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Mgb2 Superconducting Wires
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Book Synopsis Mgb2 Superconducting Wires: Basics And Applications by : Rene Flukiger
Download or read book Mgb2 Superconducting Wires: Basics And Applications written by Rene Flukiger and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compendium gives a complete overview of the properties of MgB2 (Magnesium Diboride), a superconducting compound with a transition temperature of Tc = 39K, from the fundamental properties to the fabrication of multifilamentary wires and to the presentation of various applications. Written by eminent researchers in the field, this indispensable volume not only discusses superconducting properties of MgB2 compounds, but also describes known preparation methods of thin films and of bulk samples obtained under high pressure methods.A unique selling point of the book is the detailed coverage of various applications based on MgB2, starting with MRI magnets and high current cables, cooled by Helium (He) vapor. High current cables cooled by liquid hydrogen are also highlighted as an interesting alternative due to the shrinking He reserves on earth. Other pertinent subjects comprise permanent magnets, ultrafine wires for space applications and wind generator projects.
Book Synopsis Study of Cu-sheathed MgB2 Superconducting Wires by : Prashant Gijavanekar
Download or read book Study of Cu-sheathed MgB2 Superconducting Wires written by Prashant Gijavanekar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Rene Flukiger Publisher :World Scientific Series in Applications of Superconductivity and Related Phenomena ISBN 13 :9789814725583 Total Pages :640 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (255 download)
Book Synopsis MgB2 Superconducting Wires by : Rene Flukiger
Download or read book MgB2 Superconducting Wires written by Rene Flukiger and published by World Scientific Series in Applications of Superconductivity and Related Phenomena. This book was released on 2016 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compendium gives a complete overview of the properties of MgB2 (Magnesium Diboride), a superconducting compound with a transition temperature of Tc = 39K, from the fundamental properties to the fabrication of multifilamentary wires and to the presentation of various applications. Written by eminent researchers in the field, this indispensable volume not only discusses superconducting properties of MgB2 compounds, but also describes known preparation methods of thin films and of bulk samples obtained under high pressure methods. A unique selling point of the book is the detailed coverage of various applications based on MgB2, starting with MRI magnets and high current cables, cooled by Helium (He) vapor. High current cables cooled by liquid hydrogen are also highlighted as an interesting alternative due to the shrinking He reserves on earth. Other pertinent subjects comprise permanent magnets, ultrafine wires for space applications and wind generator projects.
Book Synopsis Enhancement of Connectivity and Flux Pinning in MgB2 Superconducting Bulks and Wires by : Lin Lü
Download or read book Enhancement of Connectivity and Flux Pinning in MgB2 Superconducting Bulks and Wires written by Lin Lü and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimisation of hysteretic losses in high-temperature superconducting wires by : Krueger, Philipp
Download or read book Optimisation of hysteretic losses in high-temperature superconducting wires written by Krueger, Philipp and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hysteretic loss optimisations through numerical simulation and subsequent experimental confirmation in transport current and background field measurements: ferromagnetic shielding and topological geometry optimisation is used to reduce energy dissipation in HTS coated conductor geometries. Single tapes and coil geometries are investigated. A 3D model capable of taking into account contact resistances is also presented for the Twisted Stacked Tape Conductor cable.
