Microweighing In Vacuum And Controlled Environments

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Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments

Author : A.W. Czanderna
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444596461
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments by : A.W. Czanderna

Download or read book Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments written by A.W. Czanderna and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods and Phenomena, 4: Their Applications in Science and Technology: Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in micro mass measurements. The selection first elaborates on introduction and microbalance review, beam microbalance design, construction and operation, and sources of error in microweighing in controlled environments. Discussions focus on Brownian motion, Knudsen forces, gravitational forces, microbalance construction and operation, auxiliary equipment for operation of a vacuum microbalance, undesirable disturbances or forces, calibration techniques, and classification of various types of microbalances. The text then takes a look at physical adsorption studies and chemisorption studies with the vacuum microbalance, simultaneous microgravimetric and residual gas analyzer measurements, and simultaneous measurement of mass change and infrared spectra. Topics include chemisorption results obtained on other solids and silver powders, probing the surface phase, quantitative information from adsorption and desorption, measuring techniques, and examples of physisorption measurements and their evaluation. The manuscript examines unusual applications of the vacuum microbalance and high temperature reaction studies, as well as empirical and theoretical rate laws, permeation of water vapor through plastic membranes, and measurement of permittivity and dielectric loss factor. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to explore microweighing in vacuum and controlled environments.

Ultra Micro Weight Determination in Controlled Environments

Author : S. P. Wolsky
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultra Micro Weight Determination in Controlled Environments by : S. P. Wolsky

Download or read book Ultra Micro Weight Determination in Controlled Environments written by S. P. Wolsky and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1969 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances

Author : C. Lu
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444596488
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances by : C. Lu

Download or read book Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances written by C. Lu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances deals with the theory, design, artifacts, and varied applications of the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance. Applications of microbalances range from thin film deposition process control to simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature, analytical chemistry, and space system contamination studies. Stress effects in microbalances are also considered. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a historical background and overview of applications of piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalances, followed by an analysis of the theory and practice of microbalances. The role of acoustic impedance in a quartz crystal microbalance and design considerations for a microbalance are given emphasis. Subsequent chapters focus on applications of microbalances in thin film deposition process control; simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature; surface science and analytical chemistry; plasma-assisted etching and space system contamination studies; and aerosol mass measurement. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and materials science.

Balances

Author : Erich Robens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642364470
Total Pages : 743 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Balances by : Erich Robens

Download or read book Balances written by Erich Robens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals mainly with direct mass determination by means of a conventional balances. It covers the history of the balance from the beginnings in Egypt earlier than 3000 BC to recent developments. All balance types are described with emphasis on scientific balances. Methods of indirect mass determination, which are applied to very light objects like molecules and the basic particles of matter and celestial bodies, are included. As additional guidance, today’s manufacturers are listed and the profile of important companies is reviewed. Several hundred photographs, reproductions and drawings show instruments and their uses. This book includes commercial weighing instruments for merchandise and raw materials in workshops as well as symbolic weighing in the ancient Egyptian’s ceremony of ‘Weighing of the Heart’, the Greek fate balance, the Roman Justitia, Juno Moneta and Middle Ages scenes of the Last Judgement with Jesus or St. Michael and of modern balances. The photographs are selected from the slide-archives of the late Richard Vieweg (1896-1972) (former President of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany), of the late Hans R. Jenemann (1920-1966) (former head of the Analytical Laboratory of Schott & Gen., Mainz, Germany) and of his wife Irene (1933-2008) and of Erich Robens.

Catalysis

Author : John R. Anderson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642932789
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalysis by : John R. Anderson

Download or read book Catalysis written by John R. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic oxidation processes are bf central importance to a substantial part of large-scale chemical industry. Indeed, this area of industrial catalysis has an extremely long history which stretches back well into the last century. The development and growth of catalytic oxi dation processes for the manufacture of commodities such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid can be viewed as indicators for the growth of the early and middle years of the entire inorganic chemical industry, and in an analogous fashion the manufacture of products such as phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and ethylene oxide has been central to the development of an organic chemical industry. We should all be able" to learn from history, and present-day scientists and technologists will find considerable benefit in following the account of the historical development of catalytic oxidation processes presented in Chapter I by Drs. G. Chinchen, P. Davies and R. J. Sampson. Alkenes are important intermediates in many processes in organic chemical industry. Being mostly petroleum derived, the alkene availability pattern does not necessar ily match consumption requirements and an alkene inter conversion process such as metathesis is clearly of in dustrial importance. In fact alkene metathesis, in addi tion to its industrial significance, poses an interesting mechanistic problem. upon which considerable effort has been expended in recent years and which is now fairly well understood.

