Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition

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Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780267138784
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (387 download)

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Book Synopsis Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition by : Uri Ronnen

Download or read book Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition written by Uri Ronnen and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition: April, 1991 When choosing between alternative policies, legislators are concerned with the effects of the different policies on their constituencies' welfare. Previous research on minimum quality standards (leland (1979) and Shapiro has demonstrated the existence of a group of consumers who are worse ofl' as a result of the mqs policy. They are worse off either because their favorite qualities are no longer supplied or because of the resulting higher prices. The existence of consumers who suffer as a result of the standard might discourage legislators from adopting a socially improving mqs. Contrary to these previous results and concerns, I show again, due to the assumption of price competition in the presence of fixed costs that all participating consumers are strictly better off as a result of the mqs policy. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition by : Uri Ronnen

Download or read book Minimum Quality Standards, Fixed Costs, and Competition written by Uri Ronnen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Minimum Quality Standards with More Than Two Firms Under Cournot Competition

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Minimum Quality Standards with More Than Two Firms Under Cournot Competition by : Mario Pezzino

Download or read book Minimum Quality Standards with More Than Two Firms Under Cournot Competition written by Mario Pezzino and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a study of the effects of the introduction of a Minimum Quality Standard (MQS) in a vertically differentiated market in which three identical firms compete in quantities in the short run and face quality-dependent fixed costs. In contrast to what has been shown under the assumption of Bertrand triopolistic competition (Scarpa, 1998), the introduction of an MQS has a positive effect on the average provision of quality.

Minimum quality standards in global health. Impact and incentives

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668963010
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis Minimum quality standards in global health. Impact and incentives by : Felix Lerch

Download or read book Minimum quality standards in global health. Impact and incentives written by Felix Lerch and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 1,0, University of Würzburg (Lehrstuhl für Logistik und Quantitative Methoden), language: English, abstract: In developing countries people do not have adequate access to essential medicines. These countries’ health care systems lack the financial resources for providing appropriate and comprehensive medical support. Moreover, there is a demand for medical innovations which allow fighting neglected diseases. Global health organizations provide assistance during the procurement process of medicines for countries which are subjected to these challenges. In order to ensure that only the right products for the intended purpose at appropriate quality levels reach those in need, these organizations require specific quality standards from their suppliers. With the demand for the implementation of quality assurance measures for pharmaceutical manufactures, the question about the impact of quality standards arises. This thesis provides answers to the question whether and how market participants are affected by these factors. For this purpose, this work makes use of several papers dealing with the effects of introducing a minimum quality standard (MQS). Since organizations aim at ensuring security of supply at affordable prices, further questions evolve regarding new product development and competition between firms: How can organizations incentivize innovation and market entry of pharmaceutical manufacturers? Which tools do they use and can these tools address possible drawbacks of the introduction of a MQS? An answer to the latter question is given by connecting the results of game-theoretical models with the approaches of existing incentive mechanisms in global health. The remaining part of this thesis is structured in the following way: Section 2 presents three organizations and their approaches to ensure the product’s compliance with quality standards. In section 3, several game-theoretical models on MQS are analyzed and compared. The analysis highlights the models’ findings, as well as differences between them and the models’ construction. Section 4 considers several incentive mechanisms for suppliers.

Certification and Minimum Quality Standards When Some Consumers are Uninformed

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Certification and Minimum Quality Standards When Some Consumers are Uninformed by : Benno Buehler

Download or read book Certification and Minimum Quality Standards When Some Consumers are Uninformed written by Benno Buehler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We compare certification to a minimum quality standard (MQS) policy in a duopolistic industry where firms incur quality-dependent fixed costs and only a fraction of consumers observes the quality of the offered goods. Compared to the unregulated outcome, both profits and social welfare would increase if firms could commit to producing a higher quality. An MQS restricts the firms' quality choice and leads to less differentiated goods. This fuels competition and may therefore deter entry. A certification policy, which awards firms with a certificate if the quality of their products exceeds some threshold, does not restrict the firms' quality choice. In contrast to an MQS, certification may lead to more differentiated goods and higher profits. We find that firms are willing to comply with an ambitious certification standard if the share of informed consumers is small. In that case, certification is more effective from a welfare perspective than a minimum quality standard because it is less detrimental to entry.

Quality Competition in Markets with Regulated Prices and Minimum Quality Standards

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Quality Competition in Markets with Regulated Prices and Minimum Quality Standards by : Roberto Cellini

Download or read book Quality Competition in Markets with Regulated Prices and Minimum Quality Standards written by Roberto Cellini and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the equilibrium and its stability property in a duopoly market in which minimum quality standards (MQS) are set, prices are regulated with links to product quality, and firms compete in quality. The adjustment dynamics are taken into account. We focus on the role that MQS play, in affecting equilibrium allocations and the system dynamic properties. In particular, we show that chaotic dynamics may emerge, precisely due to MQS; under specific circumstances, MQS are responsible for the outcome of maximal differenciation in product qualities across providers.

