Microcurrent Treatment On Pain Edema And Decreased Muscle Force Associated With Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness A Double Blind Placebo Study

Download Microcurrent Treatment On Pain Edema And Decreased Muscle Force Associated With Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness A Double Blind Placebo Study full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Microcurrent Treatment On Pain Edema And Decreased Muscle Force Associated With Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness A Double Blind Placebo Study ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Microcurrent Treatment on Pain, Edema, and Decreased Muscle Force Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: a Double-blind, Placebo, Study

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (653 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Microcurrent Treatment on Pain, Edema, and Decreased Muscle Force Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: a Double-blind, Placebo, Study by :

Download or read book Microcurrent Treatment on Pain, Edema, and Decreased Muscle Force Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: a Double-blind, Placebo, Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study Design: A double-blind, placebo design (two-factor: group and time, with repeated measures over time) was used. The independent variables were three treatment groups: MENS pain, MENS healing, and MENS sham. The dependent variables were perceived pain, palpable tenderness, circumference, resting joint angle (biceps shortening), and biceps isometric force. Objective: To investigate the effect of two different microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) protocols on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the biceps muscles. Background: Microcurrent treatment is gaining popularity for management of acute injuries; however, the effectiveness of this therapeutic modality remains questionable. Methods and Measures: Subjects were 60 volunteers (22.3 " 3.6 years of age) without upper extremity pathology. DOMS was administered to the non-writing upper extremity of each subject via 15 sets of 15 repetitions of eccentric biceps muscle activity at 60°/sec with a 1 min. rest period between sets, using the Biodex Multi-Joint Sytem 3 dynamometer (Biodex 3). Subjects completed a pretest session (Phase I), which was critical for confirming the acquisition of DOMS symptoms. Following the completion of Phase I, subjects were given a nine week rest period before Phase II DOMS administration, data collection, and MENS treatments began. DOMS was administered during Phase II with the protocol established in Phase I. Subjects were randomly assigned to the MENS pain (n =18), MENS healing (n =22), or MENS sham (n =20) groups. All groups received 20 min. treatments for five consecutive days. MENS pain and MENS healing groups received 100-600 uA, 30 Hz, and positive polarity and 40 uA, 0.3 Hz and positive polarity microcurrent treatment, respectively. The dependent variables were assessed before DOMS administration and after treatment on day one, as well as pre and post treatment at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following eccentric activity. Perceived pain was assed via a Visual.

Microcurrent Treatment on Pain, Edema, and Decreased Muscle Force Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Author : Kristi A. Hewlett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Microcurrent Treatment on Pain, Edema, and Decreased Muscle Force Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness by : Kristi A. Hewlett

Download or read book Microcurrent Treatment on Pain, Edema, and Decreased Muscle Force Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness written by Kristi A. Hewlett and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effects of Microcurrent Therapy on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Author : Amy L. Muraszko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Effects of Microcurrent Therapy on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness by : Amy L. Muraszko

Download or read book The Effects of Microcurrent Therapy on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness written by Amy L. Muraszko and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effect of Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Perception of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Author : William H. Moore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Effect of Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Perception of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness by : William H. Moore

Download or read book Effect of Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Perception of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness written by William H. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Background and Purpose: Few controlled studies have looked at the effect of microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS) on musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine if MENS had any effect on the perception of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decreased elbow extension range of motion (ROM). Subjects: Thirty-six female college students (mean age= 21.7 yr, mean height= 162.9 cm, mean weight= 60.5 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment group or the control group. Each subject was measured for perceived soreness and elbow extension ROM in her nondominant arm pre- and post-DOMS inducement, pre- and posttreatment, and 24 hours posttreatment. All subjects performed an identical eccentric lowering exercise protocol with dumbbell weights to induce DOMS in their nondominant elbow flexors. Forty-eight hours later, subjects returned and were treated with 20 minutes of MENS or sham MENS. Results: The mixed-effects ANOVA resulted in no significant difference between the groups for both perceived soreness and elbow extension ROM. Post hoc Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference tests found that DOMS was induced for both groups. Conclusion: MENS was not found to be effective in treating perceived soreness and decreased ROM associated with DOMS.

Can Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation Decrease Symptoms Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness?