Vacuum Microbalance Techniques

Author : A. W. Czanderna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475701330
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Vacuum Microbalance Techniques by : A. W. Czanderna

Download or read book Vacuum Microbalance Techniques written by A. W. Czanderna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Vacuum Microbalance Techniques held at Wakefield, Massachusetts on June 12 and 13, 1969. The tenth anniversary of the first confer ence will be registered as this volume passes through the typeset ting and proofreading stages. The eight volumes that have spawned from this continuing series of conferences now contain a total of 125 papers. Thus, these volumes serve as a major repository of the world's literature on vacuum microbalance techniques. The Ninth and Tenth Conferences will be held in West Germany in June 1970 and in Texas in 1971. Each of the eight meetings has served as a forum where new developments in this rapidly advancing field can be presented and discussed constructively within a conference atmosphere of cordial informality. The interaction of the participants at the conferences has led to the first treatise on ultra mlcrogravtmetry;' edited by S. P. Wolsky and E. J. Zdanuk, with most of the fourteen chapters written by steady contributors to the volumes on Vacuum Micro balance Techniques. The number of research investigations and published works in which a vacuum microbalance is utilized con tinues to expandr apldly. f This is a direct result of several types of automatic recording balances that are now available commercial ly. 3 The Eighth Conference was held to bring together again re search scientists and engineers who exploit the measurement of mass as a means of studying physical and chemical phenomena.

Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing

Author : D. M. Mattox
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0080946585
Total Pages : 947 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing by : D. M. Mattox

Download or read book Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing written by D. M. Mattox and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of physical vapor deposition (PVD) process technology from the characterizing and preparing the substrate material, through deposition processing and film characterization, to post-deposition processing. The emphasis of the book is on the aspects of the process flow that are critical to economical deposition of films that can meet the required performance specifications. The book covers subjects seldom treated in the literature: substrate characterization, adhesion, cleaning and the processing. The book also covers the widely discussed subjects of vacuum technology and the fundamentals of individual deposition processes. However, the author uniquely relates these topics to the practical issues that arise in PVD processing, such as contamination control and film growth effects, which are also rarely discussed in the literature. In bringing these subjects together in one book, the reader can understand the interrelationship between various aspects of the film deposition processing and the resulting film properties. The author draws upon his long experience with developing PVD processes and troubleshooting the processes in the manufacturing environment, to provide useful hints for not only avoiding problems, but also for solving problems when they arise. He uses actual experiences, called ""war stories"", to emphasize certain points. Special formatting of the text allows a reader who is already knowledgeable in the subject to scan through a section and find discussions that are of particular interest. The author has tried to make the subject index as useful as possible so that the reader can rapidly go to sections of particular interest. Extensive references allow the reader to pursue subjects in greater detail if desired. The book is intended to be both an introduction for those who are new to the field and a valuable resource to those already in the field. The discussion of transferring technology between R&D and manufacturing provided in Appendix 1, will be of special interest to the manager or engineer responsible for moving a PVD product and process from R&D into production. Appendix 2 has an extensive listing of periodical publications and professional societies that relate to PVD processing. The extensive Glossary of Terms and Acronyms provided in Appendix 3 will be of particular use to students and to those not fully conversant with the terminology of PVD processing or with the English language.

Introduction to Thermal Analysis

Author : M.E. Brown
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306484048
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Thermal Analysis by : M.E. Brown

Download or read book Introduction to Thermal Analysis written by M.E. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to Thermal Analysis Techniques and Applications Edited by Michael E. Brown Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-48404-8 Print ISBN: 1-4020-0472-9 ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline. com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks. kluweronline. com CONTENTS Preface to the First Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1988 ix About the First Edition of this Book x Preface to the Second Edition xi 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Definition and History 1 1. 2 Thermal Analysis Instruments 4 References 11 2. THERMAL EVENTS 2. 1 Introduction 13 2. 2 The Solid State 13 2. 3 Reactions of Solids 14 2. 4 Decomposition of Solids 15 2. 5 Reaction with the Surrounding Atmosphere 16 2. 6 Solid-Solid Interactions 16 References 17 3. THERMOGRAVIMETRY (TG) Introduction 3. 1 19 3. 2 The Balance 19 3. 3 Heating the Sample 21 3. 4 The Atmosphere 24 3. 5 The Sample 26 3. 6 Temperature Measurement 26 3. 7 Temperature Control 28 Sample Controlled Thermal Analysis (SCTA) 29 3. 8 3. 9 Calibration 36 3. 10 Presentation of TG Data 37 3.

