnsworth, Texas Hydrocarbon Unit, USA by : Bulbul Ahmmed
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of CO2-water-rock Interactions in the Farnsworth, Texas Hydrocarbon Unit, USA written by Bulbul Ahmmed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical speciation, reaction path, and reactive transport modeling were used to study the effects on pore water composition and mineralogy from CO2 injection into the Pennsylvanian Morrow B Sandstone in the Farnsworth Unit in northern Texas to evaluate its potential for long-term CO2 sequestration. Speciation modeling showed the present Morrow B formation water to be supersaturated with respect to an assemblage of zeolite, clay, carbonate, mica, and aluminum hydroxide minerals, and quartz. The principal accessory minerals in the Morrow B, feldspars and chlorite, were predicted to dissolve. A reaction path model in which CO2 was progressively titrated up to its solubility limit into the Morrow B formation water showed the pH to decrease from its initial value of 7 to about 4.1 to 4.2, accompanied by the precipitation of small amounts of quartz, diaspore, and witherite. As the resultant CO2-charged fluid reacted with more of the Morrow B mineral matrix, the pH rose, reaching a maximum of 5.1 to 5.2 at a water:rock ratio of 10:1. At a higher water:rock ratio of 100:1, the pH rose to only 4.6 to 4.7. Diaspore, quartz, and nontronite precipitated consistently regardless of the water:rock ratio, but the carbonate minerals, siderite, witherite, dolomite, and calcite, only precipitated at higher pH. As a result, CO2 sequestration by mineral trapping was predicted to be important only at low water:rock ratios, accounting for a maximum of 2% of the titrated CO2 at the lowest water:rock ratio investigated of 10:1, which corresponds to a small porosity increase of about 1.4 to 1.5%. Reactive solute transport modeling extended the reaction path modeling by including the effects of multi-phase fluid flow, heat transport, and solute transport with the chemical reactions. CO2 was injected at nine wells in the western part of the field for 10 years in the model simulations. During injection, fluid pressures near the wells rose from about 15 MPa to about 19.2 MPa, but quickly dissipated after injection ceased. A plume of immiscible CO2 gas built up around the wells, reaching pore saturations of about 50%, but did not migrate far from the wells over time. In contrast, CO2 dissolved into aqueous solution was transported to the eastern boundary of the field within 30 years. The pH in the aqueous CO2 plume was as low as 4.74 and led to the dissolution of most of the native minerals in the Morrow B Sandstone matrix. Over the 30 years time of the simulations thus far, ankerite was the only carbonate mineral predicted to precipitate, and thus the only mineral sink for CO2. Most of the injected CO2 over the time frame of the simulations was predicted to be sequestered by hydrodynamic trapping, followed by solubility and mineral trapping, respectively. The amounts of mineral precipitation and dissolution were too small to affect the porosity and permeability significantly, meaning that the hydraulics of the aquifer should not be significantly affected by CO2 injection.
Book Synopsis Predictive Modeling of CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Sandstone Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Predictive Modeling of CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Sandstone Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One idea for mitigating the increase in fossil-fuel generated CO2 in the atmosphere is to inject CO2 into subsurface saline sandstone reservoirs. To decide whether to try such sequestration at a globally significant scale will require the ability to predict the fate of injected CO2. Thus, models are needed to predict the rates and extents of subsurface rock-water-gas interactions. Several reactive transport models for CO2 sequestration created in the last decade predicted sequestration in sandstone reservoirs of 1̃7 to 9̃0 kg CO2 m{sup -3.
Book Synopsis Predictive Modeling of CO{sub 2} Sequestration in Deep Saline Sandstone Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Predictive Modeling of CO{sub 2} Sequestration in Deep Saline Sandstone Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One idea for mitigating the increase in fossil-fuel generated CO2 in the atmosphere is to inject CO2 into subsurface saline sandstone reservoirs. To decide whether to try such sequestration at a globally significant scale will require the ability to predict the fate of injected CO2. Thus, models are needed to predict the rates and extents of subsurface rock-water-gas interactions. Several reactive transport models for CO2 sequestration created in the last decade predicted sequestration in sandstone reservoirs of ~17 to ~90 kg CO2 m{sup -3.
