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Microgravity Effects On Combustion Of Polymers
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Book Synopsis Microgravity Effects on Combustion of Polymers by : David B. Hirsch
Download or read book Microgravity Effects on Combustion of Polymers written by David B. Hirsch and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA Glenn Research Center conducted a cooperative program with the Russian Space Agency Keldysh Research Center, with technical support provided by NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility, to investigate polymer combustion in ventilated microgravity in a small combustion tunnel operated on the orbital station Mir. Reported here are ground test results on flammability characteristics of the test materials for verification of the data and conclusions of the space measurements. It was found that very low forced convective flows can sustain polymer combustion in microgravity. Shutoff of the flow, however, is likely to suppress the combustion, particularly if the fire is in the incipient phase and the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. Relative flammability rankings obtained in ground tests focusing on limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter heat-release tests would not apply to microgravity environments if the ranking criterion is the minimum forced-flow velocity required for sustained combustion. Convective flows caused by buoyancy in the ground NASA STD 6001 Test 1 far exceeded the minimum forced convective flows required to sustain microgravity combustion. Results indicate that this test provided conservative results for the materials tested in microgravity by sustaining their combustion in less severe oxygen concentration and total pressure conditions than those in which extinguishment occurred in quiescent microgravity environments.
Book Synopsis Combustion of a Polymer (PMMA) Sphere in Microgravity by : Jiann C. Yang
Download or read book Combustion of a Polymer (PMMA) Sphere in Microgravity written by Jiann C. Yang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The video sequences revealed a number of dynamic events including bubbling and sputtering as well as soot shell formation and break-up during combustion of the spheres at reduced gravity. The ejection of combusting material from the burning spheres represents a fire hazard that must be considered at reduced gravity. The ejection was found to be sensitive to polymer type, but independent of oxygen concentration and pressure. The average value of the ejection frequency was found to be 3 Hz, 5 Hz, and 5 Hz for PMMA, PS, and PP, respectively. The velocities of the ejected material were estimated by tracking the material in two consecutive video frames. For the PP spheres, Va=2.3 (+/-1.2) cm/s (with 60 events observed). The ejected material appeared to decelerate at an average rate of ~40 cm/s2, and traverse an average distance of only 8 mm before burning to completion.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781723820632 Total Pages :50 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (26 download)
Book Synopsis Combustion of a Polymer (Pmma) Sphere in Microgravity by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Combustion of a Polymer (Pmma) Sphere in Microgravity written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of low gravity, aircraft-based, experiments was conducted to investigate the combustion of supported thermoplastic polymer spheres under varying ambient conditions. The three types of thermoplastic investigated were polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP). and polystyrene (PS). Spheres with diameters ranging from 2 mm to 6.35 mm were tested. The total initial pressure varied from 0.05 MPa to 0. 15 MPa whereas the ambient oxygen concentration varied from 19 % to 30 % (by volume). The ignition system consisted of a pair of retractable energized coils. Two CCD cameras recorded the burning histories of the spheres. The video sequences revealed a number of dynamic events including bubbling and sputtering, as well as soot shell formation and break-up during combustion of the spheres at reduced gravity. The ejection of combusting material from the burning spheres represents a fire hazard that must be considered at reduced gravity. The ejection process was found to be sensitive to polymer type. All average burning rates were measured to increase with initial sphere diameter and oxygen concentration, whereas the initial pressure had little effect. The three thermoplastic types exhibited different burning characteristics. For the same initial conditions, the burning rate of PP was slower than PMMA, whereas the burning rate of PS was comparable to PMMA. The transient diameter of the burning thermoplastic exhibited two distinct periods: an initial period (enduring approximately half of the total burn duration) when the diameter remained approximately constant, and a final period when the square of the diameter linearly decreased with time. A simple homogeneous two-phase model was developed to understand the changing diameter of the burning sphere. Its value is based on a competition between diameter reduction due to mass loss from burning and sputtering, and diameter expansion due to the processes of swelling (density decrease with heating) and bubble growth.