Vacuum Technology

Author : A. Roth
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 044459874X
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Vacuum Technology by : A. Roth

Download or read book Vacuum Technology written by A. Roth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third updated and enlarged edition includes about 350 new papers added to the previous list of references. The contents have been revised and updated in the areas of: Thermonuclear pumping; Throughput; Transmission probability; Electronic circuit simulation; Sorption on charcoal; Desorption from porous materials; Desorption from stainless steel, A1 alloys (outgassing rates); Ion bombardment (glow discharge) cleaning; Clay - type pumps; Turbomolecular pumps-improvements; Cryosorption; NEG (Nonevaporable getter) linear pumps; Standards for measurement of pumping speed (Recommended practice, test domes); Spinning rotor gauges; Quartz friction gauges; Increase of sensitivity of thermocouple gauges; Lubrication in vacuum; Calibration of diffusion leaks; Improvements in leak detection. Besides its role in educational activities, the book will also serve as a handbook for those working in this field, or in fields connected to Vacuum Technology.Comments from the press on the second edition:"A valuable reference work for undergraduate libraries...well organized and clearly written and strikes an appropriate balance between completeness and attention to fundamentals. The index and references are unusually complete. Recommended." (Choice) "Roth's new book contains a comprehensive collection of information on rarefied-gas flow, physical and chemical phenomena associated with vacuum technology, the production and measurement of high vacuum and sealing and leak-detection techniques. One finds a wealth of equations, numerical examples, tables, graphs and monographs. The book is more a handbook than a source book of latest developments. It is suitable for teaching, but the wealth of organized data should also make the book highly useful to engineers..." (Physics Today)

Proceedings of the Symposia on Corrosion in Batteries and Fuel Cells and Corrosion in Solar Energy Systems

Author : Chris J. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Symposia on Corrosion in Batteries and Fuel Cells and Corrosion in Solar Energy Systems by : Chris J. Johnson

Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposia on Corrosion in Batteries and Fuel Cells and Corrosion in Solar Energy Systems written by Chris J. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Introduction to Thermal Analysis

Author : Michael E. Brown
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Thermal Analysis by : Michael E. Brown

Download or read book Introduction to Thermal Analysis written by Michael E. Brown and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-06-30 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic principles and practical requirements of the main techniques are discussed. The author also introduces less common techniques and gives examples of applications. Special attention is given to the use of computers in thermal analysis. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Ultrasound

Author : F.J. Fry
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483289575
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultrasound by : F.J. Fry

Download or read book Ultrasound written by F.J. Fry and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods and Phenomena, 3: Ultrasound: Its Applications in Medicine and Biology, Part II focuses on the applications of ultrasound in biology and medicine, including irradiation, acoustic attenuation, and impedance distribution. The selection first tackles selected non-thermal mechanisms of interaction of ultrasound and biological media, therapy with continuous wave ultrasound, and pulse echo visualization. Discussions focus on imaging properties, modes of operation, rationale for selecting ultrasound as a therapeutic agent, mechanical disarrangement of tissue structures, and wave distortion. The manuscript then examines a research approach to visualization of breast tumors by ultrasound methods, acoustic characterization of tissue at the microscopic level, and intense focused ultrasound. Concerns cover systems for irradiation with intense focused ultrasound, interaction of intense focused ultrasound and biological tissue, sonomicroscopic characterization of tissues, acoustic attenuation and impedance distribution, velocity of sound distribution, and methods of procedure. The book tackles cavitation and its effects on organized mammalian tissues and thermal mechanisms in ultrasound-tissue interactions. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the applications of ultrasound in biology and medicine.