Book Synopsis Reservoir Fluid-rock Interactions During a Co_2 EOR/CCS Pilot Test at Citronelle Oil Field, Alabama by : Erik Rheams
Download or read book Reservoir Fluid-rock Interactions During a Co_2 EOR/CCS Pilot Test at Citronelle Oil Field, Alabama written by Erik Rheams and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the world's expanding need for energy, new sources of petroleum or technologies to extend current petroleum reserves are required. However, concerns about global warming are increasing as atmospheric CO2 levels continue to rise worldwide due to the burning of fossil fuels. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) provides a method for expanding existing petroleum reserves by prolonging the life of older oil fields where primary production methods have been exhausted. EOR also opens an avenue for using CO2 captured from point sources such as power plants for beneficial purpose, thus preventing its release into the atmosphere and sequestering the CO2 in deep geologic formations that also serve as petroleum reservoirs. Citronelle Oil Field, located in Mobile County, Alabama, was the site for a 2008-2012 SECARB pilot project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that was aimed at testing CO2 flood for enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration. Citronelle Field is the largest and oldest oil play in the state of Alabama with reserves originally estimated at about 500 million barrels in place, less than half of which had been produced between its discovery in 1955 and the start of the pilot project in 2008. The field's primary producing units are the Upper and Lower Donovan Sands within the Rodessa Formation. The work performed for this study was funded by the DOE to examine the fluid-rock interactions induced in the reservoir by the injection of supercritical CO2. Water samples were collected from four production wells located around the CO2 injection well between June 2010 and February 2012, and water chemistry was analyzed by ICP-OES and IC. Temporal trends for water sample compositional variation are presented, and compositional similarities and differences between the water samples collected from the four wells are discussed. Geochemical modeling was employed to determine the fluid-rock interactions taking place within the reservoir and thus provide potential explanations for the observed water sample compositional trends. Finally, the impact of an over pressuring event that created preferred flow paths within the system and its impact on water chemistry and oil production is discussed.
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide-water-rock Interaction in a Carbonate Reservoir Capped by a Clay by : Virginia M. Marcon
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide-water-rock Interaction in a Carbonate Reservoir Capped by a Clay written by Virginia M. Marcon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep geologic formations are attractive reservoirs for geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) due to their ability to store hydrocarbons for millions of years. The technology needed for injecting CO2 into these geologic formations was established through the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). However, there are some risks associated with CO2 injection such as leakage of inorganic compounds into overlying potable aquifers. Since it is difficult to avoid leakage in these systems, understanding how leaks may affect the chemistry of overlying potable aquifers is crucial. Two groups of hydrothermal experiments were performed to evaluate metal mobilization and mechanisms of release from within a storage reservoir. The first group of experiments react idealized Desert Creek limestone and/or Gothic Shale, formations in the Paradox Basin, Utah, at 160C and 25MPa in a brine (I = 3.3m). These experiments investigated the release of harmful metals from two zones within a sequestration injection reservoir: at the caprock-reservoir boundary and deeper within the reservoir. Experimental results show that CO2 injection decreases the pH by 1 to 2 units; concomitant mineral dissolution produces elevated Ba, Cu, Fe Pb and Zn concentrations in the brine. Concentrations subsequently decrease to approximately steady state values after 120-330 hours as a result of secondary mineralization of Ca-Mg-Fe carbonates, metal sulfides (i.e. Fe, As, Ag and Co sulfides), sulfates and clays. Iron, an element of secondary concern, and lead exceed the EPA regulated limits in both experiments at termination; Ba, Cu and Zn concentrations remain below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminate limits (MCL). Transition elements Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn as well as Pb, behave in a similar manner, increasing in concentration with injection but continually decreasing after about 830 hours until termination of the experiment. Nickel, not a regulated element, is also readily mobilized, and is associated with human health concerns at elevated concentrations. If brines leak from a storage reservoir and mix with a potable aquifer, the experimental results suggest that Ba, Cu and Zn will not be contaminants of concern, but Fe, Ni and Pb may require careful attention. However, experimentally observed trends of decreasing trace metal concentrations suggest that these metals could become less of a concern during the life of a carbon repository. Finally, the caprock plays an active role in trace metal evolution in the system. The caprock provides a large source of metals, but secondary mineralization and adsorption may remove metals of concern from solution. The second group of hydrothermal experiments reacted an idealized carbonate injection reservoir (Fe-rich dolomite) and caprock (illite) in a water (I =0.1m) to investigate the potential for metal mobilization and precipitation within a GCS scenario. Experiments investigated three locations within a sequestration reservoir: deep within the storage reservoir, within the caprock and at the caprock-reservoir boundary. The experiments were reacted for ~55 days: 17 days to approach steady state before CO2 is injected and 38 days to monitor changes from CO2 injection. Several major and minor ions, total dissolved CO2 and pH were monitored throughout the duration of the experiments. In all three experiments, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, SiO2 and SO4 