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Microgravity And Vision Impairments In Astronauts
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Book Synopsis Microgravity and Vision Impairments in Astronauts by : Erik Seedhouse
Download or read book Microgravity and Vision Impairments in Astronauts written by Erik Seedhouse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent missions on board the International Space Station have revealed previously unreported physiological consequences of long duration space flight, particularly in eyesight, and in this Brief Dr. Seedhouse reviews the existing theories on what causes this degeneration and how long it will last. Notably, 60% of long-duration crews have reported subjective degradation in vision, a clear indication that further study is necessary before astronauts embark on even longer-term space missions. Decreased near-visual acuity was reported in 46% of ISS/Mir crewmembers, resulting in a change of up to 2 dioptres in their refractive correction. It is possible that ophthalmic changes have been present since the first days of spaceflight, but had been attributed to other causes; this approach to the issue as well as other hypotheses are all presented in full to give a broad foundation of the existing knowledge on the topic. The changes have occurred at various times during a mission with varying degrees of visual degradation. Some cases resolved on return to Earth, but several crewmembers have not regained pre-flight visual acuity, indicating the damage may be permanent. One explanation of the syndrome has been attributed to hyperopic shift due to aging, but onboard analysis techniques, including visual acuity assessments, retinal imagery, and ultrasound examination of the eye, has led to the acceptance of a wider syndrome. In addition to vision changes, studies have reported flattening of the globe, swelling of the optic disc (papilledema), choroidal folds in the retina, swelling of the optic nerve sheath, and visual field defects. It is widely hypothesized that this spectrum of symptoms may be explained by an elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Establishing the provenance of this medical problem, monitoring its occurrence and resolving the symptoms for future long term space missions is a key challenge for space medicine. With this book, readers have an entry point for understanding the full scope of the problem and its possible origins.
Author :Brandon R. Macias Publisher :World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN 13 :9789814667104 Total Pages :291 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (671 download)
Book Synopsis Intracranial Pressure and Its Effect on Vision in Space and on Earth by : Brandon R. Macias
Download or read book Intracranial Pressure and Its Effect on Vision in Space and on Earth written by Brandon R. Macias and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid distribution during spaceflight and impact on brain and vision health is an emerging field of high-priority research in the NASA human space program. International Space Station astronauts have developed ocular refraction changes during prolonged spaceflight. Within this book, experts review current data related to fluid shifts during microgravity exposure and the impact of fluid shifts on astronaut health. This work also compares current astronaut health problems with Earth-based health conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and glaucoma. Chapters include discussion of altered fluid distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid shifts, eye morphology and vision disturbances, and intraocular pressure. In addition, chapters will include a discussion of advanced non-invasive technologies to investigate the abovementioned fluid volume and pressure variables. As such, the book aims to bridge health professionals, researchers, and science professionals by a presentation of ophthalmology topics critical to future human space exploration, thus providing new perspectives to solve emerging brain and eye disease on Earth and in Space.
