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Modeling And Field Constraints On Glacier Dynamics Erosion And Alpine Landscape Evolution
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Book Synopsis Modeling and Field Constraints on Glacier Dynamics, Erosion, and Alpine Landscape Evolution by : Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor
Download or read book Modeling and Field Constraints on Glacier Dynamics, Erosion, and Alpine Landscape Evolution written by Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling and Field Constraints on Glacier Dynamics, Erosion, and Alpine Landscape Evolution by : Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor
Download or read book Modeling and Field Constraints on Glacier Dynamics, Erosion, and Alpine Landscape Evolution written by Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Glacial erosion is an important but poorly understood agent of alpine landscape evolution. Development of the glacial longitudinal profile was examined with a numerical model, while glacier sliding and its control were the subjects of a field project. Seasonal changes in meteorology, ice dynamics, and hydrology were documented at the Bench Glacier, Chugach Range, Alaska. A wave of elevated sliding velocity traveled from the glacier terminus into the accumulation zone at a rate of -250 m/day. GPS-measured vertical velocities demonstrated divergence of the glacier surface from the bed, with maximum uplift rates coincident with maximum sliding velocities. Apparent bed separation was approximately 15 cm. Both the sliding wave and surface uplift occurred during a time of positive water storage in the glacier. The data suggest that upglacier propagation of a linked cavity network, may explain the observed sliding event. The effect of glacial erosion over 105-106 year timescales was addressed using a numerical model that incorporates the relevant glaciological processes that operate to produce hanging valleys. bedrock steps. overdeepenings and cirques. Simulations always show rapid flattening of the longitudinal profile from a fluvial initial condition. Inclusion of a tributary glacier creates a step in the main valley below the tributary junction that persists over multiple glaciations and generates a hanging valley. Steps result from increased ice discharge below tributary junctions, accommodated by increased ice thickness and sliding. The height of the hanging valley reflects the difference in the time-integrated discharge of ice in the tributary and the trunk valleys. Addition of a plateau allowed incorporation of blowing snow, avalanches, and headwall backwearing processes. In both steady and sawtooth climate scenarios, headwalls increase in length, steepen, and retreat over time. Bedrock cirques form in steady climate simulations only at the end of the model runs: the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is hundreds of meters above the cirque floor. However, the time-averaged location of the ELA corresponds with the down-glacier cirque position. While the final profiles are relatively insensitive to the erosion rule used, quarrying is most effective near the upper glacier, whereas abrasion reflects the instantaneous pattern of integrated ice discharge"--Leafves xiii-xiv
Book Synopsis Quantitative Constraints on the Glacial and Fluvial Evolution of Alpine Landscapes by : Catherine Anne Riihimaki
Download or read book Quantitative Constraints on the Glacial and Fluvial Evolution of Alpine Landscapes written by Catherine Anne Riihimaki and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution by : Sean D. Willett
Download or read book Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution written by Sean D. Willett and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Liwu River runs a short course; its channel head at the water divide in Taiwan's Central Range is a mere 35 km from its outflow into the Pacific Ocean. But in those short 35 km, the Liwu has carved one of the world's geographic wonders: the spectacular Taroko Gorge with marble and granite walls soaring nearly 1000 m above the river channel. Taroko Gorge was a fitting venue for a 2003 Penrose Conference that addressed the coupled processes of tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution. The young mountains, extreme weather, and dramatic landforms provided an appropriate backdrop to wide-ranging discussions of geomorphic processes, climate and meteorology, sediment generation and transport, the effects of erosion on tectonics, and new analytical and modeling tools used to address these processes and problems. This volume's papers extend that discussion, reaching across fields that have experienced rapid advances in the past decade."--Publisher's website.
Book Synopsis Glacier Science and Environmental Change by : Peter G. Knight
Download or read book Glacier Science and Environmental Change written by Peter G. Knight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glacier Science and Environmental Change is an authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world’s foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section (with selected extra figures provided in color at www.blackwellpublishing.com/knight). The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. Glacier Science and Environmental Change is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.
