Metamereology

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Metamereology

Author : ANDRZEJ PIETRUSZCZAK
Publisher : Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika
ISBN 13 : 832313975X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Metamereology by : ANDRZEJ PIETRUSZCZAK

Download or read book Metamereology written by ANDRZEJ PIETRUSZCZAK and published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our aim in this book is not simply to provide an introduction to the topic of mereology but also to undertake a thorough analysis of it. Hence its name: "Metamereology". Mereology arose as a theory of collective sets. It was formulated by the Polish logician Stanisław Leśniewski. Collective sets are certain wholes composed of parts. In general, the concept of a collective set can be defined with the help of the relation "is a part of" and mereology may therefore be considered as a theory of the relation of part to the whole'' (from the Greek: meros, "part'').

Foundations of the Theory of Parthood

Author : Andrzej Pietruszczak
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030365336
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of the Theory of Parthood by : Andrzej Pietruszczak

Download or read book Foundations of the Theory of Parthood written by Andrzej Pietruszczak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to systematically study the weak systems of mereology. In its chapters, the author critically analyzes and explains core topics related to mereology, such as parthood without antisymmetry, non-existence of the zero element, and Leśniewski's notion of class and set. The book also delves into three theories of parthood: two concern the sum existence axioms, and the third contends with transitivity of parthood. This is the first systematic analysis of systems of mereology of its kind and is suitable for students, scholars, logicians, and mathematicians who wish to further their knowledge of mereology. Original polish publication “Podstawy teorii części” by The Nicolaus Copernicus University Press

Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence

Author : Paul M.W. Hackett
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030661997
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence by : Paul M.W. Hackett

Download or read book Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence written by Paul M.W. Hackett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence: Evolving Philosophy, Use and Application (2014). It consolidates the qualitative and quantitative research positions of facet theory and delves deeper into their qualitative application in psychology, social and the behavioural sciences and in the humanities. In their traditional quantitative guise, facet theory and its mapping sentence incorporate multi-dimensional statistics. They are also a way of thinking systematically and thoroughly about the world. The book is particularly concerned with the development of the declarative mapping sentence as a tool and an approach to qualitative research. The evolution of the facet theory approach is presented along with many examples of its use in a wide variety of research domains. Since the first edition, the major advance in facet theory has been the formalization of the use of the declarative mapping sentence and this is given a prominent position in the new edition. The book will be compelling reading for students at all levels and for academics and research professionals from the humanities, social sciences and behavioural sciences.

The Perceptual Structure of Three-Dimensional Art

Author : Paul M.W. Hackett
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319484524
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Perceptual Structure of Three-Dimensional Art by : Paul M.W. Hackett

Download or read book The Perceptual Structure of Three-Dimensional Art written by Paul M.W. Hackett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-26 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with philosophical aspects regarding the perception of spatial relationships in two and three-dimensional art. It provides a structural understanding of how art is perceived within the space created by the artwork, and employs a mapping sentence and partial order mereology to model perceptual structure. It reviews the writing of philosophers such as Paul Crowther and art theorists such as Krauss to establish the need for this research. The ontological model established Paul Crowther is used to guide an interactive account of his ontology in the interpretations of the perceptual process of three-dimensional abstract art to allow the formulation of a more comprehensive philosophical account. The book uniquely combines structuralist and post-structuralist approaches to artistic perception and understanding with a conceptual structure from facet theory, which is clarified with the help of a mapping sentence and partial order mereology.

Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches

Author : Paul M.W. Hackett
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889457311
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches by : Paul M.W. Hackett

Download or read book Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches written by Paul M.W. Hackett and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this eBook, Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality, the title very well describes the book's content. Within the book's pages a selection of academics from a variety of human behaviour, human/social science and humanities disciplines write about their research all of which can be typified by their consideration of how categories are used to structure understanding of phenomena. These authors have considered how reality may be understood through notions such as categorial and structural ontologies, part-whole relatoinships (mereology), the qualitative, quantitative and philosophical use of the facet theory approach to research, mapping sentences and declarative mapping sentence, hermeneutics, concepts and constructs, similarities and differences. The resulting collection presents the foregoing conceptual and empirical approaches to knowledge development in general (chapter 1&3 Hackett); Phillips and Wislons' review of compositional syntax in bird calls (chapter 2); neurobehavioral decision systems (chapter 4 Foxall); representations of human psychological processes (chapter 5 Juan-Miguel López-Gil; Rosa Gil; Roberto García); free associations mirroring and its relation to self- and world-related concepts (chapter 6 Martin Kuška; Radek Trnka; Aleš Antonín Kuběna; Jiří Růžička); local knowledge and going beyond the data (chapter 7 Steven Phillips); categorical etiologies of speech sound disorders (chapter 8 Kelly Farquharson); similarity of visual appearance (chapter 9 Nao Nakatsuji; Hisayasu Ihara; Takeharu Seno; Hiroshi Ito); and a consideration of the seminal writing of David Oderberg's on the categorial classification of reality (chapter 10 Hackett).

Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research

Author : Paul M. W. Hackett
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351013971
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research by : Paul M. W. Hackett

Download or read book Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research written by Paul M. W. Hackett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Hackett introduces the traditional usage of the mapping sentence within quantitative research, reviews its philosophical underpinnings, and proposes the "declarative mapping sentence" as an instrument and approach to qualitative scholarship. With a helpful glossary and a range of illustrative tables, Hackett takes the reader through a straightforward introduction to mapping sentences and their construction, before discussing declarative mapping sentences and possible future research directions. This innovative direction for social research provides a flexible structure for research domain, and it allows qualitative research results to be uniformly sorted. Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research will be essential reading for researchers, academics, and postgraduate students in the fields of qualitative psychology and psychological methods, as well as philosophical psychology and social science research methods.

The Complexity of Bird Behaviour

Author : Paul M. W. Hackett
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030121925
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complexity of Bird Behaviour by : Paul M. W. Hackett

Download or read book The Complexity of Bird Behaviour written by Paul M. W. Hackett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the facet theoretical framework as a tool for facilitating the conception of complex animal behaviour research and the design of research procedures through employing mapping sentences. Using the facet theoretical framework, this book takes a holistic view of bird behaviour. Components of bird behavior are identified and then reassembled to facilitate an understanding of the behaviour in the context of its natural occurrence. This provides new insight on both the parts of the behaviour and how these interact as a whole. The multi-faceted approach to designing, evaluating and understanding bird behavior presented offers a template that is adaptable for investigating a wide variety of avian species and different forms of behaviour. Behavioural biologists, animal and comparative psychologists, other natural and behavioural scientists, as well as students of these disciplines will find this book to be an interesting and enlightening read.

Structure and the Metaphysics of Mind

Author : William Jaworski
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198749562
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Structure and the Metaphysics of Mind by : William Jaworski

Download or read book Structure and the Metaphysics of Mind written by William Jaworski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Jaworski provides an elegant solution to the question of how mental phenomena fit into the physical world by defending an original account of hylomorphism: the idea that structure is a basic ontological and explanatory principle. On his view, mental phenomena are structural phenomena, and are uncontroversially part of the physical world.

Advances in Facet Theory Research: Developments in Theory, Application and Related Approaches

Author : Paul M. W. Hackett
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889631087
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Facet Theory Research: Developments in Theory, Application and Related Approaches by : Paul M. W. Hackett

Download or read book Advances in Facet Theory Research: Developments in Theory, Application and Related Approaches written by Paul M. W. Hackett and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Research Topic the two editors bring together a series of articles that use facet theory and allied approaches to research. Since its inception in the work of Louis Guttman in the mid twentieth century, facet theory has become an established approach within social science research. In addition, over the past 70 years a wide range of research publications have appeared operating within the theoretical and analytic rubric of facet theory and for the last two decades a biennial international conference has been held devoted to facet theory research. When using a facet theory approach, an implicit aim of the research within this framework is to bring together in an explicit manner a clear definition of the content area that is being investigated along with data analysis procedures. Integrating the explicit design of research content (for example, attitudes, values, etc) and its subsequent analysis (for example to identify the variables that are influential to respondents in relation to the specific area under investigation) allows for the construction of theory relating to the content area and for the meaningful measurement of complex research areas. The clear explication of an area of research content, is achieved through the use of a mapping sentence (MS). In a MS all of the pertinent variables (called facets) associated with the specific subject matter of the research study are specified in the form of a natural language sentence where facets (variables) are arrange to demonstrate how these theoretically relate to each other. Sub-levels of facets are defined in such a way as to capture the relationships of research variables (facets) to each other and the overall research domain. Background variables are also stated in the MS along with a specified range over which observations will be made to test the veracity of the structural hypotheses (statements regarding the proposed manner in which variables are related to the study’s content) implicit in the MS. Furthermore, by using a MS the researcher is able to select variables that appropriately address the area of content. Traditionally, facet theory has been used in quantitative research but has recently been applied to the analysis of qualitative and philosophical research which incorporates a declarative mapping sentence in such research and which is included in this Research Topic. In order to interrogate these structural hypotheses, quantitative data analysis procedures are employed, such as Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) and Partial Order Scalogram Analysis by base Coordinates (POSAC). In SSA the structure of the content area of interest (the variables that have been included in the MS) can be interrogated as observations that have been made along the specified outcome range, are represented geometrically (as partitioned regions) in a concept-space related to the specific research domain. Individual respondents may also be investigated in terms of their profile of facet related scores using POSAC. A similar approach is employed when analysing information from qualitative facet theory research, which interrogates the structural hypotheses present in the declarative mapping sentence through approaches such as content and narrative analyses. This Research Topic presents work from scholars with particular emphasis upon how the approach has developed both theoretically and in terms of its application, new areas of application, and advances in theory development.

