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Author : Bernard Jouffrey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Microscopie Électronique À Haute Tension 1975 written by Bernard Jouffrey and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F.C.M. Driessens
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849352805
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (528 download)
Download or read book Biominerals written by F.C.M. Driessens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of biominerals, in particular phosphates and carbonates of calcium. The book begins with a discussion of the theories of solid state chemistry and thermodynamics of ionic solid solutions and applies these theories to show how physiological constituents like sodium, magnesium, carbonate, chloride, fluoride, lead, or strontium influence the formation, stability, and solubility of calcium phosphates. The results of this discussion are then applied to a critical evaluation of data regarding minerals in bone, dentin, and tooth enamel, their formation during growth and turn-over, their stability under physiological conditions and their breakdown under pathological conditions. These principles are also applied to pathological calcifications such as renal calculi, arterial wall calcifications, chondrocalcinosis, dental calculus and salivary stones. A similar approach is used as the authors discuss carbonations such as calcite, dolomite, and aragonite. The book also includes an extensive analysis of the advantageous effects of magnesium supplementation. The wealth of knowledge in this extensive treatise of biominerals is valuable to medical, dental and ecological biologists, as well as scientists and clinicians in the fields of osteoporosis, bone diseases, caries, renal stone disease, parodontology and nutrition.
Author : John C. H. Spence
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199552754
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)
Download or read book High-Resolution Electron Microscopy written by John C. H. Spence and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how to see atoms using electron microscopes. This new edition includes updated sections on applications and new uses of atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Several new chapters and sources of software for image interpretation and electron-optical design have also been added.
Author : Ludwig Reimer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662135531
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to outline the physics of image formation, electron specimen interactions and image interpretation in transmission electron mic roscopy. The book evolved from lectures delivered at the University of Munster and is a revised version of the first part of my earlier book Elek tronenmikroskopische Untersuchungs- und Priiparationsmethoden, omitting the part which describes specimen-preparation methods. In the introductory chapter, the different types of electron microscope are compared, the various electron-specimen interactions and their applications are summarized and the most important aspects of high-resolution, analytical and high-voltage electron microscopy are discussed. The optics of electron lenses is discussed in Chapter 2 in order to bring out electron-lens properties that are important for an understanding of the function of an electron microscope. In Chapter 3, the wave optics of elec trons and the phase shifts by electrostatic and magnetic fields are introduced; Fresnel electron diffraction is treated using Huygens' principle. The recogni tion that the Fraunhofer-diffraction pattern is the Fourier transform of the wave amplitude behind a specimen is important because the influence of the imaging process on the contrast transfer of spatial frequencies can be described by introducing phase shifts and envelopes in the Fourier plane. In Chapter 4, the elements of an electron-optical column are described: the electron gun, the condenser and the imaging system. A thorough understanding of electron-specimen interactions is essential to explain image contrast.
Author : Peter W. Hawkes
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081022573
Total Pages : 729 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Principles of Electron Optics, Volume 1 written by Peter W. Hawkes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume one of Principles of Electron Optics: Basic Geometrical Optics, Second Edition, explores the geometrical optics needed to analyze an extremely wide range of instruments: cathode-ray tubes; the family of electron microscopes, including the fixed-beam and scanning transmission instruments, the scanning electron microscope and the emission microscope; electron spectrometers and mass spectrograph; image converters; electron interferometers and diffraction devices; electron welding machines; and electron-beam lithography devices. The book provides a self-contained, detailed, modern account of electron optics for anyone involved with particle beams of modest current density in the energy range up to a few mega-electronvolts. You will find all the basic equations with their derivations, recent ideas concerning aberration studies, extensive discussion of the numerical methods needed to calculate the properties of specific systems and guidance to the literature of all the topics covered. A continuation of these topics can be found in volume two, Principles of Electron Optics: Applied Geometrical Optics. The book is intended for postgraduate students and teachers in physics and electron optics, as well as researchers and scientists in academia and industry working in the field of electron optics, electron and ion microscopy and nanolithography. - Offers a fully revised and expanded new edition based on the latest research developments in electron optics - Written by the top experts in the field - Covers every significant advance in electron optics since the subject originated - Contains exceptionally complete and carefully selected references and notes - Serves both as a reference and text
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080880355
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invention of the electron microscope more than 70 years ago made it possible to visualize a new world, far smaller than anything that could be seen with the traditional microscope. The biologist could study viruses and the components of cells, the materials scientist could study the structure of metals and alloys and many other substances, and especially their defects. But even the electron microscope had limits, and truly atomic structure was still too small to be observed directly. The so-called "limit of resolution" of the microscope was well understood, but attempts to use the necessary correctors were unsuccessful until the late 1990s. Such correctors now equip many microscopes in Europe, the USA and Japan and the results are extremely impressive. Moreover, microscopists feel that they are only at the beginning of a new era of subatomic microscopic imaging. In the present volume, we have brought together the principal contributors, instrument designers and microscopists to discuss this topic in depth. First book on the subject of correctors Well known contributors from academia and microscope manufacturers Provides an ideal starting point for preparing funding proposals
Author : J.K. Koehler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642654924
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy written by J.K. Koehler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen a remarkable increase in the use of electron microscopy as a researm tool in biology and medicine. Thus, most institu tions of higher learning now boast several electron optical laboratories having various levels of sophistication. Training in the routine use of elec tron optical equipment and interpretation of results is no longer restricted to a few prestigious centers. On the other hand, temniques utilized by researm workers in the ultrastructural domain have become extremely diverse and complex. Although a large number of quite excellent volumes of electron microscopic temnique are now dedicated to the basic elements available whim allow the novice to acquire a reasonable introduction to the field, relatively few books have been devoted to a discussion of more ad vanced temnical aspects of the art. It was with this view that the present volume was conceived as a handy reference for workers already having some background in the field, as an information source for those wishing to shift efforts into more promising temniques, or for use as an advanced course or seminar guide. Subject matter has been mosen particularly on the basis of pertinence to present researm activities in biological electron microscopy and emphasis has been given those areas whim seem destined to greatly expand in useful ness in the near future.