Book Synopsis Intracranial Pressure and Its Effect on Vision in Space and on Earth by : Alan R. Hargens
Download or read book Intracranial Pressure and Its Effect on Vision in Space and on Earth written by Alan R. Hargens and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fluid distribution during spaceflight and impact on brain and vision health is an emerging field of high-priority research in the NASA human space program. International Space Station astronauts have developed ocular refraction changes during prolonged spaceflight. Within this book, experts review current data related to fluid shifts during microgravity exposure and the impact of fluid shifts on astronaut health.This work also compares current astronaut health problems with Earth-based health conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and glaucoma. Chapters include discussion of altered fluid distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid shifts, eye morphology and vision disturbances, and intraocular pressure. In addition, chapters will include a discussion of advanced non-invasive technologies to investigate the abovementioned fluid volume and pressure variables.As such, the book aims to bridge health professionals, researchers, and science professionals by a presentation of ophthalmology topics critical to future human space exploration, thus providing new perspectives to solve emerging brain and eye disease on Earth and in Space"--
Book Synopsis Intracranial Pressure And Its Effect On Vision In Space And On Earth: Vision Impairment In Space by : Brandon R Macias
Download or read book Intracranial Pressure And Its Effect On Vision In Space And On Earth: Vision Impairment In Space written by Brandon R Macias and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-06-03 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid distribution during spaceflight and impact on brain and vision health is an emerging field of high-priority research in the NASA human space program. International Space Station astronauts have developed ocular refraction changes during prolonged spaceflight. Within this book, experts review current data related to fluid shifts during microgravity exposure and the impact of fluid shifts on astronaut health. This work also compares current astronaut health problems with Earth-based health conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and glaucoma. Chapters include discussion of altered fluid distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid shifts, eye morphology and vision disturbances, and intraocular pressure. In addition, chapters will include a discussion of advanced non-invasive technologies to investigate the abovementioned fluid volume and pressure variables. As such, the book aims to bridge health professionals, researchers, and science professionals by a presentation of ophthalmology topics critical to future human space exploration, thus providing new perspectives to solve emerging brain and eye disease on Earth and in Space.
Download or read book Into Space written by Thais Russomano and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our anatomy and physiology have been completely shaped by Earth's gravity. All body systems function in synergy with this unseen force. Yet, as we journey further and longer into space, our bodies must conform to a new reality, wherein gravity is absent or reduced, cosmic radiation threatens and our social and familial connections become distant. Into Space: A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity gives an overview of some of the physiological, anatomical and cellular changes that occur in space and their effects on different body systems, such as the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal, and touches on cultural and psychosocial aspects of leaving behind family and the safety of Earth. It further addresses the complexity of manned space flights, showing how interdisciplinary this subject is and discussing the challenges that space physiologists, physicians and scientists must face as humans seek to conquer the final frontier.
Book Synopsis Safe Passage by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Safe Passage written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-11-20 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions sets forth a vision for space medicine as it applies to deep space voyage. As space missions increase in duration from months to years and extend well beyond Earth's orbit, so will the attendant risks of working in these extreme and isolated environmental conditions. Hazards to astronaut health range from greater radiation exposure and loss of bone and muscle density to intensified psychological stress from living with others in a confined space. Going beyond the body of biomedical research, the report examines existing space medicine clinical and behavioral research and health care data and the policies attendant to them. It describes why not enough is known today about the dangers of prolonged travel to enable humans to venture into deep space in a safe and sane manner. The report makes a number of recommendations concerning NASA's structure for clinical and behavioral research, on the need for a comprehensive astronaut health care system and on an approach to communicating health and safety risks to astronauts, their families, and the public.
Book Synopsis Commercial Astronauts by : Erik Seedhouse
Download or read book Commercial Astronauts written by Erik Seedhouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxidative Stress and Space Biology An Organ-Based Approach by : Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Space Biology An Organ-Based Approach written by Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Oxidative Stress and Space Biology: An Organ-Based Approach" that was published in IJMS
Book Synopsis Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome by : Andrew G. Lee