Book Synopsis Fabrication of Chemically Doped, High Upper Critical Field Magnesium Diboride Superconducting Wires by :
Download or read book Fabrication of Chemically Doped, High Upper Critical Field Magnesium Diboride Superconducting Wires written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlled chemical doping of magnesium diboride (MgB2) has been shown to substantially improve its superconducting properties to the levels required for high field magnets, but the doping is difficult to accomplish through the usual route of solid state reaction and diffusion. Further, superconducting cables of MgB2 are difficult to fabricate because of the friable nature of the material. In this Phase I STTR project, doped and undoped boron fibers were made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Several>100m long batches of doped and undoped fiber were made by CVD codeposition of boron plus dopants. Bundles of these fibers infiltrated with liquid magnesium and subsequently converted to MgB2 to form Mg-MgB2 metal matrix composites. In a parallel path, doped boron nano-sized powder was produced by a plasma synthesis technique, reacted with magnesium to produce doped MgB2 superconducting ceramic bodies. The doped powder was also fabricated into superconducting wires several meters long. The doped boron fibers and powders made in this program were fabricated into fiber-metal composites and powder-metal composites by a liquid metal infiltration technique. The kinetics of the reaction between boron fiber and magnesium metal was investigated in fiber-metal composites. It was found that the presence of dopants had significantly slowed the reaction between magnesium and boron. The superconducting properties were measured for MgB2 fibers and MgB2 powders made by liquid metal infiltration. Properties of MgB2 products (Jc, Hc2) from Phase I are among the highest reported to date for MgB2 bulk superconductors. Chemically doped MgB2 superconducting magnets can perform at least as well as NbTi and NbSn3 in high magnetic fields and still offer an improvement over the latter two in terms of operating temperature. These characteristics make doped MgB2 an effective material for high magnetic field applications, such as magnetic confined fusion, and medical MRI devices. Developing fusion as an energy source will dramatically reduce energy costs, global warming, and radioactive waste. Cheaper and more efficient medical MRI devices could lower examination costs, find potential health problems earlier, and thus also benefit society as a whole. Other potential commercial applications for this material are devices for the generation and storage of electrical power, thus lowering the cost of delivered electricity.
Book Synopsis Superconducting Wires and Thin Films of MgB2 for Electric Devices by : Israel Felner
Download or read book Superconducting Wires and Thin Films of MgB2 for Electric Devices written by Israel Felner and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Applications of Superconductivity by : H. Weinstock
Download or read book Applications of Superconductivity written by H. Weinstock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, in essence the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute with the same title, is designed to provide in-depth coverage of many, but not all, of the major current applications of superconductivity, and of many that still are being developed. It will be of value to scientists and engineers who have interests in the research and production aspects of the technology, as well as in the applications themselves. The ftrst three chapters (by Clarke, Vrba and Wikswo) are devoted to an understanding of the principles, fabrication and uses of SQUID magnetometers and gradiometers, with the greatest emphasis on biomagnetism and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). For the most part, traditional low-temperature superconductor (LTS) SQUIDs are used, but particularly for NDE, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) SQUIDs are proving useful and often more convenient. The succeeding three chapters (by Przybysz, Likharev and Chaloupka) cover broader aspects of superconducting electronics. The ftrst two of these deal primarily with digital L TS circuits, while the third discusses in great detail passive component applications using HTS materials. Currently, HTS ftlters are undergoing intense J3-site testing at cellular telephone base stations. While it is clear that HTS ftlters outperform conventional ftlters in reducing signal loss and allowing for more channels in a given bandwidth, it isn't yet certain that the cellular telephone industry sees sufficient economic beneftts to make a ftrm decision to use HTS ftlters universally in its systems. If this application is generally adapted, the market for these ftlters should be quite large.
Download or read book Superconductivity written by R.G. Sharma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basics and applications of superconducting magnets. It explains the phenomenon of superconductivity, theories of superconductivity, type II superconductors and high-temperature cuprate superconductors. The main focus of the book is on the application to superconducting magnets to accelerators and fusion reactors and other applications of superconducting magnets. The thermal and electromagnetic stability criteria of the conductors and the present status of the fabrication techniques for future magnet applications are addressed. The book is based on the long experience of the author in studying superconducting materials, building magnets and numerous lectures delivered to scholars. A researcher and graduate student will enjoy reading the book to learn various aspects of magnet applications of superconductivity. The book provides the knowledge in the field of applied superconductivity in a comprehensive way.
Book Synopsis Eco-design in Electrical Engineering by : Jean-Luc Bessède
Download or read book Eco-design in Electrical Engineering written by Jean-Luc Bessède and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses eco-design, a major tool for reducing the environmental impacts of products, services and systems in the context of sustainable development. It covers four key aspects of eco-design, applied to electrical engineering. First, it describes current and future methodologies and standards, including regulations, which apply to electrical engineering. In turn, the second chapter is devoted to energy systems and planning, including constraints on the insertion of equipment into the grid. Components such as transformers and cables, their eco-design characteristics and impacts, and their potential to improve the environmental impacts of networks are described in the third chapter. Lastly, the fourth chapter deals with materials in terms of their performance and ecological impact. In the case of electrical equipment, the eco-design approach is also connected to the development of renewable energies and energy efficiency.
