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Modeling Nonlinear Sorption Of Trichloroethene In Natural Sorbents With Kerogen
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Book Synopsis Modeling Nonlinear Sorption of Trichloroethene in Natural Sorbents with Kerogen by : Zackary William Munger
Download or read book Modeling Nonlinear Sorption of Trichloroethene in Natural Sorbents with Kerogen written by Zackary William Munger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the subsurface, chlorinated solvent sorption to aquifer materials hinders remediation efforts and makes predicting the transport and fate of chlorinated solvents in groundwater a nontrivial enterprise. Due to heterogeneity in natural sorbents, there is a lack of clear evidence for a sorption model that can reliably simulate sorption behavior across broad aqueous sorbate concentrations on the basis of quantifiable sorbent characteristics. The goal of this study was to test if there is a sorption model that can be shown to be the best choice for simulating trichloroethene (TCE) sorption to natural sorbents and to link the sorption behavior to sorbent characteristics. Sorption isotherms were collected for four natural sorbents from Ontario and New York. The isotherms span an aqueous concentration range nearly five orders of magnitude. The sorbents contain type II kerogen, a common organic constituent in autochthonous marine sedimentary rocks and more recent allochthonous deposits, making them valid model sorbents. These sorption data were fit with 11 isotherm models common in the literature and founded on various partitioning, adsorption, pore-filling, and dual-mode mechanisms including Freundlich, Langmuir, Tóth, and Polanyi-type models. For all examined sorbents the Polanyi or Polanyi-partition models were ranked as the best fit based on the corrected Akaike Information Criterion, suggesting that pore-filling or combined pore-filling and linear partitioning mechanisms are valid for sorbents that contain kerogen. The estimated linear partitioning coefficients for the Polanyi-partition model were within a factor of four of that predicted on the basis of the fraction of organic carbon and an octanol-water partitioning linear free energy relationship. The sorption capacity term was constant within a factor of three when normalized by the fraction of organic carbon. The A and B fitting parameters remained fairly consistent among the studied sorbents. This study demonstrates that the single and dual-mode Polanyi-partition models are the most plausible to describe TCE sorption to sorbents with kerogen and are more accurate across broad aqueous concentrations than commonly used linear and Freundlich models. Model parameters are shown to be related to sorbent characteristics demonstrating the potential for estimating reliable model parameters from measurable sorbent properties.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Effect of Nonlinear and Rate-Limited Sorption on the Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes by : Peter P. Feng
Download or read book Modeling the Effect of Nonlinear and Rate-Limited Sorption on the Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes written by Peter P. Feng and published by . This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated solvents like tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are the most common detected groundwater contaminants at Department of Defense installations in the United States. Unfortunately, technologies conventionally used to remediate chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater often fall short of achieving regulatory goals. Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents offers an alternative remediation strategy that may achieve goals. However, the processes involved with natural attenuation are not fully understood, and this lack of understanding has hindered acceptance of natural attenuation by regulatory agencies. This study involved use of a numerical model that incorporated the physical, chemical, and biological processes thought to be relevant to the fate and transport of chlorinated ethenes in the subsurface. The model was used to conduct a parameter sensitivity analysis, to investigate the effect of non-linear and rate-limited sorption processes on the natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes. The model showed that both rate-limited and non-linear sorption resulted in early arrival of contaminant at wells downgradient of a source area, as well as persistence of contamination at the wells for long periods of time.
Book Synopsis A Study of Trichloroethylene (TCE) Release Rates from Borden, Ont. Aquifer Sediments Through Numerical Modeling by : Valerio Barbarossa
Download or read book A Study of Trichloroethylene (TCE) Release Rates from Borden, Ont. Aquifer Sediments Through Numerical Modeling written by Valerio Barbarossa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remediation strategies at sites contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs), have enlightened how the aquifer, when flushed, shows initial high contaminant release rates followed by a long period of tailing and rebound after cessation of pumping. This results from the interplay between long-term contaminant mass release due to slow desorption and diffusion of contaminant mass from low-permeability zones into high permeability zones. The goal of this research is to quantify the effects of nonlinear sorption on non equilibrium intragranular diffusion and mass release from contaminated grains through numerical modeling of mass release rate experiments conducted in a companion study. The sorption process is explored in order to understand whether extremely different initial concentrations can be both fitted with one desorption model and, accordingly, whether the same set of parameters can be applied for different grain sizes. The laboratory experiments employed two sizes of sieved grains (0.7-2 mm and 2.8-4 mm) of the Gull River Formation. This Formation is a source rock for the well studied Borden Aquifer, Ontario, Canada. The Gull River Formation contains a low fraction organic carbon (foc = 0.07%) content that is predominantly kerogen, a condensed form of organic matter acting as natural sorbent for nonpolar hydrophobic organic compounds. The grains were pre-equilibrated with dissolved trichloroethylene (TCE), one of the most common cVOCs detected in USA groundwater sites, at high (~103 mg/L) and low (~100 mg/L) initial concentrations. The sealed rock and water system was purged weekly and analyzed by gas chromatography over a period of up to about 200 days. The retarded intraparticle pore diffusion equation has been solved using a previously developed FORTRAN code that allows selection of nonlinear isotherm formulation. A method for automated calibration has been developed involving R and Ostrich. The input parameters for the models were estimated by independent measurements, while the most uncertain retardation factor, tortuosity and radius values, were estimated through the fitting routine. Three isotherms forms have been employed for the numerical simulations of the desorption experiments: linear, freundlich and Polanyi-Partition. The latter resulted as the best fit, based on the weighted root mean square error between simulated and observed data, and it was possible to identify one parameter set for radius, tortuosity and retardation factor that provided a reasonable fit to all the laboratory sets. Then the independence of the sorption isotherm form and parameterization from the initial concentration and grains' dimension, under non equilibrium conditions, has been demonstrated. Furthermore this study highlights the importance of a calibration methodology employing desorption and sorption at the equilibrium experiments to simultaneously reach a reliable solution for the sorption isotherm parameters.