Author : Toby Wolff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Can Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation Decrease Symptoms Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness? by : Toby Wolff

Download or read book Can Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation Decrease Symptoms Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness? written by Toby Wolff and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Fifth Edition

Author : William E. Prentice
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 1259861198
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (598 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Fifth Edition by : William E. Prentice

Download or read book Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Fifth Edition written by William E. Prentice and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive textbook available on therapeutic modalities in rehabilitation – enhanced by a full-color presentation and numerous case studies A Doody’s Core Title for 2020! Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation is a theoretically based but practically oriented guide to the use of therapeutic modalities for practicing clinicians and their students. It clearly presents the basis for use of each different type of modality and allows clinicians to make their own decision as to which will be the most effective in a given situation. Presented in full color, the text describes various concepts, principles, and theories that are supported by scientific research, factual evidence, and experience of the authors in dealing with various conditions. • Essential text for Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy programs • Author Bill Prentice was inducted into the National Athletic Trainers Association Hall of Fame in 2004 • Evidenced based and supported by case studies and laboratory activities to demonstrate the application of the modalities on patients

Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Sixth Edition

Author : William E. Prentice
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 1264264569
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Sixth Edition by : William E. Prentice

Download or read book Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Sixth Edition written by William E. Prentice and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive textbook available on therapeutic modalities in rehabilitation—enhanced by a full-color presentation and numerous case studies This practically oriented guide presents the basic science and current best available evidence for each type of therapeutic modality used in physical rehabilitation. Here, clinicians will find the information needed to determine which modality will be most effective in a given situation to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Each chapter examines the physiologic basis for use, clinical applications, specific techniques of application through the use of related laboratory activities, and relevant individual case studies for each therapeutic modality. Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Sixth Edition is divided into six parts: Part 1: Foundations of Therapeutic Modalities examines the scientific basis for using therapeutic modalities, classifies the modalities according to the type of energy each uses, and includes guidelines for selecting the most appropriate modalities for managing pain and for use in different phases of the healing process. Part II: Electrical Energy Modalities discusses the principles of electricity, components of electrical and electrotherapeutic currents, treatment parameters, physiological responses to electrical current, iontophoresis, and biofeedback. Part III: Thermal Energy Modalities focuses on modalities which produce a change in tissue temperatures through conduction and convection including thermotherapy and cryotherapy. Part IV: Sound Energy Modalities covers modalities that utilize acoustic energy to produce a therapeutic effect, including therapeutic ultrasound and extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Biologic effects and clinical applications are also discussed. Part V: Electromagnetic Energy Modalities examines diathermy, as well as photobiomodulation (light therapy) treatment techniques and protocols. Part VI: Mechanical Energy Modalities includes chapters on traction, intermittent pneumatic compression, therapeutic massage and vibration. Presented in full color, the text is enhanced by valuable learning aids, including chapter objectives and summaries, figures and tables, clinical decision-making exercises, review questions, instructional videos, a glossary of key terms in each chapter, up-to-date references, case studies, lab activities, and appendices.

Effects of Two Therapeutic Modalities on Acute Muscle Soreness

Author : Thomas John Kopec
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Effects of Two Therapeutic Modalities on Acute Muscle Soreness by : Thomas John Kopec

Download or read book Effects of Two Therapeutic Modalities on Acute Muscle Soreness written by Thomas John Kopec and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Injuries hinder athletic performance. Athletic trainers must use every tool at their disposal to expedite recovery time from injury. Electrotherapy is one of the most common therapeutic modalities utilized. The purpose of this study was to examine standard Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation (MENS) protocol versus InterX with the Flexible Array attachment on the reduction of pain associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). DOMS was initiated using eccentric bicep curls. Subjects completed a pain scale after exercise and then were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: InterX, MENS, or no treatment. Each subject was to complete the exercise bout and then receive one treatment. In six or seven days they would repeat this procedure until they received each of the three treatments. The subjects also filled out a pain scale 24 hours after respective treatment. The results found no statistical significance among the three treatments regarding reduction in pain scores. However InterX did reveal the greatest decline of pain scores compared to MENS and no treatment. A larger sample size may reveal a statistical significance between InterX and MENS on DOMS symptoms reduction."--Abstract.

Therapeutic Modalities

Author : Kenneth L. Knight
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780781757447
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (574 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Therapeutic Modalities by : Kenneth L. Knight

Download or read book Therapeutic Modalities written by Kenneth L. Knight and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2008 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This user-friendly text, written in a clear and friendly manner by leading experts in the field, is intended primarily for undergraduate athletic training students. It encourages students to understand both the how and the why of therapeutic modality use so readers become thinking, decision-making professionals. It provides the knowledge needed to evaluate and select the most appropriate modality. All major modalities used to treat orthopedic injury and pain are covered, from electrotherapy to therapeutic heat and cold to therapeutic massage.