Book Synopsis Superconductors in the Power Grid by : C. Rey
Download or read book Superconductors in the Power Grid written by C. Rey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconductors offer high throughput with low electric losses and have the potential to transform the electric power grid. Transmission networks incorporating cables of this type could, for example, deliver more power and enable substantial energy savings. Superconductors in the Power Grid: Materials and Applications provides an overview of superconductors and their applications in power grids. Sections address the design and engineering of cable systems and fault current limiters and other emerging applications for superconductors in the power grid, as well as case studies of industrial applications of superconductors in the power grid. - Expert editor from highly respected US government-funded research centre - Unique focus on superconductors in the power grid - Comprehensive coverage
Book Synopsis Electromechanical Properties of Superconducting MgB2 Wire by : Mina Hanna
Download or read book Electromechanical Properties of Superconducting MgB2 Wire written by Mina Hanna and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Energy Milled Ex situ MgB2 for Tapes and Wires by : Anna Kario
Download or read book High Energy Milled Ex situ MgB2 for Tapes and Wires written by Anna Kario and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2011-05-02 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The optimum solution for the difficulties during conductor deformation was to use the ex situ precursor powder which is not sensitive to heat treatments in the range of temperatures needed for the working stress release of the sheath metal. Two different ex situ powders are studied: homemade ex situ (based on mechanically alloyed in situ powder) and commercial powder with reduced crystallite size achieved by high energy ball milling. 2. As the first approach, ex situ powder is prepared using mechanical alloying. A detailed phase analysis shown secondary phases, such as MgO and MgB4+x. A high critical current density for unsintered tapes and wires was obtained. It is observed that non of the applied final heat treatments of the conductors improve their superconducting properties. It is assumed that, heat treatments influence the crystallite size which is explained by MgO at the grain boundaries blocking grain growth. Additional milling or chemical treatment of the powder to clean the grains is needed to accomplish a smaller particle size. However, if medium Jc values are sufficient, the MA in-ex situ powder is an interesting precursor powder for conductors needed for the react & wind method of superconducting coil preparation, because the final heat treatment of a such a conductor is not needed. 3. As the second approach, commercially available ex situ powder was milled to reduce grain size. The average crystallite size of the powder is reduced by ball milling drastically from 47 nm to 15 nm, however, this powder is highly reactive. Powders after 2 h or longer milling times exposed to air react rapidly with oxygen and create up to 40 wt% of secondary phases, like MgB4+x and MgO. This reaction can be avoided by using exclusively a protective atmosphere for the sample preparation. Ex situ MgB2 stability examination via the decomposition behaviour. 4. The decomposition of MgB2 to Mg and higher borides at high annealing temperatures is observed in bulks and conductors. The temperature of the MgB2 decomposition decreases with increasing milling time. Unfortunately, the decomposition takes place at temperatures which are in the same range as the temperature needed for ex situ sintering. With increasing milling time, the crystallite size decreases and more powder is decomposed. It was found that an increased grain connection due to the milling and a decreased crystallite size play a larger role in increasing Jc than secondary phases. The milling process creates fresh reaction surfaces without a MgO layer for an improved grain connectivity. 5. The high reactivity of the powder caused by the high energy ball milling might be reduced by carbon addition. Carbon is successfully introduced into the lattice, as proved by a change in the lattice parameter, a decrease of Tc, an increase of the upper critical field and a change of the Jc dependence on applied field. The carbon substitution in the lattice is accomplished via high energy ball milling. 6. The best Jc results ( Jc=104 A/cm2 at 12.4 T) are obtained for the tape with the 20 h milled powder with 5 wt% of carbon addition. The precursor powder is well deformable: the 2 m long conductor was prepared using a combination of swaging, drawing and rolling with the help of intermediate heat treatments. Such additional heat treatments do not influence the precursor powder. Furthermore the carbon addition to the tape precursor increases the decomposition temperature of the powder, decreases its reactivity and improves the Jc(H) dependence of the tape in comparison to the tape with undoped precursor. The tapes prepared from that powder do not show a Jc anisotropy in respect to the field direction. The ex situ powder was used as superconducting diffusion barrier for copper sheathed conductors to prevent reaction between filament and sheath. 