increased as a result of CO2-injection, but subsequently decline through the termination of the experiments. The aqueous data supported by geochemical equilibrium modeling, FESEM images and XRD results indicate initial dissolution of illite and dolomite minerals followed by re-precipitation of Ca, Mg, Fe-carbonates, Fe, Ag-sulfides, Ba-sulfates, clays and Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn-metal-oxides. Trace metals in these experiments did not exceed the U.S. EPA's primary or secondary MCL, but geochemical patterns denote valuable information for metal release, co-precipitation and adsorption of metals in a sequestration scenario. Experiments replicating an idealized carbonate injection reservoir show that metals are more readily mobilized than in experiments containing a caprock. Once the caprock is included in the system, water chemistry, FESEM and modeling results suggest increased adsorption and co-precipitation of the potentially harmful metals, which removes mobilized metals from solution. Barium, Sr and Fe are potential elements of concern in a sequestration scenario due to mobility of the metals.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Investigations of CO2-BRINE-ROCK Interactions of the Knox Group in the Illinois Basin by :
Download or read book Geochemical Investigations of CO2-BRINE-ROCK Interactions of the Knox Group in the Illinois Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased output of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources is of great concern. A potential technology to reduce CO2 emissions is geologic carbon sequestration. This technology is currently being evaluated in the United States and throughout the world. The geology of the Illinois Basin exhibits outstanding potential as a carbon sequestration target, as demonstrated by the ongoing Illinois Basin - Decatur Project that is using the Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir and Eau Claire Shale seal system to store and contain 1 million tonnes of CO2. The Knox Group-Maquoketa Shale reservoir and seal system, located stratigraphically above the Mt. Simon Sandstone-Eau Claire Shale reservoir and seal system, has little economic value as a resource for fossil fuels or as a potable water source, making it ideal as a potential carbon sequestration target. In order for a reservoir-seal system to be effective, it must be able to contain the injected CO2 without the potential for the release of harmful contaminants liberated by the reaction between CO2-formation fluids and reservoir and seal rocks. This study examines portions of the Knox Group (Potosi Dolomite, Gunter Sandstone, New Richmond Sandstone) and St. Peter Sandstone, and Maquoketa Shale from various locations around the Illinois Basin. A total of 14 rock and fluid samples were exposed to simulated sequestration conditions (9101-9860 kPa [1320-1430 psi] and 32°-42°C [90°- 108°F]) for varying amounts of time (6 hours to 4 months). Knox Group reservoir rocks exhibited dissolution of dolomite in the presence of CO2 as indicated by petrographic examination, X-ray diffraction analysis, and fluid chemistry analysis. These reactions equilibrated rapidly, and geochemical modeling confirmed that these reactions reached equilibrium within the time frames of the experiments. Pre-reaction sample mineralogy and postreaction fluid geochemistry from this study suggests only limited potential for the release of United States Environmental Protection Agency regulated inorganic contaminants into potable water sources. Short-term core flood experiments further verify that the carbonate reactions occurring in Knox Group reservoir samples reach equilibrium rapidly. The core flood experiments also lend insight to pressure changes that may occur during CO2 injection. The Maquoketa Shale experiments reveal that this rock is initially chemically reactive when in contact with CO2 and brine. However, due to the conservative nature of silicate and clay reaction kinetics and the rapid equilibration of carbonate reactions that occur in the shale, these reactions would not present a significant risk to the competency of the shale as an effective seal rock.
Book Synopsis The Role of Mineral Transformation Due to CO2 Sequestration on the Shear Behavior of Reservoir Rock by : Farnood Sobhbidari
Download or read book The Role of Mineral Transformation Due to CO2 Sequestration on the Shear Behavior of Reservoir Rock written by Farnood Sobhbidari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sequestration of CO2 in subsurface formations is one feasible solution to mitigate the effects of climate change. The long-term effects of CO2-water-rock interactions are one of the important related issues in CO2 sequestration since it may have an effect of fault reactivation. Reactivation may, in turn, result in the leakage of CO2 into overlaying geological formations that contain groundwater aquifers or in triggering earthquakes in regions that had not previously experienced earthquakes. This work numerically simulates direct shear tests of reservoir rock analogs in various stages of alteration from permeation by CO2 over geologic timescales. Reservoir rock characteristics were assigned based on the Crystal Geyser site in Utah. Two different compositional end-members of the rock are used, related to unaltered and fully-altered materials. Frictional behavior of these end-member digital rocks is explored through granular mechanics modeling using the distinct element method (DEM). A linear contact model was applied to model the contact forces. A parametric study was conducted on the effect of confining stress and friction coefficient of walls on the model on the resulting predictions of friction coefficient. Confining stress was changed over the range of 10 to 50 MPa. The friction coefficient of the walls was also changed over the range of 0.2 to 0.8. There is direct effect of different friction coefficient of walls on the peak friction coefficient reservoir rock, but there is no clear effect of different friction coefficient of walls on the stable friction coefficient. The simulations on end-member behaviors demonstrated that there is no significant effect of CO2 sequestration-related mineral transformations on the shear behavior of reservoir rock for the particular mineral transformations noted here. Also, apparent is an inverse correlation between the normal stress and friction coefficient.