Download or read book Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome written by Andrew G. Lee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-07-16 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prolonged microgravity exposure during long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) produces unusual physiologic and pathologic neuro-ophthalmic findings in astronauts. These microgravity-associated findings collectively define the Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). In this book, the editors compare and contrast prior published work on SANS by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Space Medicine Operations Division with retrospective and prospective studies from other research groups. The book describes the possible mechanisms and potential etiologies for SANS, and provides an update and review on the clinical manifestations of SANS including: unilateral and bilateral optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal and retinal folds, hyperopic refractive error shifts, and focal areas of ischemic retina (i.e., cotton wool spots). The ocular imaging findings (e.g., retinal nerve fiber layer, optic disc, and choroidal changes on optical coherence tomography) of SANS is also described, including the intraorbital and intracranial findings on orbital ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The knowledge gaps for in-flight and terrestrial human research including potential countermeasures for future stud is also explored, including reports on the in-flight and terrestrial human and animal research being investigated by NASA and its partners to study SANS both prospectively and longitudinally and in preparation for future long duration manned missions to space including the moon, the asteroid belt, or Mars. We think this is a unique topic and hope that NASA and its research partners continue to study SANS in preparation for future longer duration manned space missions. Written in an easy-to-read manner, the book adopts a translational approach and explores the science and the clinical manifestations of Space flight associated neuro-ocular syndrome. It is also multi-disciplinary and suitable for both clinicians and researchers in ophthalmology, neurology, and aerospace medicine interested in SANS SANS is a unique space flight disorder that has no terrestrial equivalent. The book involves contributions from international experts across multiple disciplines to tackle the problem of SANS Summarizes and reviews the current findings of SANS, including possible mechanisms and potential etiologies, clinical manifestations, current reports on the in-flight and terrestrial human and animal research, and ocular imaging findings
Book Synopsis Life Support Systems for Humans in Space by : Erik Seedhouse
Download or read book Life Support Systems for Humans in Space written by Erik Seedhouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life support systems are an integral part of crewed spacecraft designs and habitation systems. This textbook introduces the LSS capabilities that sustain humans who live and work in space, and it is written at a level appropriate for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The book begins with the basics of space physiology before detailing the features that make up different kinds of life support systems. It includes concise descriptions of how atmospheric pressure is monitored, how oxygen levels are maintained, how waste management is achieved and how water is recycled, and also describes the processes of fire detection and suppression. Several chapters are devoted to chronicling the evolution of life support systems through the decades. Each chapter includes a list of learning objectives, summary sections and review questions. Additionally, various analogs for spaceflight life support systems are examined, including nuclear submarines and our natural life support system here on Earth! Overall, this book serves as an approachable primer for any student seeking to understand the intricacies of spacecraft life support systems.
Book Synopsis Safe Passage by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Safe Passage written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-12-20 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions sets forth a vision for space medicine as it applies to deep space voyage. As space missions increase in duration from months to years and extend well beyond Earth's orbit, so will the attendant risks of working in these extreme and isolated environmental conditions. Hazards to astronaut health range from greater radiation exposure and loss of bone and muscle density to intensified psychological stress from living with others in a confined space. Going beyond the body of biomedical research, the report examines existing space medicine clinical and behavioral research and health care data and the policies attendant to them. It describes why not enough is known today about the dangers of prolonged travel to enable humans to venture into deep space in a safe and sane manner. The report makes a number of recommendations concerning NASA's structure for clinical and behavioral research, on the need for a comprehensive astronaut health care system and on an approach to communicating health and safety risks to astronauts, their families, and the public.
Download or read book SpaceX written by Erik Seedhouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about commercial spaceflight’s most successful startup in this fully updated book, which follows the extraordinary feats of engineering and human achievement that have placed SpaceX at the forefront of the launch industry and positioned it as the most likely candidate for transporting humans to Mars. This second edition emphasizes SpaceX's much-hyped manned mission to the Red Planet. With a plethora of new material gathered from 2013 to the present, the text offers the most up-to-date portrait of the maverick band of scientists and engineers producing some of the most spectacular aviation triumphs of the 21st century. Topics covered in this book include: all CRS flights, the challenges of developing retro-propulsion, and the pathway towards realizing the Falcon Heavy and BFR. In addition, the chapters describe SpaceX’s emphasis on simplicity, low-cost, and reliability, and the methods the company employs to reduce its costs while speeding up decision-making and delivery. Detailing the Falcon 1, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, the book shows how SpaceX is able to offer a full spectrum of light, medium, and heavy lift launch capabilities to its customers and how it is able to deliver spacecraft into any inclination and altitude, from low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit to planetary missions. This book is the perfect go-to guide on SpaceX for anybody working or interested in the commercial space arena.