Ion Spectroscopies for Surface Analysis

Author : Alvin W. Czanderna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461537088
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Ion Spectroscopies for Surface Analysis by : Alvin W. Czanderna

Download or read book Ion Spectroscopies for Surface Analysis written by Alvin W. Czanderna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the elemental composition of surfaces is an essential measurement in characterizing solid surfaces. At present, many ap proaches may be applied for measuring the elemental and molecular composition of a surface. Each method has particular strengths and limitations that often are directly connected to the physical processes involved. Typically, atoms and molecules on the surface and in the near surface region may be excited by photons, electrons, ions, or neutrals, and the detected particles are emitted, ejected, or scattered ions or electrons. The purpose of this book is to bring together a discussion of the surface compositional analysis that depends on detecting scattered or sputtered ions, and the methods emphasized are those where instruments are commercially available for carrying out the analysis. For each topic treated, the physical principles, instrumentation, qualitative analysis, artifacts, quantitative analysis, applications, opportunities, and limita tions are discussed. The first chapter provides an overview of the role of elemental composition in surface science; compositional depth profiling; stimulation by an electric field, electrons, neutrals, or photons and detection of ions; and then stimulation by ions, and detection of ions, electrons, photons, or neutrals.

New Technical Books

Author : New York Public Library
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis New Technical Books by : New York Public Library

Download or read book New Technical Books written by New York Public Library and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Solar Materials Science

Author : Lawrence Murr
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 032314246X
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Materials Science by : Lawrence Murr

Download or read book Solar Materials Science written by Lawrence Murr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Materials Science is a collection of lecture series on solar and other related energy technologies, sponsored by the New Mexico Joint Center for Materials Science. This book is divided into three sections encompassing 21 chapters that discuss the basic concepts of materials science, their utilization in solar technology, and examples of this utilization and the technology. The introductory chapters present an overview of the solar materials science and technology. Section I describes the optical properties, microstructure, and materials used in solar collectors and mirrors. This section also examines metals emissivity, spectral selectivity of composite for absorbers, and corrosion of solar thermal energy materials. Section II deals with the application of thermodynamic principles and reversible chemical reactions to solar storage systems. This section also considers the materials problems encountered during the development of thermochemical concepts and schemes. Section III focuses on the principles, materials used, and encountered problems in the development of photovoltaic systems. The optimization of solar conversion devices is also covered in this section. Undergraduate and graduate students in metallurgy, metallurgical and materials engineering, materials science, electrical and mechanical engineering, engineering science, and solid-state physics and chemistry will greatly benefit from this book.

Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics

Author : Roy Laible
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444601643
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics by : Roy Laible

Download or read book Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics written by Roy Laible and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics deals with ballistically protective materials and penetration mechanics. The book discusses historical and practical considerations of ballistic protection, including metallic armor, as well as ballistic testing methodology, the ability of a protective material to stop or slow down a particular projectile, and the theoretical aspects of penetration mechanics. It also highlights the importance of stress wave analysis in the penetration and spalling phenomena. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of the armor and the modern helmet. It proceeds with a discussion of variations in ballistic test methods, errors in test methods, and the importance of the hardness and geometry of both the target and the projectile. The next chapters focus on the importance of fibrous armor, materials that are visually transparent and resistant to penetration by high-energy projectiles and fragments, and transparent armor and ceramic composite armor. The reader is also introduced to materials used in the design of metallic armor, the role of stress waves in the penetration problem, and the use of computer simulation to analyze ballistic impact experiments. The book looks at numerical techniques for modeling hypervelocity impact and concludes with a chapter on the penetration mechanics of textile structures. This book is a valuable resource for scientists working at government, industrial, and university laboratories, as well as law enforcement officers and others who want information on materials that provide the best protection against damage from impacts, explosions, and bullets.

Acoustic Wave Sensors

Author : D. S. Ballantine Jr.
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080523331
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Acoustic Wave Sensors by : D. S. Ballantine Jr.

Download or read book Acoustic Wave Sensors written by D. S. Ballantine Jr. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-21 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an interdisciplinary group of experts from both industry and academia, Acoustic Wave Sensors provides an in-depth look at the current state of acoustic wave devices and the scope of their use in chemical, biochemical, and physical measurements, as well as in engineering applications. Because of the inherent interdisciplinary applications of these devices, this book will be useful for the chemist and biochemist interested in the use and development ofthese sensors for specific applications; the electrical engineer involved in the design and improvement of these devices; the chemical engineer and the biotechnologist interested in using these devices for process monitoring and control; and the sensor community at large. - Provides in-depth comparison and analyses of different types of acoustic wave devices - Discusses operating principles and design considerations - Includes table of relevant material constants for quick reference - Presents an extensive review of current uses of these devices for chemical, biochemical, and physical measurements, and engineering applications