Book Synopsis Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling by : Russell S. Harmon
Download or read book Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling written by Russell S. Harmon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscapes are characterized by a wide variation, both spatially and temporally, of tolerance and response to natural processes and anthropogenic stress. These tolerances and responses can be analyzed through individual landscape parameters, such as soils, vegetation, water, etc., or holistically through ecosystem or watershed studies. However, such approaches are both time consuming and costly. Soil erosion and landscape evolution modeling provide a simulation environment in which both the short- and long-term consequences of land-use activities and alternative land use strategies can be compared and evaluated. Such models provide the foundation for the development of land management decision support systems. Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling is a state-of-the-art, interdisciplinary volume addressing the broad theme of soil erosion and landscape evolution modeling from different philosophical and technical approaches, ranging from those developed from considerations of first-principle soil/water physics and mechanics to those developed empirically according to sets of behavioral or empirical rules deriving from field observations and measurements. The validation and calibration of models through field studies is also included. This volume will be essential reading for researchers in earth, environmental and ecosystem sciences, hydrology, civil engineering, forestry, soil science, agriculture and climate change studies. In addition, it will have direct relevance to the public and private land management communities.
Book Synopsis Experimental Insights Into Subglacial Mechanics by : Dougal Douglas Omar Hansen
Download or read book Experimental Insights Into Subglacial Mechanics written by Dougal Douglas Omar Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice mass flux for many of the world's most active glaciers and ice streams arises from glacier ice slipping over a lubricated substrate of bedrock or sediment. The physics controlling this "basal slip" fundamentally control glacier dynamics and drive the rapid denudation of alpine landscapes. Many tenets in the field of glaciology related to these processes currently lack a solid empirical basis, yet are repeatedly applied in theory or models of glacier dynamics and landscape evolution. Until these assumptions are thoroughly vetted, our understanding of glacier processes will be limited by this uncertainty. Here, I employ a range of novel experimental techniques to test long-standing hypotheses regarding the mechanics of hard and soft glacier beds. Specifically, I focus on questions related to subglacial rock friction/abrasion, which increases drag at the ice-bed interface and drives erosion, and till deformation, a first-order control on glacier dynamics, landform generation, and erosion. In chapter one, I constrain the influence of two fundamental controls on subglacial sediment transport during till deformation-effective stress and slip speed. Using digital image correlation to quantify flux rates from a photographic time series of the till bed, I demonstrate that sediment flux scales nearly linearly with slip speed when ice and till are coupled, but flux varies non-monotonically with effective stress, contradicting prior assumptions. In chapter two, I test physical controls on subglacial friction for hard-bedded glaciers under drained hydrologic conditions. Using a modified direct shear apparatus with an insulating sample chamber, I slid limestone slabs beneath slabs of debris-laden ice and assessed the relative influence of basal melt rate, effective stress and ice temperature on frictional resistance during slip. I show that basal drag scales linearly with both melt rate and normal stress in these experiments, confirming they influence the contact force in the presence of efficient drainage. Lastly in chapter three, I examine physical expression of rock-on-rock friction at glacier beds-subglacial abrasion-and use these observations to test the validity of the basal-power abrasion law. Using a novel cryogenic ring shear device in concert with the direct shear, I produce the most realistic simulations of abrasion to date, estimate abrasion rates from high-resolution 3D models of the eroded surface, and then quantify the energy dissipated through this process during slip. For planar rock beds, I show that i) average rock-frictional shear force at the bed increases linearly with abraded volume (per unit area), ii) abrasion rates increase linearly with basal power, and iii) percentage of slip energy expended through abrasion is one-two orders of magnitude lower than prior estimates