Book Synopsis Integrative Ophthalmology by : Ningli Wang
Download or read book Integrative Ophthalmology written by Ningli Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of nature science and industrial technology, more and more patients are benefitting from the rapid progress in ophthalmology, as the use of new medicine and delicate surgical therapy has ensured them the chance to restore their sight. However, some problems have come up during its development, of which the most serious one is the limitation of the ophthalmology. Eyes are not isolated organs, they are connected to our body, and thus, the general status of our body will affect the eyes’ function. Therefore, it is of great importance that the ophthalmologists see the big picture while dealing with the clinical problems. Based on the above observations, we put forward the concept of Integrative Ophthalmology, and describe the ophthalmology related medical situations that are prone to be neglected in clinical practice in a bid to increase the awareness of doctors from all fields that a holistic view should be adopted in clinical practice, and it is the patients that we are treating rather than the disease. There are 9 parts in the book, containing the concept of integrative ophthalmology, intraocular and intracranial pressure gradient related diseases,and the relationship between the different general status and eye disorders. We do believe that the integrative ophthalmology is the key to the development of ophthalmology and hope readers can benefit from this book.
Book Synopsis TIM PEAKE and BRITAIN'S ROAD TO SPACE by : Erik Seedhouse
Download or read book TIM PEAKE and BRITAIN'S ROAD TO SPACE written by Erik Seedhouse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries the British developed a reputation as a nation of explorers. From Francis Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe to the ascent of Everest, British explorers crossed oceans and continents and ventured where few, if any, had gone before. Until very recently, that legacy of exploration had not extended to space. For decades, successive governments chose to stay out of the human spaceflight programme, but in 2008 there were signs of optimism when ESA selected a new class of six astronauts, including, for the first time, a British representative: Timothy Peake. This book puts the reader in the flight suit of Britain’s first male astronaut. In addition to delving into the life of Tim Peake, this book discusses the learning curves required in astronaut and mission training and the complexity of the technologies required to launch an astronaut and keep them alive for months on end. This book underscores the fact that technology and training, unlike space, do not exist in a vacuum; complex technical systems, like the ISS, interact with the variables of human personality, and the cultural background of the astronauts. But ultimately, this is the story of Tim Peake and the Principia mission and the down-to-the-last-bolt descriptions of life aboard the ISS, by way of the hurdles placed by the British government and the rigors of training at Russia’s Star City military base.
Book Synopsis Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration by : National Research Council
Download or read book Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.
Book Synopsis Intracranial Pressure & Neuromonitoring XVI by : Thomas Heldt
Download or read book Intracranial Pressure & Neuromonitoring XVI written by Thomas Heldt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the latest advances relating to the pathophysiology, biophysics, monitoring and treatment of traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, and stroke presented at the 16th International Conference on Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring (the "ICP Conference"), held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in June 2016 in conjunction with the 6th Annual Meeting of the Cerebral Autoregulation Research Network. Additionally, the conference held special sessions on neurocritical care informatics and cerebrovascular autoregulation. The peer-reviewed papers included were written by leading experts in neurosurgery, neurointensive care, anesthesiology, physiology, clinical engineering, clinical informatics and mathematics who have made important contributions in this translational area of research, and their focus ranges from the latest research findings and developments to clinical trials and experimental studies. The book continues the proud tradition of publishing key work from the ICP Conferences and is a must-read for anyone wishing to stay abreast of recent advances in the field.
Book Synopsis Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight by : Michael R. Barratt
Download or read book Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight written by Michael R. Barratt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-20 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, a large body of knowledge has developed regarding the ways in which space flight affects the health of the personnel involved. Now, for the first time, this clinical knowledge on how to diagnose and treat conditions that either develop during a mission or because of a mission has been compiled by Drs. Michael Barratt and Sam L. Pool of the NASA/Johnson Space Center. Complete with detailed information on the physiological and psychological affects of space flight as well as how to diagnose and treat everything from dental concerns to decompression to dermatological problems encountered, this text is a must have for all those associated with aerospace medicine.
