Microbial Pathogens Within Aquifers

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Microbial Pathogens Within Aquifers

Author : Suresh D. Pillai
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Pathogens Within Aquifers by : Suresh D. Pillai

Download or read book Microbial Pathogens Within Aquifers written by Suresh D. Pillai and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-05-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial pathogen contamination of aquifers and the possible spread of infectious diseases is a serious problem with significance for global public health. Considering human population growth and increasing demands for safe drinking water, there is a need to manage groundwater resources effectively. This book is targeted at professionals, academics and students interested in the microbial characterization of aquifers. It supplies fundamental facts on hydrogeology and groundwater contamination. The main focus is on sampling methodologies; detection of bacterial, protozoan, viral and other microbial pathogens; microbial modeling and transport; DNA fingerprinting and other microbial characterization approaches; and microbial risk assessment groundwater applications.

Microbial Pathogens Within Aquifers

Author : Suresh D. Pillai
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Pathogens Within Aquifers by : Suresh D. Pillai

Sources and Transport Pathways of Fecal Bacteria and Pathogens to Aquifers in Rural Bangladesh

Author : Peter Shawn Kudl Knappett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Sources and Transport Pathways of Fecal Bacteria and Pathogens to Aquifers in Rural Bangladesh by : Peter Shawn Kudl Knappett

Download or read book Sources and Transport Pathways of Fecal Bacteria and Pathogens to Aquifers in Rural Bangladesh written by Peter Shawn Kudl Knappett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980's millions of households in Bangladesh switched from drinking surface water to private groundwater wells to reduce their exposure to fecal microorganisms. Sadly, this switch to shallow groundwater resulted in the largest example of drinking water poisoning in history, with approximately 100 million people exposed to high concentrations of naturally occurring Arsenic in the groundwater. Spatial distribution of Arsenic in the shallow aquifers tends to be patchy, so the most economical mitigation option has been lateral switching from high Arsenic wells to nearby low Arsenic wells. The recently developed Arsenic flushing conceptual model, which explains the spatial distribution of Arsenic throughout the shallow aquifers in Bangladesh, suggests however, that low Arsenic zones are recharged via coarse-grained, rapid flow pathways and therefore represent a higher risk for waterborne pathogens. The objectives of this dissertation are to evaluate new methods for sampling and detection of waterborne pathogens, while also identifying sources of fecal contamination and transport pathway(s) to private wells emplaced within the shallow aquifers. It was demonstrated that private wells are broadly contaminated with E. coli, with prevalence ranging from 30 to 70%. The fact that E. coli was detected more frequently in private wells than sealed monitoring wells (p

Groundwater Pollution Microbiology

Author : Gabriel Bitton
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Groundwater Pollution Microbiology by : Gabriel Bitton

Download or read book Groundwater Pollution Microbiology written by Gabriel Bitton and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1984-03 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.

Legacy, Pathogenic and Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

Author : Manish Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000473813
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Legacy, Pathogenic and Emerging Contaminants in the Environment by : Manish Kumar

Download or read book Legacy, Pathogenic and Emerging Contaminants in the Environment written by Manish Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-31 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the time when legacy, pathogenic, and emerging contaminants must be talked about, understood, and dealt with together. While the geogenic contamination of the groundwater is a well-established phenomenon that is considered as legacy contaminants that risk people’s health globally, both pathogenic and emerging contaminants like various water-borne pathogens and pharmaceutical personal care products (PPCPs) are becoming imperative for their acute and chronic toxic effects. While contaminated groundwater consumption leads to skin pigmentation, hyperkeratosis, kidney damage, cardiovascular disease, and children’s overall development, poor sanitation-related pathogenic microorganisms cause a significant number of child and prenatal deaths. Simultaneously, antibiotic microbial resistance (AMR) is expected to kill 100 million people by 2050. However, there are rare texts that combine aspects of all these three under a single book cover. This book gives an understanding of the occurrence, fate, and transport of geogenic, microbial, and anthropogenic contaminants in the groundwater. It covers not only the scientific and technical aspects but also environmental, legal, and policy aspects for contaminant management in the environment under the paradigm shift of COVID-19. This book is intended to bring the focus on the natural contaminants—biotic or abiotic—in the post-COVID Anthropocene, which is illustrating a significant alteration of systems and the subsequent downstream impacts owing to globalization. This book has compiled global work on emergence, mass flow, partitioning, and activation of geogenic, emerging, and pathogenic contaminants in various spheres of environment with special emphasis on soil, sediment, and aquatic systems for enhancing the understanding on their migration and evolution for the welfare of mankind.