Competing on Supply Chain Quality

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319254510
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Competing on Supply Chain Quality by : Anna Nagurney

Download or read book Competing on Supply Chain Quality written by Anna Nagurney and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book lays the foundations for quality modeling and analysis in the context of supply chains through a synthesis of the economics, operations management, as well as operations research/management science literature on quality. The reality of today's supply chain networks, given their global reach from sourcing locations to points of demand, is further challenged by such issues as the growth in outsourcing as well as the information asymmetry associated with what producers know about the quality of their products and what consumers know. Although much of the related literature has focused on the micro aspects of supply chain networks, considering two or three decision-makers, it is essential to capture the scale of supply chain networks in a holistic manner that occurs in practice in order to be able to evaluate and analyze the competition and the impacts on supply chain quality in a quantifiable manner. This volume provides an overview of the fundamental methodologies utilized in this book, including optimization theory, game theory, variational inequality theory, and projected dynamical systems theory. It then focuses on major issues in today's supply chains with respect to quality, beginning with information asymmetry, followed by product differentiation and branding, the outsourcing of production, from components to final products, to quality in freight service provision. The book is filled with numerous real-life examples in order to emphasize the generality and pragmatism of the models and tools. The novelty of the framework lies in a network economics perspective through which the authors identify the underlying network structure of the various supply chains, coupled with the behavior of the decision-makers, ranging from suppliers and manufacturers to freight service providers. What is meant by quality is rigorously defined and quantified. The authors explore the underlying dynamics associated with the competitive processes along with the equilibrium solutions. As appropriate, the supply chain decision-makers compete in terms of quantity and quality, or in price and quality. The relevance of the various models that are developed to specific industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals and high technology products, is clearly made. Qualitative analyses are provided, along with effective, and, easy to implement, computational procedures. Finally, the impacts of policy interventions, in the form of minimum quality standards, and their ramifications, in terms of product prices, quality levels, as well as profits are explored. The book is filled with many network figures, graphs, and tables with data.

Quality Standards, Value Chains, and International Development

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316368270
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Quality Standards, Value Chains, and International Development by : Johan Swinnen

Download or read book Quality Standards, Value Chains, and International Development written by Johan Swinnen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades, the world has witnessed an unprecedented growth in global value chains, propelled by increasingly demanding quality standards. These trends lead to concerns about the impact of value chains on development and poverty and about the possible protectionist nature of quality standards in rich countries. This book offers the first integrated theoretical analysis of the economic and political factors which determine the level of quality standards, as well as their economic effects along the value chain. Using realistic assumptions motivated by empirical research, the theoretical framework in this book makes it possible to study the efficiency effects as well as the distributional consequences of one of the most striking evolutions affecting global trade and development today.

The Economics of Minimum Quality Standards Imposed by Agricultural Producer Organizations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Minimum Quality Standards Imposed by Agricultural Producer Organizations by : Tina Lynn Saitone

Download or read book The Economics of Minimum Quality Standards Imposed by Agricultural Producer Organizations written by Tina Lynn Saitone and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Anticompetitive Impact of Regulation

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781009611
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Anticompetitive Impact of Regulation by : Giuliano Amato

Download or read book The Anticompetitive Impact of Regulation written by Giuliano Amato and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book addresses the important issue of the negative effects of anticompetitive regulation on industry and the massive economic harm it causes. The distinguished contributors, including economic and legal scholars, advocate the need for a review of all anticompetitive laws and address several industry and country case studies with the ultimate aim of providing recommendations to eliminate the impact of anticompetitive regulation. The first part of the book considers regulations affecting private business and professions, part two covers public utility and public services regulation, whilst part three discusses the role of institutions and competition authorities in relation to anticompetitive practices. The authors draft guidelines, based on economic evidence and legal arguments, which they believe would provide a starting point for the European Union to address the problem. They go on to propose possible implementation strategies for these guidelines from both an institutional and legal perspective. The book also includes a historical perspective on the evolution of anticompetitive regulation complemented by an overview of the actions currently being implemented to address and reverse the problem in other jurisdictions.