Massage for Therapists

Author : Margaret Hollis
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Massage for Therapists by : Margaret Hollis

Download or read book Massage for Therapists written by Margaret Hollis and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2009-07-27 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Massage is a basic skill within physiotherapy, and one which requires a high standard of practical application. It is a skill which is increasingly being taken up by other health care and complementary therapy professionals. This new, third edition of Massage for Therapists is a timely and thorough update which continues the tradition of Margaret Hollis' hands-on approach. The book is designed to be a step-by-step guide to the theory and practical application of classical massage. Once mastered, these techniques may form the basis for a variety of modifications suitable for specific conditions. Massage for Therapists is split into three sections: an introduction to massage and preparation for giving a massage; the massage manipulations by area of the body; and some key modifications to the standard manipulations. In order to further enhance the practitioner's skill and to give the reader a grounding in some of the popular specialities, updated chapters on aromatherapy and massage in sport sit alongside new chapters which introduce myofascial release and shiatsu. Massage for Therapists will be of interest to student and qualified physiotherapists and sports therapists, as well as occupational therapists, chiropractors, osteopaths, nurses, complementary therapists and beauty therapists. • Practical, applied text • Thoroughly updated by subject experts • Illustrated throughout with photographs which support the explanations of the therapeutic application.

Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

Author : Chris Zink
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119380456
Total Pages : 1260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation by : Chris Zink

Download or read book Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation written by Chris Zink and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation This thoroughly revised and updated new edition offers a gold standard reference for all aspects of sports medicine and rehabilitation, encompassing basic science and integrated veterinary and physical therapy approaches. New chapters cover biological therapies, working dogs, and business management, and every chapter has been extensively revised and expanded with state-of-the-art information—providing an even greater wealth of evidence, expertise, and experience to this complex discipline. Presented in full color, with illustrations and photographs throughout and real-world case studies,the book is a detailed yet practical guide ideal for the clinical setting. Providing must-have information for anyone working with active dogs or rehabilitation patients, Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation offers enlightening chapters including: Locomotion and Athletic Performance; Canine Therapeutic Exercise; Canine Aquatic Therapy; Conditioning and Retraining the Canine Athlete; Veterinary Orthotics and Prosthetics; Diagnosis of and Treatment Options for Disorders of the Canine Spine; Rehabilitation for Geriatric Canine Patients; The Role of Acupuncture and Manipulative Therapy in Canine Rehabilitation; and much more. Presents current, state-of-the-art information on sports medicine and rehabilitation in dogs Offers perspectives from an international list of expert authors Covers all topics related to veterinary care of the canine athlete and all active dogs Includes illustrations and photographs throughout to demonstrate key concepts Provides clinical cases that set the information in context Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation is a complete resource for veterinarians, physical therapists,veterinary technicians, and anyone interested in working with canine athletes or in offering rehabilitation therapy in their practice.

Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Fourth Edition

Author : William E. Prentice
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071739300
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Fourth Edition by : William E. Prentice

Download or read book Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Fourth Edition written by William E. Prentice and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Coverage of Therapeutic Modalities Used in a Clinical Setting A Doody's Core Title for 2011! Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation is a theoretically based but practically oriented guide to the use of therapeutic modalities for practicing clinicians and their students. It clearly presents the basis for use of each different type of modality and allows clinicians to make their own decision as to which will be the most effective in a given situation. Presented in full color, the text describes various concepts, principles, and theories that are supported by scientific research, factual evidence, and experience of the authors in dealing with various conditions. The chapters in this text are divided into six parts: Part I––Foundations of Therapeutic Modalities begins with a chapter that discusses the scientific basis for using therapeutic modalities and classifies the modalities according to the type of energy each uses.. Guidelines for selecting the most appropriate modalities for use in different phases of the healing process are presented. Part II––Electrical Energy Modalities includes detailed discussions of the principles of electricity, and electrical stimulating currents, iontophoresis, and biofeedback. Part III––Thermal Energy Modalities discusses those modalities which produce a change in tissue temperatures through conduction including thermotherapy and cryotherapy. Part IV-Sound Energy Modalities discusses those modalities that utilize acoustic energy to produce a therapeutic effect. These include therapeutic ultrasound and a lesser known modality-extracorporal shockwave therapy. Part V––Electromagnetic Energy Modalities includes chapters on both the diathermies and low-level laser therapy. Part VI––Mechanical Energy Modalities includes chapters on traction, intermittent compression and therapeutic massage. Each chapter ins Parts II-IV discuss: the physiologic basis for use, clinical applications, specific techniques of application through the use of related laboratory activities, and relevant individual case studies for each therapeutic modality.