Author : Jibamitra Ganguly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461390192
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Diffusion, Atomic Ordering, and Mass Transport written by Jibamitra Ganguly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fundamental objectives of physical geochemistry is to understand the evolution of geochemical systems from microscopic to regional and global scales. At present there seems to be a general recognition of the fact that internal properties of minerals record important aspects of the evolutionary history of their host rocks which may be unraveled by very fine scale observations. A major focus in the development of geochemical research in the last thirty years has been the application of classical thermodynamics to reconstruct the conditions at which the states of quenched mineralogical properties of rocks have equilibrated during the course of their evolution. While these works have funda mentally influenced our understanding ofthe physico-chemical history ofrocks, in recent years petrologists, mineralogists, and geochemists have been making greater efforts towards the application of kinetic theories in order to develop a better appreciation of the temporal details of geochemical processes. The present volume brings together a variety of current research on transport in systems of geochemical interest from atomic to outcrop scales. A major theme is atomic migration or diffusion, and its various manifestations on microscopic and macroscopic scales. Transport in the solid state is controlled by diffusion and is responsible for the states of atomic ordering and relaxation of composi tional zoning in minerals, development of compositional zoning during cooling, exsolution lamellae, and creep.
Author : Peter Buseck
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195364651
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Peter Buseck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1989-02-02 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts, techniques, and methods used for electron microscopy at high resolution in space, energy, and even in time. It delineates the theory of elastic scattering, which is most useful for spectroscopic and chemical analyses. There are also discussions of the theory and practice of image calculations, and applications of HRTEM to the study of solid surfaces, highly disordered materials, solid state chemistry, mineralogy, semiconductors and metals. Contributors include J. Cowley, J. Spence, P. Buseck, P. Self, and M.A. O'Keefe. Compiled by experts in the fields of geology, physics and chemistry, this comprehensive text will be the standard reference for years to come.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1042 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ian Parsons
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401111065
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Feldspars and their Reactions written by Ian Parsons and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feldspar minerals make up 60% of the crust of the Earth. They are stable in the upper mantle, and are so abundant in the crust that they form the basis of the classification of igneous rocks. At the surface, feldspars weather to form clay minerals which are the most important mineral constituent of soils. The articles in this book review the chemical reactions of feldspars over the whole sweep of pressure and temperature regimes in the outer Earth, and describe the fundamental aspects of crystal structure which underlie their properties. The book covers intracrystalline reactions, such as order-disorder transformations and exsolution, and transfer of stable and radiogenic isotopes, which can be interpreted to provide insights into the thermal history of rocks. It is suitable for final year undergraduates or research workers.
Author : DELHAES Pierre
Publisher : Lavoisier
ISBN 13 : 2746295040
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (462 download)
Download or read book Science et technique des carbones : de l’énergie aux matériaux written by DELHAES Pierre and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’atome de carbone a un rôle clé. Il peut former plusieurs types de liaisons chimiques mais également s’auto-associer pour donner un squelette carboné, caractéristiques qui sont à la base de la chimie organique, de la biochimie et de la vie. Science et technique des carbones présente la progression des connaissances dans les solides carbonés à partir des découvertes et inventions successives depuis la préhistoire. Le rôle essentiel joué par l’exploitation des mines de charbon au moment de la première révolution industrielle comme source d’énergie primaire est un point crucial. L’importance du carbone s’est accrue par le développement de la carbochimie pour créer des matériaux artificiels. Leurs utilisations comme matériaux traditionnels de transformation en sidérurgie et comme céramiques particulières, puis technologiques (charbons actifs, fibres de carbone…), sont successivement décrites. La découverte récente des carbones moléculaires, fleurons de la nanotechnologie, met en exergue l’avènement de la technoscience. Finalement, leur impact économique et sociétal est analysé en exposant l’existence de grandes transitions énergétiques associées aux cycles macro-économiques.