Book Synopsis Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres by : B. E. Newton
Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres written by B. E. Newton and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fourth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop by :
Download or read book Fourth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridging the Centuries with SAMPE's Materials and Processes Technology by : Steve Loud
Download or read book Bridging the Centuries with SAMPE's Materials and Processes Technology written by Steve Loud and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2000 with total page 2381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Second International Microgravity Combustion Workshop by :
Download or read book Second International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Design for Space Systems by : Gary Eugene Musgrave
Download or read book Safety Design for Space Systems written by Gary Eugene Musgrave and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in space safety lies in the acceptance of safety design and engineering as an integral part of the design and implementation process for new space systems. Safety must be seen as the principle design driver of utmost importance from the outset of the design process, which is only achieved through a culture change that moves all stakeholders toward front-end loaded safety concepts. This approach entails a common understanding and mastering of basic principles of safety design for space systems at all levels of the program organisation. Fully supported by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS), written by the leading figures in the industry, with frontline experience from projects ranging from the Apollo missions, Skylab, the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station, this book provides a comprehensive reference for aerospace engineers in industry. It addresses each of the key elements that impact on space systems safety, including: the space environment (natural and induced); human physiology in space; human rating factors; emergency capabilities; launch propellants and oxidizer systems; life support systems; battery and fuel cell safety; nuclear power generators (NPG) safety; habitat activities; fire protection; safety-critical software development; collision avoidance systems design; operations and on-orbit maintenance. The only comprehensive space systems safety reference, its must-have status within space agencies and suppliers, technical and aerospace libraries is practically guaranteed Written by the leading figures in the industry from NASA, ESA, JAXA, (et cetera), with frontline experience from projects ranging from the Apollo missions, Skylab, the Space Shuttle, small and large satellite systems, and the International Space Station Superb quality information for engineers, programme managers, suppliers and aerospace technologists; fully supported by the IAASS (International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety)
Book Synopsis Sixth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop by :
Download or read book Sixth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Overview of Microgravity Combustion Research at NASA Lewis Research Center and Its Potential Commercial Impact by :
Download or read book Overview of Microgravity Combustion Research at NASA Lewis Research Center and Its Potential Commercial Impact written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microgravity Studies of Organic and Polymeric Materials by : D. O. Frazier
Download or read book Microgravity Studies of Organic and Polymeric Materials written by D. O. Frazier and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Gas-phase Radiation and Detailed Kinetics on the Burning and Extinction of a Solid Fuel by : Jennifer L. Rhatigan
Download or read book Effects of Gas-phase Radiation and Detailed Kinetics on the Burning and Extinction of a Solid Fuel written by Jennifer L. Rhatigan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first attempt to analyze both radiation and detailed kinetics on the burning and extinction of a solid fuel in a stagnation-point diffusion flame. We present a detailed and comparatively accurate computational model of a solid fuel flame along with a quantitative study of the kinetics mechanism, radiation interactions, and the extinction limits of the flame. A detailed kinetics model for the burning of solid trioxane (a trimer of formaldehyde) is coupled with a narrowband radiation model, with carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor as the gas-phase participating media. The solution of the solid trioxane diffusion flame over the flammable regime is presented in some detail, as this is the first solution of a heterogeneous trioxane flame. We identify high-temperature and low-temperature reaction paths for the heterogeneous trioxane flame. We then compare the adiabatic solution to solutions that include surface radiation only and gas-phase and surface radiation using surface model.
Book Synopsis Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Materials by : Anatoli A. Borisov
Download or read book Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Materials written by Anatoli A. Borisov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-07-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Materials is a collection of papers that reflects modern trends in self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis (SHS), a process for synthesis of modern materials carried out in the mode of autowave solid-flame combustion. To date, SHS-produced materials have found their application in different branches of modern science and technology, mechanical engineering, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, aerospace engineering, chemical industry, electrical engineering, and electronics. This book is useful not only for the SHS community, but also for researchers and engineers who are active in the following related fields of knowledge; theory and practice of combustion, materials science and technology, pure and applied chemistry, and metallurgy.
Book Synopsis Microgravity Combustion Science: 1995 Program Update by :
Download or read book Microgravity Combustion Science: 1995 Program Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Gallery of Combustion and Fire by : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Download or read book A Gallery of Combustion and Fire written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.
Book Synopsis Microgravity Science and Applications Program Tasks by : United States. Office of Space Science and Applications
Download or read book Microgravity Science and Applications Program Tasks written by United States. Office of Space Science and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