Download or read book Treatise on Geomorphology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 6392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing focus and approach of geomorphic research suggests that the time is opportune for a summary of the state of discipline. The number of peer-reviewed papers published in geomorphic journals has grown steadily for more than two decades and, more importantly, the diversity of authors with respect to geographic location and disciplinary background (geography, geology, ecology, civil engineering, computer science, geographic information science, and others) has expanded dramatically. As more good minds are drawn to geomorphology, and the breadth of the peer-reviewed literature grows, an effective summary of contemporary geomorphic knowledge becomes increasingly difficult. The fourteen volumes of this Treatise on Geomorphology will provide an important reference for users from undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic. Information on the historical development of diverse topics within geomorphology provides context for ongoing research; discussion of research strategies, equipment, and field methods, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations reflect the multiple approaches to understanding Earth’s surfaces; and summaries of outstanding research questions highlight future challenges and suggest productive new avenues for research. Our future ability to adapt to geomorphic changes in the critical zone very much hinges upon how well landform scientists comprehend the dynamics of Earth’s diverse surfaces. This Treatise on Geomorphology provides a useful synthesis of the state of the discipline, as well as highlighting productive research directions, that Educators and students/researchers will find useful. Geomorphology has advanced greatly in the last 10 years to become a very interdisciplinary field. Undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic will find the answers they need in this broad reference work which has been designed and written to accommodate their diverse backgrounds and levels of understanding Editor-in-Chief, Prof. J. F. Shroder of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, is past president of the QG&G section of the Geological Society of America and present Trustee of the GSA Foundation, while being well respected in the geomorphology research community and having won numerous awards in the field. A host of noted international geomorphologists have contributed state-of-the-art chapters to the work. Readers can be guaranteed that every chapter in this extensive work has been critically reviewed for consistency and accuracy by the World expert Volume Editors and by the Editor-in-Chief himself No other reference work exists in the area of Geomorphology that offers the breadth and depth of information contained in this 14-volume masterpiece. From the foundations and history of geomorphology through to geomorphological innovations and computer modelling, and the past and future states of landform science, no "stone" has been left unturned!
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Glacier Erosion at Convergent Margins by : Yann Merrand
Download or read book Glacier Erosion at Convergent Margins written by Yann Merrand and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Saint Elias range of South Alaska is known for its rapid erosion and uplift (order of 1 cm/yr), extreme relief at Mt. St. Elias reaching ~5800 m within 15 km of Pacific waters, and long history of tidewater glaciation extending to the Pliocene. The region is a natural laboratory to examine the coupling between tectonics, climate and topography, and the evolution of mountain ranges under the influence of glacial ice. To better understand the spatial and temporal distribution of glacial erosion and the parameters that control the landscapes they generate, I have built a physically based 2-dimensional model of glacial erosion forced by climate on glacial cycle time scale and applied it to the Seward-Malaspina glacier system. This numerical model should also prove useful in interpreting the growing thermochronological record of exhumation within the range, the sedimentary record in the Northeast Pacific and the climatic signature contained in the spatial and temporal distribution of sediment depocenters. The model integrates the seasonal evolution of glacial mass balance and basal hydrology, as well as accounts for ice dynamics, thermal regime, bedrock erosion by glacier quarrying and abrasion, sediment transfer, and tidewater processes. Field measurements of basin-wide erosion rates, glacier mass balance, ice velocity and glacier geometry conducted during the course of this study and as well as glaciological data available in the scientific literature are used to constrain model parameters. In addition, seismic profiling of Vitus Lake in front of the massive Bering-Bagley glacier system allowed computing a basin wide erosion rate of almost 6mm/yr averaged over 30 years of sediment accumulation for arguably the largest temperate glacier in the world. Model results indicate that ice flux per unit glacier width and sliding velocity, controlled by mass balance and valley width, exert an important influence over the distribution of glacier erosion. Yet, basal effective pressure as dictated by subglacial hydraulics and sediments protecting the substrate often overcome all other parameters in dictating erosional patterns, thereby suggesting that accounting for the degree of decoupling between ice and the bed and the presence of sediment is necessary to capture the essence of the distribution of glacial erosion in numerical models. Integration of these factors over glacial cycles allows establishing the spatial distribution of erosion for Seward-Malaspina Glacier that is consistent with long-term denudation revealed by the thermochronological data available for the region.
