Mechanisms Of Neuroinflammation And Inflammatory Neurodegeneration In Acute Brain Injury

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Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Acute Brain Injury

Author : Arthur Liesz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196917
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Acute Brain Injury by : Arthur Liesz

Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Acute Brain Injury written by Arthur Liesz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of brain-immune interactions became a cutting-edge topic in systemic neurosciences over the past years. Acute lesions of the brain parenchyma, particularly, induce a profound and highly complex neuroinflammatory reaction with similar mechanistic properties between differing disease paradigms like ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Resident microglial cells sense tissue damage and initiate inflammation, activation of the endothelial brain-immune interface promotes recruitment of systemic immune cells to the brain and systemic humoral immune mediators (e.g. complements and cytokines) enter the brain through the damaged blood-brain barrier. These cellular and humoral constituents of the neuroinflammatory reaction to brain injury contribute substantially to secondary brain damage and neurodegeneration. Diverse inflammatory cascades such as pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of invading leukocytes and direct cell-cell-contact cytotoxicity between lymphocytes and neurons have been demonstrated to mediate the inflammatory ‘collateral damage’ in models of acute brain injury. Besides mediating neuronal cell loss and degeneration, secondary inflammatory mechanisms also contribute to functional modulation of neurons and the impact of post-lesional neuroinflammation can even be detected on the behavioral level. The contribution of several specific immune cell subpopulations to the complex orchestration of secondary neuroinflammation has been revealed just recently. However, the differential vulnerability of specific neuronal cell types and the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory neurodegeneration are still elusive. Furthermore, we are only on the verge of characterizing the control of long-term recovery and neuronal plasticity after brain damage by inflammatory pathways. Yet, a more detailed but also comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interaction of these two supersystems is of direct translational relevance. Immunotherapeutic strategies currently shift to the center of translational research in acute CNS lesion since all clinical trials investigating direct neuroprotective therapies failed. To advance our knowledge on brain-immune communications after brain damage an interdisciplinary approach covered by cellular neuroscience as well as neuroimmunology, brain imaging and behavioral sciences is crucial to thoroughly depict the intricate mechanisms.

Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation

Author : Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535134515
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation by : Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu

Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation written by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.

Neuroinflammation

Author : Paul L. Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592594735
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation by : Paul L. Wood

Download or read book Neuroinflammation written by Paul L. Wood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-10-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unprecedented review of our current knowledge of the neuroinflammatory mediators and cells involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Beginning with a detailed review of our current concepts of which biochemical mediators are involved in neuronal loss and the mechanisms of cell death, the distinguished contributors critically examine those areas of current research involved in the design of specific pharmacological agents to inhibit at defined points in the neuroinflammatory cascade. They also address the molecular, cellular, and disease model actions of first-generation agents, as well as the potential clinical relevance to AIDS-related dementia, Alzheimer's disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Down's syndrome, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.

Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury

Author : Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498766579
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by : Daniel Laskowitz

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Immunological Mechanisms and Therapies in Brain Injuries and Stroke

Author : Jun Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461489156
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunological Mechanisms and Therapies in Brain Injuries and Stroke by : Jun Chen

Download or read book Immunological Mechanisms and Therapies in Brain Injuries and Stroke written by Jun Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research has revealed the importance of immunological mechanisms and inflammation in delaying damage and/or promoting repair after an acute injury to the central nervous system. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of immunological mechanisms and therapies for treating acute neurological injuries such as cerebral ischemia, hemorrhage, and brain and spinal cord trauma. In several sections, the contributing authors provide a review of immunological mechanisms involved in neurological injury and of various translational and clinical research aimed at harnessing those mechanisms for better patient outcomes.