Relation of Bacteria in Limestone Aquifers to Septic Systems in Berkeley County, West Virginia

Author : M. V. Mathes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Relation of Bacteria in Limestone Aquifers to Septic Systems in Berkeley County, West Virginia by : M. V. Mathes

Download or read book Relation of Bacteria in Limestone Aquifers to Septic Systems in Berkeley County, West Virginia written by M. V. Mathes and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309091225
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens by : National Research Council

Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens.Â Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples.Â This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application.Â The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â

Pathogenic Microorganisms and Viruses in Groundwater

Author : Steffen Krauss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783942044219
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (442 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathogenic Microorganisms and Viruses in Groundwater by : Steffen Krauss

Download or read book Pathogenic Microorganisms and Viruses in Groundwater written by Steffen Krauss and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309165962
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens by : National Research Council

Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-05-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens.Â Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples.Â This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application.Â The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â

Transport of Escherichia coli in Saturated Porous Media

Author : Jan Willem Foppen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415444774
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (447 download)

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Book Synopsis Transport of Escherichia coli in Saturated Porous Media by : Jan Willem Foppen

Download or read book Transport of Escherichia coli in Saturated Porous Media written by Jan Willem Foppen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When wastewater infiltrates into the soil, groundwater may be contaminated. If the distance from source of pollution to point of groundwater abstraction is small, there is a real chance of abstracting pathogenic microorganisms. In this book, the transport of Escherichia coli in aquifers under saturated conditions is studied. Starting point is the well known colloid filtration theory. Straining or physical sieving, geochemical heterogeneity, variable deposition rate coefficients, and preferential flow mechanisms are then included in the theory. The case of Sana’a, the capital of Yemen, served to evaluate the importance of bacteria transport processes in a field situation. This book is useful for hydrogeologists concerned with microbiological contamination of aquifers.

Earth Materials and Health

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030910470X
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Materials and Health by : National Research Council

Download or read book Earth Materials and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-09 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of natural earth materials, like arsenic or fluoride, have long been linked to significant human health effects. Improved understanding of the pervasive and complex interactions between earth materials and human health will require creative collaborations between earth scientists and public health professionals. At the request of the National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this National Research Council book assesses the current state of knowledge at the interface between the earth sciences and public health disciplines. The book identifies high-priority areas for collaborative research, including understanding the transport and bioavailability of potentially hazardous earth materials, using risk-based scenarios to mitigate the public health effects of natural hazards under current and future climate regimes, and understanding the health risks that result from disturbance of earth systems. Geospatial information - geological maps for earth scientists and epidemiological data for public health professionals - is identified as one of the essential integrative tools that is fundamental to the activities of both communities. The book also calls for increased data sharing between agencies to promote interdisciplinary research without compromising privacy.

Wastewater Pathogens

Author : Michael H. Gerardi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471710423
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis Wastewater Pathogens by : Michael H. Gerardi

Download or read book Wastewater Pathogens written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to wastewater pathogens The fourth volume in Wiley's Wastewater Microbiology series, Wastewater Pathogens offers wastewater personnel a practical guide that is free of overly technical jargon. Designed especially for operators, the text provides straight facts on the biology of treatment as well as appropriate protective measures. Coverage includes: * An overview of relevant history, hazards, and organisms * Viruses, bacteria, and fungi * Protozoa and helminthes * Ectoparasites and rodents * Aerosols, foam, and sludge * Disease transmission and the body's defenses * Removal, inactivation, and destruction of pathogens * Hygiene measures, protective equipment, and immunizations

Integrated Groundwater Management

Author : Anthony J Jakeman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319235761
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Groundwater Management by : Anthony J Jakeman

Download or read book Integrated Groundwater Management written by Anthony J Jakeman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to document for the first time the dimensions and requirements of effective integrated groundwater management (IGM). Groundwater management is a formidable challenge, one that remains one of humanity’s foremost priorities. It has become a largely non-renewable resource that is overexploited in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, the issue moves from how to simply obtain the water we need to how we manage it sustainably for future generations, future economies, and future ecosystems. The focus then becomes one of understanding the drivers and current state of the groundwater resource, and restoring equilibrium to at-risk aquifers. Many interrelated dimensions, however, come to bear when trying to manage groundwater effectively. An integrated approach to groundwater necessarily involves many factors beyond the aquifer itself, such as surface water, water use, water quality, and ecohydrology. Moreover, the science by itself can only define the fundamental bounds of what is possible; effective IGM must also engage the wider community of stakeholders to develop and support policy and other socioeconomic tools needed to realize effective IGM. In order to demonstrate IGM, this book covers theory and principles, embracing: 1) an overview of the dimensions and requirements of groundwater management from an international perspective; 2) the scale of groundwater issues internationally and its links with other sectors, principally energy and climate change; 3) groundwater governance with regard to principles, instruments and institutions available for IGM; 4) biophysical constraints and the capacity and role of hydroecological and hydrogeological science including water quality concerns; and 5) necessary tools including models, data infrastructures, decision support systems and the management of uncertainty. Examples of effective, and failed, IGM are given. Throughout, the importance of the socioeconomic context that connects all effective IGM is emphasized. Taken as a whole, this work relates the many facets of effective IGM, from the catchment to global perspective.

Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309051428
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality by : National Research Council

Download or read book Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sourcesâ€"treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flowâ€"and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.

Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies

Author : Dick van der Kooij
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780400403
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies by : Dick van der Kooij

Download or read book Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies written by Dick van der Kooij and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in future research. Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies provides an overview of the regrowth issue in different countries and the water quality problems related to regrowth. The book assesses the causes of regrowth in drinking water and the prevention of regrowth by water treatment and distribution. Editors: Dirk van der Kooij and Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, The Netherlands

Role of Viruses Infecting Bacteria in Subsurface Sediments and Groundwater

Author : Donald Pan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321696691
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (966 download)

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Book Synopsis Role of Viruses Infecting Bacteria in Subsurface Sediments and Groundwater by : Donald Pan

Download or read book Role of Viruses Infecting Bacteria in Subsurface Sediments and Groundwater written by Donald Pan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms play a fundamental role driving geochemical cycles. Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on Earth and often exceed cells. While microbiota influence geochemical cycling in the subsurface, the role of subsurface viruses is poorly understood. Viruses were investigated in relationship to carbon biogeochemistry within two aquifers. In the first study, subsurface sediment slurries collected in Alda, NE were amended with 13C-labeled organic carbon (OC) as acetate and nitrate. Biostimulation resulted in viral production concurrent with OC mineralization and nitrate reduction. Change in viral abundance was positively correlated to OC consumption (r 2=0.63) and 13CO2 production ( r2=0.66), whereas change in cell abundance was not, indicating that viruses lyse active cells. Change in viral abundance also correlated to changes in community structure (Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria). In the second study, viral production was demonstrated in response to geochemical changes resulting from in-situ biostimulation (O2 injection) of an aquifer in Rifle, CO. Oxygenated groundwater injected into a previously bioreduced zone resulted in a decrease in reduction potential from -146-- -132mV to -317-- -304mV. Virus abundance increased 1.1x10 6--2.1x106 viruses/mL to 2.3x106--4.6x10 6 while cell abundance did not change. Virus-to-cell ratio increased 1.8-3.4 fold from 3.9-10.1 to 11.0-17.9, demonstrating stimulation of viral production. This supports the findings from the first study which showed that viruses are produced by stimulation of microbial activity. This occurred in conjunction with fluctuations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and reduction of U and Fe(III). When injection paused, U was oxidized. But at a higher rate (2.5x), U oxidation occurred, indicating that NRZs maintain a redox buffer which can be overcome when oxidants increase above a tipping point. After mineral precipitation occurred, viruses decreased from 2.3x106-4.6x10 6 viruses/mL to 3.2x105-2.4x106 , suggesting that viruses were removed from solution by adsorption or mineral precipitation. Lastly, the entire floodplain was examined under natural conditions. Viral and cell abundances were correlated (r s=0.73) to each other and to DOC (rs=0.46,0.53; respectively). Thus, viruses play a role in carbon biogeochemistry and indicate microbial activity. Viruses influence subsurface carbon cycling by infecting and lysing cells, liberating OC, thereby influencing the structure and function of microbial communities. Prokaryotes cannot be considered as the sole biological force in the subsurface. Viruses will influence carbon bioavailability and biogeochemical cycling.

Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241564823
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In early 2013, WHO convened an expert group of scientists from 14 collaborating research institutions to update the assessment of the burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and to reassess the effectiveness of WASH interventions. This group considered evolving and alternative methods for assessing the burden of disease and agreed on a rigorous new approach using meta-regression. In deriving the new figures, the experts incorporated the latest data on use of improved water and sanitation with minor adjustments, and drew upon the results from two new global reviews on microbial water quality and of handwashing practices specially prepared as part of this effort. This document outlines the latest research on the burden of diarrhoea related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is based on a series of articles published in the scientific literature. In bringing together current evidence on exposure to unsafe drinking-water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, alongside the most up-to-date analysis on the health impacts of interventions, this document contributes to informed policymaking and targeting of resources. It underscores how further progress can be achieved in this unfinished global water and sanitation and health agenda.