Book Synopsis Geomorphology of Proglacial Systems by : Tobias Heckmann
Download or read book Geomorphology of Proglacial Systems written by Tobias Heckmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recession of alpine glaciers since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), which has been accelerating in the past decades. It provides an overview of the research in the field, presenting definitions and information about the different proglacial areas and systems. A number of case studies are from the PROSA project group which encompasses the expertise of geomorphologists, geologists, glaciologists and geodesists. The PROSA joint project (High-resolution measurements of morphodynamics in rapidly changing PROglacial Systems of the Alps) is determined to tackle the problems of geomorphic activity on sediment export through a quantification of sediment fluxes effected by the aforementioned geomorphic processes within the forefield of the Gepatschferner glacier (Central Alps, Austria).
Book Synopsis A Model for Holocene Glacial Erosion at Peyto Glacier, Alberta by : Robert James Vogt
Download or read book A Model for Holocene Glacial Erosion at Peyto Glacier, Alberta written by Robert James Vogt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Glaciers play an important role in the evolution of many mountain landscapes. The primary goal of this study is to model rates of contemporary glacier erosion through numerical modeling. The first part of this study uses a regional glaciation model and couples to it (i) a process-driven erosion model that includes abrasion and quarrying; and (ii) a sliding-based power relation erosion model as used in landscape evolution models. A sensitivity analysis reveals that abrasion is sensitive to the grain-size distribution, the choice of sliding parameters, and the debris hardness/concentration parameter. Quarrying rates primarily depend on the height and spacing of bed irregularities. The sliding model is sensitive to a proportionality constant which is not physically constrained. The second part of the study uses the developed erosion models to estimate glacier erosion for Peyto Glacier. The models predict higher rates of primary glacier erosion than those estimated by sediment recovery from Peyto Lake. Contrary to observations of sediment yield from the catchment, both models predict a decrease in erosion rates during glacial retreat. Changes in sediment storage beneath the glacier are believed to account for the discrepancy between observed and modeled sediment yield. Over the past 2000 years, major differences are seen between the models during extreme climate periods such as the Medieval climate anomoly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These differences do not depend on the exact choice of modeling parameters but rather the inter-decadal to century-scale variability inherent in the climate proxy data used to force the models."--Leaf i.
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Book Synopsis Landscapes on the Edge by : National Research Council
Download or read book Landscapes on the Edge written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-25 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During geologic spans of time, Earth's shifting tectonic plates, atmosphere, freezing water, thawing ice, flowing rivers, and evolving life have shaped Earth's surface features. The resulting hills, mountains, valleys, and plains shelter ecosystems that interact with all life and provide a record of Earth surface processes that extend back through Earth's history. Despite rapidly growing scientific knowledge of Earth surface interactions, and the increasing availability of new monitoring technologies, there is still little understanding of how these processes generate and degrade landscapes. Landscapes on the Edge identifies nine grand challenges in this emerging field of study and proposes four high-priority research initiatives. The book poses questions about how our planet's past can tell us about its future, how landscapes record climate and tectonics, and how Earth surface science can contribute to developing a sustainable living surface for future generations.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Fluvial and Glacial Erosion Using (detrital) Thermochronology, Cosmogenic Nuclides and Numerical Modelling by : Cornelia Wangenheim
Download or read book Quantifying Fluvial and Glacial Erosion Using (detrital) Thermochronology, Cosmogenic Nuclides and Numerical Modelling written by Cornelia Wangenheim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alpine landscape evolution, glacial erosion, thermochronology. - Alpine Landschaftsentwicklung, glaziale Erosion, Thermochronologie
Download or read book Glaciokarsts written by Márton Veress and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the theoretical and practical issues of glaciokarsts. After a research history, a general description of glaciokarsts is provided. Thereafter, the glacial erosion on karst, the karstic features of glaciokarsts, the development of these features, the karstic zones of glaciokarsts, surface development of glaciokarsts, case studies on glaciokarsts and an overview of the glaciokarsts of the Earth are presented.