Book Synopsis Directory of Geoscience Departments 2015 by : Carolyn Wilson
Download or read book Directory of Geoscience Departments 2015 written by Carolyn Wilson and published by American Geosciences Inst. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 2140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Directory of Geoscience Departments 50th Edition is the most comprehensive directory and source of information about geosciences departments and researchers available. It is an invaluable resource for individuals working in the geosciences or must identify or work with specialists on the issues of Earth, Environmental, and related sciences and engineering fields. The Directory of Geoscience Departments 50th Edition provides a state/country-sorted listing of nearly 2300 geoscience departments, research departments, institutes, and their faculty and staff. Information on contact information for departments and individuals is provided, as well as details on department enrollments, faculty specialties, and the date and source of faculty and staff's highest degree. New in the 50th edition: Listing of all US and Canadian geoscience theses and dissertations accepted in 2012 that have been reported to GeoRef Information Services, as well as a listing of faculty by their research specialty.
Book Synopsis Sorption of Hexavalent Chromium and Trichloroethylene by Natural Sorbents and Preliminary Study of in Situ Soil Washing by : Robert A. Lenahan
Download or read book Sorption of Hexavalent Chromium and Trichloroethylene by Natural Sorbents and Preliminary Study of in Situ Soil Washing written by Robert A. Lenahan and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spring Meeting by : American Geophysical Union. Meeting
Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry by :
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments by : National Research Council
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Book Synopsis Environmental Organic Chemistry by : René P. Schwarzenbach
Download or read book Environmental Organic Chemistry written by René P. Schwarzenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-06-24 with total page 1329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Organic Chemistry focuses on environmental factors that govern the processes that determine the fate of organic chemicals in natural and engineered systems. The information discovered is then applied to quantitatively assessing the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. Now in its 2nd edition this book takes a more holistic view on physical-chemical properties of organic compounds. It includes new topics that address aspects of gas/solid partitioning, bioaccumulation, and transformations in the atmosphere. Structures chapters into basic and sophisticated sections Contains illustrative examples, problems and case studies Examines the fundamental aspects of organic, physical and inorganic chemistry - applied to environmentally relevant problems Addresses problems and case studies in one volume
Book Synopsis Extracts from Cicero, with notes by H. Walford by : Marcus Tullius Cicero
Download or read book Extracts from Cicero, with notes by H. Walford written by Marcus Tullius Cicero and published by . This book was released on 1869 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology by : P. Misaelides
Download or read book Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology written by P. Misaelides and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Application of Natural Microporous Materials for Environmental Technology, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, 26-30 October 1998
Book Synopsis Contaminant Geochemistry by : Brian Berkowitz
Download or read book Contaminant Geochemistry written by Brian Berkowitz and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this updated and expanded second edition, new literature has been added on contaminant fate in the soil-subsurface environment. In particular, more data on the behavior of inorganic contaminants and on engineered nanomaterials were included, the latter comprising a group of “emerging contaminants” that may reach the soil and subsurface zones. New chapters are devoted to a new perspective of contaminant geochemistry, namely irreversible changes in pristine land and subsurface systems following chemical contamination. Two chapters were added on this topic, focusing attention on the impact of chemical contaminants on the matrix and properties of both liquid and solid phases of soil and subsurface domains. Contaminant impacts on irreversible changes occurring in groundwater are discussed and their irreversible changes on the porous medium solid phase are surveyed. In contrast to the geological time scale controlling natural changes of porous media liquid and solid phases, the time scale associated with chemical pollutant induced changes is far shorter and extends over a “human lifetime scale”.