Thinking the Inexhaustible

Author : Silvia Benso
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438470274
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking the Inexhaustible by : Silvia Benso

Download or read book Thinking the Inexhaustible written by Silvia Benso and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays address the major themes of Pareyson’s hermeneutic philosophy in the context of his existentialist approach to personhood. What if the inexhaustible were the only mode of self-revelation of truth? The question of the inexhaustibility of truth, and its relation to being and interpretation, is the challenge posed by the philosophy of the prominent Italian thinker Luigi Pareyson (1918–1991). Art, the interpretation of truth, and the theory of being as the ontology of both inexhaustibility and freedom constitute the main themes of Pareyson’s distinctive form of philosophical hermeneutics, which develops also on the basis of another fundamental concept, that of personhood understood in the radically existentialist sense of the human being. In Thinking the Inexhaustible, Silvia Benso and Brian Schroeder bring together essays devoted to Pareyson’s hermeneutic philosophy by important international scholars, including well-known Italian thinkers Umberto Eco and Gianni Vattimo, who were both students of Pareyson. Pareyson’s philosophy of inexhaustibility unfolds in conversation with major figures in Western intellectual history—from Croce to Valéry, Dostoevsky, and Berdyaev; from Kant to Fichte, Hegel, and German romanticism; and from Pascal to Schelling, Kierkegaard, Marcel, Jaspers, and Heidegger. Silvia Benso is Professor of Philosophy at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Brian Schroeder is Professor of Philosophy at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

Mereology and the Sciences

Author : Claudio Calosi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319053566
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Mereology and the Sciences by : Claudio Calosi

Download or read book Mereology and the Sciences written by Claudio Calosi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first systematic and thorough attempt to investigate the relation and the possible applications of mereology to contemporary science. It gathers contributions from leading scholars in the field and covers a wide range of scientific theories and practices such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering. Throughout the volume, a variety of foundational issues are investigated both from the formal and the empirical point of view. The first section looks at the topic as it applies to physics. The section addresses questions of persistence and composition within quantum and relativistic physics and concludes by scrutinizing the possibility to capture continuity of motion as described by our best physical theories within gunky space times. The second part tackles mathematics and shows how to provide a foundation for point-free geometry of space switching to fuzzy-logic. The relation between mereological sums and set-theoretic suprema is investigated and issues about different mereological perspectives such as classical and natural Mereology are thoroughly discussed. The third section in the volume looks at natural science. Several questions from biology, medicine and chemistry are investigated. From the perspective of biology, there is an attempt to provide axioms for inferring statements about part hood between two biological entities from statements about their spatial relation. From the perspective of chemistry, it is argued that classical mereological frameworks are not adequate to capture the practices of chemistry in that they consider neither temporal nor modal parameters. The final part introduces computer science and engineering. A new formal mereological framework in which an indeterminate relation of part hood is taken as a primitive notion is constructed and then applied to a wide variety of disciplines from robotics to knowledge engineering. A formal framework for discrete mereotopology and its applications is developed and finally, the importance of mereology for the relatively new science of domain engineering is also discussed.

Granular, Fuzzy, and Soft Computing

Author : Tsau-Young Lin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 1071626280
Total Pages : 936 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)

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Book Synopsis Granular, Fuzzy, and Soft Computing by : Tsau-Young Lin

Download or read book Granular, Fuzzy, and Soft Computing written by Tsau-Young Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-29 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science (ECSS, 2009) presented a comprehensive overview of granular computing (GrC) broadly divided into several categories: Granular computing from rough set theory, Granular Computing in Database Theory, Granular Computing in Social Networks, Granular Computing and Fuzzy Set Theory, Grid/Cloud Computing, as well as general issues in granular computing. In 2011, the formal theory of GrC was established, providing an adequate infrastructure to support revolutionary new approaches to computer/data science, including the challenges presented by so-called big data. For this volume of ECSS, Second Edition, many entries have been updated to capture these new developments, together with new chapters on such topics as data clustering, outliers in data mining, qualitative fuzzy sets, and information flow analysis for security applications. Granulations can be seen as a natural and ancient methodology deeply rooted in the human mind. Many daily "things" are routinely granulated into sub "things": The topography of earth is granulated into hills, plateaus, etc., space and time are granulated into infinitesimal granules, and a circle is granulated into polygons of infinitesimal sides. Such granules led to the invention of calculus, topology and non-standard analysis. Formalization of general granulation was difficult but, as shown in this volume, great progress has been made in combing discrete and continuous mathematics under one roof for a broad range of applications in data science.

