Methodological Issues In Psychology

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Methodological Issues in Applied Social Psychology

Author : Fred B. Bryant
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 148992308X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological Issues in Applied Social Psychology by : Fred B. Bryant

Download or read book Methodological Issues in Applied Social Psychology written by Fred B. Bryant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many authors have argued that applying social psychology to the solution of real world problems builds better theories. Observers have claimed, for example, that of human behavior applied social psychology reveals more accurate principles because its data are based on people in real-life circumstances (Helmreich, 1975; Saxe & Fine, 1980), provides an opportunity to assess the ecological validity of generalizations derived from laboratory research (Ellsworth, 1977; Leventhal, 1980), and discloses important gaps in existing theories (Fisher, 1982; Mayo & LaFrance, 1980). Undoubtedly, many concrete examples can be mustered in support of these claims. But it also can be argued that applying social psychology to social issues and problems builds better research methods. Special methodological problems arise and new perspectives on old methodological problems emerge when re searchers leave the laboratory and tackle social problems in real-world settings. Along the way, we not only improve existing research techniques but also devel op new research tools, all of which enhance our ability to obtain valid results and thereby to understand and solve socially relevant problems. Indeed, Campbell and Stanley's (1966) seminal work on validity in research design grew out of the application of social science in field settings. In this spirit, the principal aim of this volume is to present examples of methodological advances being made as researchers apply social psychology in real-life settings.

Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior

Author : Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309523893
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior by : Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations

Download or read book Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior written by Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-08-14 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.

Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology

Author : Ype H. Poortinga
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108904394
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology by : Ype H. Poortinga

Download or read book Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology written by Ype H. Poortinga and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview is given of cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on theory and methodology. In Section 1 historical developments in research are traced; it is found that initially extensive psychological differences tend to shrink when more carefully designed studies are conducted. Section 2 addresses the conceptualization of “culture” and of “a culture”. For psychological research the notion “culture” is considered too vague; more focal explanatory concepts are required. Section 3 describes methodological issues, taking the notion of the empirical cycle as a lead for both qualitative and quantitative research. Pitfalls in research design and data analysis of behavior-comparative studies, and the need for replication are discussed. Section 4 suggests to move beyond research on causal relationships and to incorporate additional questions, addressing the function and the development of behavior patterns in ontogenetic, phylogenetic and historical time. Section 5 emphasizes the need for applied research serving the global village.

Methodological Thinking in Psychology

Author : Jaan Valsiner
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1607524325
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological Thinking in Psychology by : Jaan Valsiner

Download or read book Methodological Thinking in Psychology written by Jaan Valsiner and published by IAP. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years an increasing dissatisfaction with methods and thinking in psychology as a science can be observed. The discipline is operating under the tension between the traditional quantitative and the new qualitative methodologies. New approaches emerge in different fields of psychology and education—each of them trying to go beyond limitations of the mainstream. These new approaches, however, tend to be “historically blind” – seemingly novel ideas have actually been common in some period in the history of psychology. Knowledge of historical trends in that context becomes crucial because analysis of historical changes in psychology is informative regarding the potential of “new/old and forgotten” approaches in the study of psyche. Some approaches in psychology disappeared due to inherent limitations of them; the others disappeared due to purely non-scientific reasons. And some new approaches were rejected long ago for well-justified scientific reasons. This book brings together contributions from leading scholars in different fields of psychology – cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, cultural psychology, methodology of psychology. Each of the contributors discusses methodological issues that were more thoroughly understood more than half a century ago than they are now. Overall, the contributions support the idea that in important ways 60 years old psychology was far ahead of the most recent trends in mainstream psychology.

Methodological Issues in Psychology

Author : David Trafimow
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000918327
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological Issues in Psychology by : David Trafimow

Download or read book Methodological Issues in Psychology written by David Trafimow and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodological Issues in Psychology is a comprehensive text that challenges current practice in the discipline and provides solutions that are more useful in contemporary research, both basic and applied. This book begins by equipping the readers with the underlying foundation pertaining to basic philosophical issues addressing theory verification or falsification, distinguishing different levels of theorizing, or hypothesizing, and the assumptions necessary to negotiate between these levels. It goes on to specifically focus on statistical and inferential hypotheses including chapters on how to dramatically improve statistical and inferential practices and how to address the replication crisis. Advances to be featured include the author's own inventions, the a priori procedure and gain-probability diagrams, and a chapter about mediation analyses, which explains why such analyses are much weaker than typically assumed. The book also provides an introductory chapter on classical measurement theory and expands to new concepts in subsequent chapters. The final measurement chapter addresses the ubiquitous problem of small effect sizes in psychology and provides recommendations that directly contradict typical thinking and teaching in psychology, but with the consequence that researchers can enjoy dramatically improved effect sizes. Methodological Issues in Psychology is an invaluable asset for students and researchers of psychology. It will also be of vital interest to social science researchers and students in areas such as management, marketing, sociology, and experimental philosophy.