Book Synopsis Gas-water-rock Interactions in CO2 and CO2-H2S Reservoirs by : Carmen Zwahlen
Download or read book Gas-water-rock Interactions in CO2 and CO2-H2S Reservoirs written by Carmen Zwahlen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Media by : Matthias Grobe
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Media written by Matthias Grobe and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, the concept of storing or permanently storing carbon dioxide in geological media has gained increasing attention as part of the important technology option of carbon capture and storage within a portfolio of options aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to the earths atmosphere. This book is structured into eight parts, and, among other topics, provides an overview of the current status and challenges of the science, regional assessment studies of carbon dioxide geological sequestration potential, and a discussion of the economics and regulatory aspects of carbon dioxide sequestration.
Book Synopsis Reservoir Model Design by : Philip Ringrose
Download or read book Reservoir Model Design written by Philip Ringrose and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives practical advice and ready to use tips on the design and construction of subsurface reservoir models. The design elements cover rock architecture, petrophysical property modelling, multi-scale data integration, upscaling and uncertainty analysis. Philip Ringrose and Mark Bentley share their experience, gained from over a hundred reservoir modelling studies in 25 countries covering clastic, carbonate and fractured reservoir types. The intimate relationship between geology and fluid flow is explored throughout, showing how the impact of fluid type, production mechanism and the subtleties of single- and multi-phase flow combine to influence reservoir model design. Audience: The main audience for this book is the community of applied geoscientists and engineers involved in the development and use of subsurface fluid resources. The book is suitable for a range of Master’s level courses in reservoir characterisation, modelling and engineering. · Provides practical advice and guidelines for users of 3D reservoir modelling packages · Gives advice on reservoir model design for the growing world-wide activity in subsurface reservoir modelling · Covers rock modelling, property modelling, upscaling and uncertainty handling · Encompasses clastic, carbonate and fractured reservoirs
Book Synopsis Brackish Groundwater in the United States by : Jennifer S. Stanton
Download or read book Brackish Groundwater in the United States written by Jennifer S. Stanton and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by : J Gluyas
Download or read book Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) written by J Gluyas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind's emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands.Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. - Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) - An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects - Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS
Book Synopsis Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils by : J.I. Drever
Download or read book Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils written by J.I. Drever and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-21 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 5 has several objectives. The first is to present an overview of the composition of surface and ground waters on the continents and the mechanisms that control the compositions. The second is to present summaries of the tools and methodologies used in modern studies of the geochemistry of surface and ground waters. The third is to present information on the role of weathering and soil formation in geochemical cycles: weathering affects the chemistry of the atmosphere through uptake of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and paleosols (preserved soils in the rock record) provide information on the composition of the atmosphere in the geological past. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). - Present an overview of the composition of surface and ground waters on the continents and the mechanisms that control the compositions - Provides summaries of the tools and methodologies used in modern studies of the geochemistry of surface and ground waters - Features information on the role of weathering and soil formation in geochemical cycles - Contains information on the composition of the atmosphere in the geological past - Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, 10 volume set
Book Synopsis Geology of Carbonate Reservoirs by : Wayne M. Ahr
Download or read book Geology of Carbonate Reservoirs written by Wayne M. Ahr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible resource, covering the fundamentals of carbonate reservoir engineering Includes discussions on how, where and why carbonate are formed, plus reviews of basic sedimentological and stratigraphic principles to explain carbonate platform characteristics and stratigraphic relationships Offers a new, genetic classification of carbonate porosity that is especially useful in predicting spatial distribution of pore networks.
Book Synopsis Fluid-mineral Interactions by : R. J. Spencer
Download or read book Fluid-mineral Interactions written by R. J. Spencer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