Sports Performance Massage

Author : Steve Bedford
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000413543
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Sports Performance Massage by : Steve Bedford

Download or read book Sports Performance Massage written by Steve Bedford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports Performance Massage instructs the student and practising therapist to use a combination of experience and scientific evidence to inform their sports massage practice, particularly when working with athletic populations. Strength and conditioning coaches, managers and athletes frequently ask questions about the best use of sports massage in order to recover quicker from injury and fatigue and improve performance. Sports Performance Massage empowers the therapist and gives them greater confidence by improving their scientific understanding when working with injured or competitive athletes. The exciting new volume covers all the aspects required to make a highly skilled, confident and employable sports massage therapist. Working with high-level athletes requires an additional skill level compared to working with the general public. Furthermore, advanced massage skills taught in this book, such as soft tissue release and trigger point therapy, are essential when working on muscular adhesions and injured areas. Pregnant athletes, those with disabilities, contraindications and athletes with special requirements have also been considered. Sports Performance Massage is a learning and research aid for those studying vocational sports massage courses as well as those studying other courses where massage forms part of the undergraduate and postgraduate degree, such as sports therapy, sports rehabilitation, osteopathy and physiotherapy. Unlike other sports massage books, Sports performance Massage has a strong academic focus, allowing the graduate therapist to stay up to date with the latest research in their respective field.

Low Back Disorders

Author : Stuart McGill
Publisher : Human Kinetics
ISBN 13 : 9780736066921
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (669 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Low Back Disorders by : Stuart McGill

Download or read book Low Back Disorders written by Stuart McGill and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of 'Low Back Disorders' provides research information on low back problems and shows readers how to interpret the data for clinical applications.

Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII

Author : Clare E. Elwell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493930230
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII by : Clare E. Elwell

Download or read book Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII written by Clare E. Elwell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-18 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the refereed contributions from the 42nd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The papers in this volume summarize some of the outstanding contributions from the 42nd annual meeting, which included sessions on: cellular hypoxia and mitochondria; blood substitutes and oxygen therapeutics; oxygen transport in critical care medicine and disease; muscle oxygenation; multi modal imaging techniques; brain oxygenation and imaging; optical techniques for oxygen measurement; microcirculation; mathematical modelling of oxygen transport; and cancer metabolism.

Pain Management for Clinicians

Author : Carl Edward Noe
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030399826
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pain Management for Clinicians by : Carl Edward Noe

Download or read book Pain Management for Clinicians written by Carl Edward Noe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the modern clinical management of acute and chronic pain syndromes. It not only presents information in a clinically illuminating format, but in a manner that is cognizant of the current prescription opioid epidemic. Divided into seven sections, this book covers acute pain, common pain conditions, regional pain problems, interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment, medical treatments and pain in different stages of life. Concluding with the exploration of several special topics, the last section includes an important discussion on the regulatory and legal issues in the use of controlled substances. Chapters are concise and relevant, with an emphasis on treatment based upon evidence from clinical trials and interpretation by practitioners in the field. Expertly written text is further supplemented by high-quality figures, images and tables outlining proven treatments with drug, dose or other information describing details of treatment. Timely, informative, and socially conscious, Pain Management for Clinicians: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment is a valuable reference for clinicians who manage patients with chronic and common pain problems.

Integrated Electrophysical Agents[Formerly Entitled Electrotherapy: Evidence-Based Practice]

Author : Tim Watson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780702051517
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Integrated Electrophysical Agents[Formerly Entitled Electrotherapy: Evidence-Based Practice] by : Tim Watson

Download or read book Integrated Electrophysical Agents[Formerly Entitled Electrotherapy: Evidence-Based Practice] written by Tim Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrophysical Modalities (formerly Electrotherapy: Evidence-Based Practice) is back in its 13th edition, continuing to uphold the standard of clinical research and evidence base for which it has become renowned. This popular textbook comprehensively covers the use of electrotherapy in clinical practice and includes the theory which underpins that practice. Over recent years the range of therapeutic agents involved and the scope for their use have greatly increased and the new edition includes and evaluates the latest evidence and most recent developments in this fast-growing field. Tim Watson is joined by co-editor Ethne Nussbaum and both bring years of clinical, research and teaching experience to the new edition, with a host of new contributors, all leaders in their specialty.