7. In addition, ex situ powder is used as a chemical barrier in Glidcop® in situ wires, substituting Nb or Ti which are commonly used. It is proved that the wire deformation by drawing with the powder barrier is possible. The effectiveness of the barrier in preventing a reaction between the Glidcop® sheath and the in situ MgB2 in wires heat treated both under ambient pressure and under high gas pressure was studied. It is found that this barrier is effective in preventing diffusion between Mg and Cu in the sheath only in the case of high pressure sintering. This novel technique allows to get relatively high values of the engineering critical current density Je (Je=104 A/cm2 at 5.3 T) because a high superconductor filling factor of 50% can be achieved. This is usually very challenging in powder-in-tube composite conductors with a diffusion barrier. Homepage IFW Dresden
Book Synopsis Connectivity, Doping, and Anisotropy in Highly Dense Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) by : Guangze Li
Download or read book Connectivity, Doping, and Anisotropy in Highly Dense Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) written by Guangze Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is a superconducting material which can be potentially used in many applications such as magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI), wind turbine generators and high energy physics facilities. The major advantages of MgB2 over other superconductors include its relatively high critical temperature of about 39 K, its low cost of raw materials, its simple crystal structure, and its round multifilament form when in the form of superconducting wires. Over the past fourteen years, much effort has been made to develop MgB2 wires with excellent superconducting properties, particularly the critical current density Jc. However, this research has been limited by technical difficulties such as high porosity and weak connectivity in MgB2, relatively small flux pinning strength, low upper critical field Bc2 and relatively high anisotropy. The goal of this dissertation is to understand the relationship between superconducting properties, microstructure, and reaction mechanisms in MgB2. In particular, the influences of connectivity, Bc2, anisotropy and flux pinning were investigated in terms of the effects of these variables on the Jcs and n-values of MgB2 superconducting wires (n-value is a parameter which indicates the sharpness of resistive V-I transition). The n-values of traditional "Powder in Tube (PIT)" processed MgB2 wires were improved by optimizing precursor species after the identification of microstructural defects such as so-called "sausaging problems". Also, it was found that "high porosity and weak connectivity" was one of the most critical issues which limited the Jc performance in typical MgB2. To overcome this problem, highly dense, well-connected MgB2 conductors were successfully fabricated by adopting an innovative "Advanced Internal Magnesium Infiltration (AIMI)" process. A careful study on the reaction kinetics together with the microstructural evidence demonstrated how the MgB2 layer was formed as the infiltration process proceeded. As a result, it is possible to control the MgB2 layer growth in the AIMI-processed MgB2 wires. The best AIMI wires, with improved density and connectivity, accomplished an outstanding layer Jc, which was 1.0 × 105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 10 T, nearly 10 times higher than the Jcs of PIT wires. The engineering Je of AIMI wires, namely the critical current over the whole cross-sectional area in the wire, achieved 1.7 × 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T, 200 % higher than those of PIT wires. Finally, two promising dopants, Dy2O3 and O, were engineered to incorporate with MgB2. Dy2O3 nanopowders, co-doped with C in AIMI wires, enhanced the Jc performance at elevated temperatures such as 20 K. Oxygen, on the other hand, doped into MgB2 thin films through a newly-developed O2 annealing process, improved Bc2 to 14 T at 21 K. Both of the doping studies were helpful to understand the superconducting nature of MgB2.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering by : Yinshun Wang