Global Supply Chains, Standards and the Poor

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Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845931858
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Supply Chains, Standards and the Poor by : Johan F. M. Swinnen

Download or read book Global Supply Chains, Standards and the Poor written by Johan F. M. Swinnen and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the restructuring of the agri-food industry and the rise of global retail chains in developing and transition countries, focusing on the implications of these changes for the poor. Part I (chapters 2-7) (i) identifies global changes in food standards and supply chains, (ii) explains their emergence and relevance for today's trade and development debate, and (iii) presents a series of conceptual frameworks necessary to understand the changes and their effects. Part II (chapters 8-18) contains a set of empirical studies, organized by region, which present new quantitative information on the effects of globalization and vertical contracting in modern supply chains in developing, emerging and transition countries. Part III (chapters 19-22) discusses the implications of these developments for the international policy agenda. The book has a subject index.

The Principles of Mutual Recognition in the European Integration Process

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230524354
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Principles of Mutual Recognition in the European Integration Process by : F. Schioppa

Download or read book The Principles of Mutual Recognition in the European Integration Process written by F. Schioppa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-31 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutual Recognition (MR) implies that each Member State is free to use the standards for production it prefers but cannot inhibit the import from other Member States lawfully using other standards, unless justified by emergency reasons. The home country rule then prevails on the host country. Barriers to entry diminish, competition rises in the internal market. This volume looks at a number of aspects of MR, including why its importance cannot be understood outside the general practice of free movement and how some elements of MR already emerge in the skilled labour market of professionals.

An Economic Theory of Managerial Firms

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317218256
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis An Economic Theory of Managerial Firms by : Luca Lambertini

Download or read book An Economic Theory of Managerial Firms written by Luca Lambertini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The separation between ownership and control has become common practice over the last century, in most medium and large firms across the world. Throughout the twentieth century, the theory of the firm and the theory of industrial organization developed parallel and complementary views on managerial firms. This book offers a comprehensive exposition of this debate. In its survey of strategic delegation in oligopoly games, An Economic Theory of Managerial Firms is able to offer a reinterpretation of a range of standard results in the light of the fact that the control of firms is generally not in the hand of its owners. The theoretical models are supported by a wealth of real-world examples, in order to provide a study of strategic delegation that is far more in-depth than has previously been found in the literature on industrial organization. In this volume, analysis is extended in several directions to cover applications concerning the role of: managerial firms in mixed market; collusion and mergers; divisionalization and vertical relations; technical progress; product differentiation; international trade; environmental issues; and the intertemporal growth of firms. This book is of great interest to those who study industrial economics, organizational studies and industrial studies.

Oligopoly, the Environment and Natural Resources

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134613555
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Oligopoly, the Environment and Natural Resources by : Luca Lambertini

Download or read book Oligopoly, the Environment and Natural Resources written by Luca Lambertini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial production and consumption patterns rely heavily on the intensive use of both renewable and non-renewable resources and the consequences for the environment can be serious. Following a long period of time where the profit incentives of firms have prevailed over preservation of the environment and the world’s natural resources, a new consensus has emerged concerning the need to regulate firm behaviour, aimed at ensuring the sustainability of the economic system in the long run. This book offers an exhaustive overview of current economic debate about these topics, taking modern oligopoly theory as a benchmark. The first part of the book covers static models dealing with incentives for green research and development, Pigovian taxation, cartels, environmental quality and international trade, as well as the role of corporate social responsibility, public firms and consumer environmental awareness as endogenous regulatory instruments. Then, the author moves on to examine the role of time while drawing from optimal control and differential game theory. This opens the way to the discussion of fair discount rates to ensure the welfare of future generations, as well as the long run sustainability of production and consumption patterns.

Essays on Price Discrimination and Minimum Quality Standard

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Price Discrimination and Minimum Quality Standard by : Ho-saeng Yi

Download or read book Essays on Price Discrimination and Minimum Quality Standard written by Ho-saeng Yi and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Industrial Organization

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008055184X
Total Pages : 943 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Industrial Organization by : Mark Armstrong

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Organization written by Mark Armstrong and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is Volume 3 of the Handbook of Industrial Organization series (HIO). Volumes 1 & 2 published simultaneously in 1989 and many of the chapters were widely cited and appeared on graduate reading lists. Since the first volumes published, the field of industrial organization has continued to evolve and this volume fills the gaps. While the first two volumes of HIO contain much more discussion of the theoretical literature than of the empirical literature, it was representative of the field at that time. Since then, the empirical literature has flourished, while the theoretical literature has continued to grow, and this new volume reflects that change of emphasis. Thie volume is an excellent reference and teaching supplement for industrial organization or industrial economics, the microeconomics field that focuses on business behavior and its implications for both market structures and processes, and for related public policies. *Part of the renowned Handbooks in Economics series *Chapters are contributed by some of the leading experts in their fields *A source, reference and teaching supplement for industrial organizations or industrial economists

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy

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Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0199681325
Total Pages : 923 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy by : Jayson L. Lusk

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy written by Jayson L. Lusk and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First reference on food consumption and policy.