Book Synopsis Lipophilicity in Drug Action and Toxicology, Volume 4 by : Vladimir Pliska
Download or read book Lipophilicity in Drug Action and Toxicology, Volume 4 written by Vladimir Pliska and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1996-05-07 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In keeping with the outstanding importance of lipophilicity in biosciences, this volume examines all its facets in more than twenty contributions from leading experts. It offers a thorough and highly topical survey of this rapidly developing field of research. Color plates demonstrating structural aspects, a vast number of references, and the straightforward presentation of the material make this volume a invaluable tool for all researchers involved in drug design or in the investigation of drug action.
Book Synopsis Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems by : Cary T. Chiou
Download or read book Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems written by Cary T. Chiou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the presence of a wide variety of contaminants in the environment, it is important to understand what drives a contaminant from one medium to another, as well as the manner and extent to which a contaminant associates with the different media or phases within a local environmental system. Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems forms a comprehensive resource on the behavioral characteristics of contaminants so that appropriate strategies can be adopted to either prevent or minimize their adverse impacts on human welfare and natural resources. Cary Chiou’s far-reaching text depicts the processes by which nonionic organic contaminants are sorbed to natural biotic and abiotic substances. This book focuses on physical principles and system parameters that affect the contaminant uptake by soil from water, air, and other media; by fish from water; and by plants from soil and water. As contaminant uptake by natural organic substances is often predominantly a partition interaction, the partition characteristics in several solvent-water model mixtures are treated in detail to elucidate the relevant physicochemical parameters. The account of contaminant sorption to soils, fish, and plants is strengthened by companion chapters on: Fundamentals of solution theory Interphase partition equations Fundamentals of adsorption theory Vapor adsorption on mineral and carbonaceous solids No other single source in the field delivers as compelling a combination of background understanding and "state-of-the-science" comprehension of current issues. Ideally suited for a graduate-level environmental course, Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems also serves as a technical guide to current and future research in the field.
Book Synopsis Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources by :
Download or read book Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume takes a multidisciplinary approach to study and evaluate the global human vulnerability to the exposure of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the natural environment. It provides a comprehensive resource on structurally diverse groups of chemical compounds that have adverse effects on the aquatic environment. It explores the global strength, environmental status, chemical risk assessment and management strategies of CECs with relevant modern techniques. The principle focus is on concurrent emerging water quality issues. It defines the impacts of the environmental exposure of trace concentrations of CECs and/or their metabolites and discusses possible technological advances to combat the emerging pollutants. It will be useful to researchers, multi-stakeholder expert groups, policymakers, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Second Edition by : Donald Mackay
Download or read book Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Second Edition written by Donald Mackay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-14 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport and transformation processes are key for determining how humans and other organisms are exposed to chemicals. These processes are largely controlled by the chemicals’ physical-chemical properties. This new edition of the Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals is a comprehensive series in four volumes that serves as a reference source for environmentally relevant physical-chemical property data of numerous groups of chemical substances. The handbook contains physical-chemical property data from peer-reviewed journals and other valuable sources on over 1200 chemicals of environmental concern. The handbook contains new data on the temperature dependence of selected physical-chemical properties, which allows scientists and engineers to perform better chemical assessments for climatic conditions outside the 20–25-degree range for which property values are generally reported. This second edition of the Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals is an essential reference for university libraries, regulatory agencies, consultants, and industry professionals, particularly those concerned with chemical synthesis, emissions, fate, persistence, long-range transport, bioaccumulation, exposure, and biological effects of chemicals in the environment. This resource is also available on CD-ROM
Book Synopsis Applied Regression Analysis by : John O. Rawlings
Download or read book Applied Regression Analysis written by John O. Rawlings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-31 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Least squares estimation, when used appropriately, is a powerful research tool. A deeper understanding of the regression concepts is essential for achieving optimal benefits from a least squares analysis. This book builds on the fundamentals of statistical methods and provides appropriate concepts that will allow a scientist to use least squares as an effective research tool. Applied Regression Analysis is aimed at the scientist who wishes to gain a working knowledge of regression analysis. The basic purpose of this book is to develop an understanding of least squares and related statistical methods without becoming excessively mathematical. It is the outgrowth of more than 30 years of consulting experience with scientists and many years of teaching an applied regression course to graduate students. Applied Regression Analysis serves as an excellent text for a service course on regression for non-statisticians and as a reference for researchers. It also provides a bridge between a two-semester introduction to statistical methods and a thoeretical linear models course. Applied Regression Analysis emphasizes the concepts and the analysis of data sets. It provides a review of the key concepts in simple linear regression, matrix operations, and multiple regression. Methods and criteria for selecting regression variables and geometric interpretations are discussed. Polynomial, trigonometric, analysis of variance, nonlinear, time series, logistic, random effects, and mixed effects models are also discussed. Detailed case studies and exercises based on real data sets are used to reinforce the concepts. The data sets used in the book are available on the Internet.