Cognition

Author : Herbert L. Pick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781557981653
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition by : Herbert L. Pick

Download or read book Cognition written by Herbert L. Pick and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Methodological Issues & Strategies in Clinical Research

Author : Alan E. Kazdin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological Issues & Strategies in Clinical Research by : Alan E. Kazdin

Download or read book Methodological Issues & Strategies in Clinical Research written by Alan E. Kazdin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readings designed to improve understanding of methodology and to enhance research practices in clinical psychology. The intended audience is persons who are in training or are actively involved in research. The primary focus of the readings is clinical psychology, but the issues and methods are relevant to other areas as well, such as counseling, educational and school psychology, psychiatry, and social work. /// Several readings have been included to address a broad range of practices, procedures, and strategies for developing a sound knowledge base. The goal was to select, from a large literature on methodology and design, a special set of engaging articles of use to students and professionals alike. The articles address a wide range of topics within clinical research. /// The content of this book addresses experimental design, principles, procedures, and practices that govern research, assessment, sources of artifact and bias, data analyses and interpretation, ethical issues, and publication and communication of the results of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved).

Educating Children with Autism

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309210011
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Educating Children with Autism by : National Research Council

Download or read book Educating Children with Autism written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-11-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is a word most of us are familiar with. But do we really know what it means? Children with autism are challenged by the most essential human behaviors. They have difficulty interacting with other people-often failing to see people as people rather than simply objects in their environment. They cannot easily communicate ideas and feelings, have great trouble imagining what others think or feel, and in some cases spend their lives speechless. They frequently find it hard to make friends or even bond with family members. Their behavior can seem bizarre. Education is the primary form of treatment for this mysterious condition. This means that we place important responsibilities on schools, teachers and children's parents, as well as the other professionals who work with children with autism. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975, we accepted responsibility for educating children who face special challenges like autism. While we have since amassed a substantial body of research, researchers have not adequately communicated with one another, and their findings have not been integrated into a proven curriculum. Educating Children with Autism outlines an interdisciplinary approach to education for children with autism. The committee explores what makes education effective for the child with autism and identifies specific characteristics of programs that work. Recommendations are offered for choosing educational content and strategies, introducing interaction with other children, and other key areas. This book examines some fundamental issues, including: How children's specific diagnoses should affect educational assessment and planning How we can support the families of children with autism Features of effective instructional and comprehensive programs and strategies How we can better prepare teachers, school staffs, professionals, and parents to educate children with autism What policies at the federal, state, and local levels will best ensure appropriate education, examining strategies and resources needed to address the rights of children with autism to appropriate education. Children with autism present educators with one of their most difficult challenges. Through a comprehensive examination of the scientific knowledge underlying educational practices, programs, and strategies, Educating Children with Autism presents valuable information for parents, administrators, advocates, researchers, and policy makers.

Methodological Issues in Psychology and Social Sciences Research

Author : Begoña Espejo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832505783
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological Issues in Psychology and Social Sciences Research by : Begoña Espejo

Download or read book Methodological Issues in Psychology and Social Sciences Research written by Begoña Espejo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-11 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Methodological Issues and Strategies in Clinical Research

Author : Alan E. Kazdin
Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781557989598
Total Pages : 913 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (895 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological Issues and Strategies in Clinical Research by : Alan E. Kazdin

Download or read book Methodological Issues and Strategies in Clinical Research written by Alan E. Kazdin and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2002-11-15 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this resource is intended to assist students and professionals in increasing their mastery of the range of methodological approaches available with which to examine clinical issues and phenomena. Contributors explore experimental design; the principles, procedures and practices that govern research; assessment of study constructs and their interrelationships; potential sources of artifact and bias; methods of data analysis and interpretation; ethical issues; and publication and communication of research findings. With 19 new articles and significantly revised and expanded introductory material, this edition features many scholarly contributions that explicate core concepts, survey contemporary issues, and elaborate on ethical responsibilities. Additions include articles on mediators and moderators of effects, on methods for studying the efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy, and on ways of incorporating systematic observation and evaluation into clinical practice to improve patient care.

Life-Span Developmental Psychology

Author : Stanley H. Cohen
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317739337
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Life-Span Developmental Psychology by : Stanley H. Cohen

Download or read book Life-Span Developmental Psychology written by Stanley H. Cohen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with the methodological and data analytic problems in developmental research, this book presents solutions advanced from the disciplinary perspectives of psychology, behavior analysis and behavioral systems, sociology, and anthropology. Topics addressed include: * the metatheoretical issues about the relationship between data and theory * the identification and analysis of age, cohort, and time-of-measurement effects * the assessment of quantitative and qualitative change * the use of group and single-subject designs for control by systematic variation * the use of systems methodology to investigate the developmental continuity and organization of behavior * the analysis of data from repeated measures designs * the use of structural equations and path analysis to test causal hypotheses * the use of structured relational matrices to study development and change This unique volume offers students an unusually wide range of research tools for identifying and studying specific developmental problems.

Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology

Author : Anthony D. Ong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199775095
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology by : Anthony D. Ong

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology written by Anthony D. Ong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-02 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the short time since the publication of the Handbook of Positive Psychology esearch results on the psychology of human strengths have proliferated. However, no major volume has documented the methods and theory used to achieve these results. Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology fills this need, providing a broad overview of diverse contemporary methods in positive psychology. With contributions from both leading scholars and promising young investigators, the handbook serves to illuminate and, at times, challenge traditional approaches. Incorporating multiple levels of analysis, from biology to culture, the contributors present state-of-the art techniques, including those for estimating variability and change at the level of the individual, identifying reliability of measurements within and across individuals, and separating individual differences in growth from aspects of phenomena that exhibit shorter-term variability over time. The volume covers such topics as wisdom, health, hope, resilience, religion, relationships, emotions, well-being, character strengths, and laughter. It enhances our understanding of the balance between human deficits and strengths and demonstrates their connections to other problems. Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology will be the essential reference for methods in positive psychology.

Life Events and Psychological Functioning

Author : Lawrence H. Cohen
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Events and Psychological Functioning by : Lawrence H. Cohen

Download or read book Life Events and Psychological Functioning written by Lawrence H. Cohen and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1988 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on recent theoretical and methodological advances in empirical research and examines the relationship between life events and psychological functioning. It considers life events in child, adolescent and geriatric populations. It also discusses the contributions of small events to stress, the effects of positive events and adjustments to stressful life events. The volume makes a substantive contribution to the social and behavioural sciences.

Values and Behavior

Author : Sonia Roccas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319563521
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Values and Behavior by : Sonia Roccas

Download or read book Values and Behavior written by Sonia Roccas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are values? How are they different from attitudes, traits, and specific goals? How do our values influence our behavior, and vice versa? How does our culture and environment impact the relationship between values and behavior? These questions and more are rigorously examined by prominent and emerging scholars in this significant volume Values and Behavior: Taking A Cross Cultural Perspective. Personal values are cognitive representations of abstract, desirable motivational goals that guide the way individuals select actions, evaluate people and events, and explain their actions and evaluations. The unique features of values have implications for their impact on behavior. People are highly satisfied with their values and perceive them as close to their ideal selves. At the same time, however, daily interpersonal interaction reveals that individuals hold different, sometimes opposing, value profiles. These individual differences are even more apparent when individuals from different cultures interact. The collected chapters address the links between values and behavior from a cultural perspective. They review studies conducted in various cultures and discuss culture as a moderator of the relationships between values and behavior. Structurally, part I of the volume discusses what values are and how they should be measure; part II then examines the contents of the relationships between values and behavior in different life-domains, including prosocial behavior, aggression, behavior in organizations and relationships formation. Part III explores some of the moderating mechanisms that relate values to behavior. Taken together, these chapters review and synthesize over twenty years of research on values and behavior, and propose new insights that have important implications for both research and for practice.

Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology

Author : Harry T. Reis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107011779
Total Pages : 763 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology by : Harry T. Reis

Download or read book Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology written by Harry T. Reis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This indispensible sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.

Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-based Research

Author : Leonard Jason
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190243651
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-based Research by : Leonard Jason

Download or read book Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-based Research written by Leonard Jason and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research is intended to aid the community-oriented researcher in learning about and applying cutting-edge quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches"--

The Science of Self-report

Author : Arthur A. Stone
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135677417
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Self-report by : Arthur A. Stone

Download or read book The Science of Self-report written by Arthur A. Stone and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous methodological techniques have been developed in the last decade to improve the reliability and accuracy of self reports from research volunteers and patients about their pain, mood, substance abuse history, or dietary habits. This book presents cutting-edge research on optimal methods for obtaining self-reported information for use in the evaluation of scientific hypothesis, in therapeutic interventions, and in the development of prognostic indicators. ALTERNATE BLURB: Self-reports constitute critically important data for research and practice in many fields. As the chapters in this volume document, psychological and social processes influence the storage and recall of self-report information. There are conditions under which self-reports should be readily accepted by the clinician or researcher, and other conditions where healthy scepticism is required. The chapters demonstrate methods for improving the accuracy of self-reports, ranging from fine-tuning interviews and questionnaires to employing emerging technologies to collect data in ways that minimize bias and encourage accurate reporting. Representing a diverse group of disciplines including sociology, law, psychology, and medicine, the distinguished authors offer crucial food for thought to all those whose work depends on the accurate self-reports of others.