Download or read book Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering written by Yinshun Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting technology is potentially important as one of the future smart grid technologies. It is a combination of superconductor materials, electrical engineering, cryogenic insulation, cryogenics and cryostats. There has been no specific book fully describing this branch of science and technology in electrical engineering. However, this book includes these areas, and is essential for those majoring in applied superconductivity in electrical engineering. Recently, superconducting technology has made great progress. Many universities and companies are involved in applied superconductivity with the support of government. Over the next five years, departments of electrical engineering in universities and companies will become more involved in this area. This book: • will enable people to directly carry out research on applied superconductivity in electrical engineering • is more comprehensive and practical when compared to other advances • presents a clear introduction to the application of superconductor in electrical engineering and related fundamental technologies • arms readers with the technological aspects of superconductivity required to produce a machine • covers power supplying technologies in superconducting electric apparatus • is well organized and adaptable for students, lecturers, researchers and engineers • lecture slides suitable for lecturers available on the Wiley Companion Website Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering is ideal for academic researchers, graduates and undergraduate students in electrical engineering. It is also an excellent reference work for superconducting device researchers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Superconductivity by : David A. Cardwell
Download or read book Handbook of Superconductivity written by David A. Cardwell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-05 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second of three volumes of the extensively revised and updated second edition of the Handbook of Superconductivity. The past twenty years have seen rapid progress in superconducting materials, which exhibit one of the most remarkable physical states of matter ever to be discovered. Superconductivity brings quantum mechanics to the scale of the everyday world where a single, coherent quantum state may extend over a distance of metres, or even kilometres, depending on the size of a coil or length of superconducting wire. Viable applications of superconductors rely fundamentally on an understanding of this intriguing phenomena and the availability of a range of materials with bespoke properties to meet practical needs. While the first volume covers the fundamentals of superconductivity and the various classes of superconducting materials, Volume 2 covers processing of the desired superconducting materials into desired forms: bulks, films, wires and junction-based devices. The volume closes with articles on the refrigeration methods needed to put the materials into the superconducting state. Key Features: Covers the depth and breadth of the field Includes contributions from leading academics and industry professionals across the world Provides hands-on guidance to the manufacturing and processing technologies A comprehensive reference, the handbook is suitable for both graduate students and practitioners in experimental physics, materials science, and multiple engineering disciplines, including electronic and electrical, chemical, mechanical, metallurgy and others.
Book Synopsis Fabrication and Characterization of MgB2 Powders and Cu-Clad MgB2 Wires by : Mert Yavaş
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of MgB2 Powders and Cu-Clad MgB2 Wires written by Mert Yavaş and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, a new superconducting material, MgB2 (39K), which raised new hopes for electrical power applications due to its superior superconducting properties was discovered.In the first part of this study, elementary B is obtained by reacting B2O3, and Mg in Argon atmosphere at 800ʻC. EDX results revealed that the powder obtained was Boron in 93% purity with Mg as a major impurity. MgB2 is produced from acquired B and Mg in Ar atmosphere at 900ʻC by a conventional solid-state reaction. MgB2 powders were pressed to a pellet at 500ʻC at 1 GPa. Microstructural properties of MgB2 were determined by XRD, EDX, and SEM techniques. Electrical properties of fabricated MgB2 were analyzed by resistivity measurements with closed-cycle cryopump system between 20 and 300K. It is found that the Tc onset value of the pellet is around 32K. In the second part, different weight ratios of C is added to commercial MgB2 and pressed at 500ʻC at 1 GPa. R-T measurements revealed that transition temperature increases with an increase in the C addition concentration. In the third part, MgB2/Mg composite wires were prepared by packing blend of MgB2 and Mg powders inside Cu tubes using PIT method. The microstructure studies MgB2 and Mg powders inside Cu tubes using PIT method. The microstructure studies using XRD, EDX and SEM techniques showed that MgCu2 layer forms at the interface between Cu sheath and core because of Mg diffusion from superconducting core, and excess Mg prevents further reaction of Cu with MgB2. R-T measurements were performed to investigate the influence of excess Mg on Tc. The effect of annealing showed that excess Mg gives better results at annealing temperature of 400ʻC for 2 hours.