An Introduction to Using Mapping Sentences

Author : Paul M. W. Hackett
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030785823
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Using Mapping Sentences by : Paul M. W. Hackett

Download or read book An Introduction to Using Mapping Sentences written by Paul M. W. Hackett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book acts as an introductory guide to understanding and using the mapping sentence as a tool in social science and humanities research. The book fills the need for a concise text that simply instructs how and when to use a mapping sentence and provides practical examples. Mapping sentences are a major research component and tool of facet theory. The book begins by covering the background to mapping sentence, including the philosophy and theory underpinning it. The following chapter discuss what mapping sentence is, what different kinds of mapping sentences exist, and knowing when and which to use it in a given situation. The book then moves into describing how to write a mapping sentence and how to analyse the information gained from mapping sentence research. It ends with a consideration of the future developments of mapping sentences and their applications across the social sciences and humanities, including in particular psychology, marketing, behavioural biology, art and health.

The History of Continua

Author : Stewart Shapiro
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198809646
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The History of Continua by : Stewart Shapiro

Download or read book The History of Continua written by Stewart Shapiro and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical and philosophical thought about continuity has changed considerably over the ages, from Aristotle's insistence that a continuum is a unified whole, to the dominant account today, that a continuum is composed of infinitely many points. This book explores the key ideas and debates concerning continuity over more than 2500 years.

Powers, Parts and Wholes

Author : Christopher J. Austin
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000931145
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Powers, Parts and Wholes by : Christopher J. Austin

Download or read book Powers, Parts and Wholes written by Christopher J. Austin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a fresh exploration of the parts–whole relations within a power and among powers. While the metaphysics of powers has been extensively examined in the literature, powers have yet to be studied from the perspective of their mereology. Powers are often assumed to be atomic, and yet what they can do—and what can happen to them—is complex. But if powers are simple, how can they have complex manifestations? Can powers have parts? According to which rules of composition do powers compose into powers? Given the centrality of powers in current scientific as well as philosophical thought, recognizing and understanding the ontological differences between atomic and mereologically complex powers is important, for both philosophy and science. The first part of this book explores how powers divide; the second part, how powers compose. The final part showcases some specific study cases in the domains of quantum mechanics and psychology. Powers, Parts and Wholes will be of interest to professional philosophers and graduate students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science and logic.

Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science

Author : William M.R. Simpson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351813242
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science by : William M.R. Simpson

Download or read book Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science written by William M.R. Simpson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have seen two significant trends emerging within the philosophy of science: the rapid development and focus on the philosophy of the specialised sciences, and a resurgence of Aristotelian metaphysics, much of which is concerned with the possibility of emergence, as well as the ontological status and indispensability of dispositions and powers in science. Despite these recent trends, few Aristotelian metaphysicians have engaged directly with the philosophy of the specialised sciences. Additionally, the relationship between fundamental Aristotelian concepts—such as "hylomorphism", "substance", and "faculties"—and contemporary science has yet to receive a critical and systematic treatment. Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science aims to fill this gap in the literature by bringing together essays on the relationship between Aristotelianism and science that cut across interdisciplinary boundaries. The chapters in this volume are divided into two main sections covering the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of the life sciences. Featuring original contributions from distinguished and early-career scholars, this book will be of interest to specialists in analytical metaphysics and the philosophy of science.

Projective Techniques and Sort-Based Research Methods

Author : Paul M.W. Hackett
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000891593
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Projective Techniques and Sort-Based Research Methods by : Paul M.W. Hackett

Download or read book Projective Techniques and Sort-Based Research Methods written by Paul M.W. Hackett and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Projective Techniques and Sort-Based Research Methods offers a brief introductory guide to the use of these exciting, innovative and often artistic approaches, to students and researchers who have no prior knowledge of these. This book brings together a wide range of examples of projective and mapping techniques that offer the ideal methodology for researchers wishing to collect less controlled and filtered material, that tap the deeper levels of the conscious and sub-conscious to reveal a more profound, richer and hidden level of response. It presents the techniques in a way that will enable the reader to appreciate their nature and to choose an appropriate method for their own research. Information is also provided that allows readers to design and implement their own projective or sort-based approaches. Each of the approaches the authors present are concisely described, and their usages explained, along with references and examples of the applied usage of the technique. The book is valuable reading for researchers from a wide range of academic disciplines from within the social sciences, humanities, business studies, marketing, etc. The book is an introductory guide, but it will be appropriate for use with undergraduate, post-graduate and research students. It will also be of great use to professionals working in the areas of consumer behaviour, marketing and communications.