Author : FRANÇOIS
Publisher : Lavoisier
ISBN 13 : 2746243229
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (462 download)
Download or read book Élasticité et plasticité written by FRANÇOIS and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les avancées techniques requièrent une excellente maîtrise des matériaux utilisés. Le défi est de mieux comprendre leur comportement mécanique et plus particulièrement les relations entre leurs micro-structures et leurs propriétés à l'échelle macroscopique. Cet ouvrage apporte les éléments pour relever ce défi. Partant des mécanismes de déformation, il remonte aux lois de comportement macroscopique en cherchant à établir des relations quantitatives, en tout cas à révéler les phénomènes physiques qui sous-tendent les comportements rhéologiques. Les auteurs ont inclus les développements les plus récents, notamment sur les matériaux hétérogènes (alliages métalliques, polymères, composites). Chacun des chapitres est consacré à une grande classe de comportement : élastique puis plastique dans ce premier volume , comportement viscoélastique, comportement viscoplastique, endommagements, dans le second volume (on y trouvera en outre des notions de mécanique de la rupture et de mécanique du contact). Les outils de base (mécanique des milieux continus, cristallographie, changements de phase) sont décrits en annexes. On trouvera également, de nombreux exercices en fin de chapitres, pour la bonne compréhension des sujets traités. Une illustration abondante facilite la lecture de l'ouvrage. Comportement mécanique des matériaux est le fruit du DEA "Mécanique et Matériaux" de la région parisienne. Il s'adresse aussi aux élèves-ingénieurs, ingénieurs et chercheurs. Les développements mathématiques y sont d'un accès facile. Les réelles difficultés, dont la maîtrise n'est pas exempte d'aspects passionnants, résident dans les fréquents changements d'échelle et dans le sens physique auquel il est fait appel.
Author : DUPAYRAT Jacques
Publisher : Lavoisier
ISBN 13 : 274306370X
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Dictionnaire chimique et technologique des sciences biologiques A/F (4e ed.) written by DUPAYRAT Jacques and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce "Dictionnaire chimique et technologique des sciences biologiques" est en fait à la fois un dictionnaire de chimie organique et de tous les domaines directement connexes, à savoir entre autres : pharmacologie, biochimie, biologie moléculaire, chimie des substances naturelles. Il comporte de ce fait un important nombre d'entrées (environ 16 500) concernant aussi bien les méthodes analytiques et spectrométriques mises en jeu dans ces différentes disciplines que les techniques de transformation ou de mise en forme (galénique dans le cas de la pharmacie p.ex.). Il m'a paru également souhaitable, puisque la base de cet ouvrage est la chimie organique, d'y introduire le maximum de noms de réactions (réactions "à noms propres") avec leurs définitions. Enfin, on ne sera pas surpris de trouver dans ce dictionnaire un grand nombre d'acronymes, ces derniers étant largement utilisés dans les communications et ouvrages scientifiques et présentant éventuellement des problèmes de compréhension, en particulier pour des traducteurs scientifiques parfois mal familiarisés avec certaines techniques. En conclusion cet ouvrage s'adresse non seulement aux étudiants, chercheurs et enseignants, mais également à tout lecteur de livres techniques ou de vulgarisation, sans oublier enfin les traducteurs scientifiques.
Author : Peter W. Hawkes
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128052260
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics written by Peter W. Hawkes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices, especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. - Contains contributions from leading authorities on the subject matter - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of imaging and electron physics - Provides practitioners interested in microscopy, optics, image processing, mathematical morphology, electromagnetic fields, electron, and ion emission with a valuable resource - Features extended articles on the physics of electron devices, especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443314632
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Nanolithography and Surface Microscopy with Electron Beams written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanolithography and Surface Microscopy with Electron Beams, Volume 231 merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. Specific chapters cover Introduction to inverse problems in electron microscopy, Directional sinogram inpainting for limited angle tomography, Strain tomography of crystals, FISTA with adaptive discretization, Total variation discretization, and Reconstruction with a Gaussian Dictionary. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series
Author : J.R. Fryer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940113278X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Electron Crystallography of Organic Molecules written by J.R. Fryer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximum Entropy (ME) techniques have found widespread applicability in the reconstruction of incomplete or noisy data. These techniques have been applied in many areas of data analysis including imaging, spectroscopy, and scattering [Gull and Skilling, 1984]. The techniques have proven particularly useful in astronomy [Narayan and Nityanada, 1984]. In many of these applications the goal of the reconstruction is the detection of point objects against a noisy background. In this work we investigate the applicability of ME techniques to data sets which have strong components which are periodic in space or time. The specific interest in our laboratory is High Resolution Electron Micrographs of beam sensitive materials. However, ME techniques are of general interest for all types of data. These data mayor may not have a spatial or temporal character. Figure 1 shows an HREM image of the rigid-rod polymer poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBZO). The 0.55 nm spacings in the image correspond to the lateral close-packing between the extended polymer molecules. Near the center of this crystallite there is evidence for an edge dislocation. In HREM images both the frequency and position of the infonnation is important for a proper interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider how image processing affects the fidelity of this information in both real and Fourier space.