Neuroinflammation and its Resolution: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Perspectives

Author : Morena Zusso
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889638545
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation and its Resolution: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Perspectives by : Morena Zusso

Download or read book Neuroinflammation and its Resolution: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Perspectives written by Morena Zusso and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuroinflammation — From Bench to Bedside

Author : H. Kettenmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540430902
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation — From Bench to Bedside by : H. Kettenmann

Download or read book Neuroinflammation — From Bench to Bedside written by H. Kettenmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-05-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the subject of neuroinflammation and attempts to take the reader on a journey from the bench to the bedside. The microglia and their response to brain injury as well as the importance of the chemokine family are discussed. The relevance of neuroinflammation in experimental models of BSE, scrapie and vCJD as well as Alzheimer's disease, stroke and multiple sclerosis is investigated before proceeding to clinical aspects of neuroinflammation and its involvement in human disease pathophysiology. The book provides an excellent introduction to the field of neuroinflammation and its involvement in human neurodegenerative disease.

Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration

Author : Phillip K. Peterson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 149391071X
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration by : Phillip K. Peterson

Download or read book Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration written by Phillip K. Peterson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State of the art reviews by experts in the fields of neuroscience, immunology, microbiology/infectious diseases and pharmacology addressing the convergence of the immune system (neuroinflammation) and the loss of neurons (neurodegeneration). Many of the diseases that are discussed in the book are of epidemic proportion, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, viral encephalitides and substance abuse. In addition to discussions of the involvement of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in these disorders, scientific reviews are presented on the cells and mediators that participate in defense of and damage to the nervous system. With rare exception, no or inadequate treatment exists for the diseases discussed in this book. An underlying premise of the book is that understanding of their shared pathogenic mechanisms will lead to improved therapies. Given the rapid evolution of the field of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, readers will find this book to be the most timely and authoritative reference on the subject of each of its chapters.

Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789535134527
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation by :

Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Author : Grace Y. Kuo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury by : Grace Y. Kuo

Download or read book Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Grace Y. Kuo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of secondary brain injury that perpetuates the duration and scope of disease after initial impact. This chapter discusses the pathophysiology of acute and chronic neuroinflammation, providing insight into factors that influence the acute clinical course and later functional outcomes. Secondary injury due to neuroinflammation is described by mechanisms of action such as ischemia, neuroexcitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and glymphatic and lymphatic dysfunction. Neurodegenerative sequelae of inflammation, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which are important to understand for clinical practice, are detailed by disease type. Prominent research topics of TBI animal models and biomarkers of traumatic neuroinflammation are outlined to provide insight into the advances in TBI research. We then discuss current clinical treatments in TBI and their implications in preventing inflammation. To complete the chapter, recent research models, novel biomarkers, and future research directions aimed at mitigating TBI will be described and will highlight novel therapeutic targets. Understanding the pathophysiology and contributors of neuroinflammation after TBI will aid in future development of prophylaxis strategies, as well as more tailored management and treatment algorithms. This topic chapter is important to both clinicians and basic and translational scientists, with the goal of improving patient outcomes in this common disease.

Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309463688
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroinflammation is a burgeoning area of interest in academia and biopharma, with a broadly acknowledged role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, there is little agreement on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the manifestations of neuroinflammation in the CNS compartment and how neuroinflammation operates as a driver and also as a consequence of disease in the brain. Moreover, another unclear area is how to translate increased understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neuroinflammation and its manifestations in the CNS to therapeutics. To address these gaps in understanding mechanisms and how to translate that understanding into therapeutics, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on March 20-21, 2017, bringing together key leaders in the field from industry, academia, and governmental agencies to explore the role and mechanisms of neuroinflammation in a variety of CNS diseases. The workshop also considered strategies to advance the identification and validation of biomarkers of neuroinflammation that could accelerate development of therapies, bringing much-needed treatments to patients with disorders ranging from neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders: Uncovering Mechanisms, Pharmacological Targets, and Neuropharmaceutical Developments

Download Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders: Uncovering Mechanisms, Pharmacological Targets, and Neuropharmaceutical Developments PDF Online Free

Author : Mariela Fernanda Perez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889741079
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders: Uncovering Mechanisms, Pharmacological Targets, and Neuropharmaceutical Developments by : Mariela Fernanda Perez

Download or read book Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders: Uncovering Mechanisms, Pharmacological Targets, and Neuropharmaceutical Developments written by Mariela Fernanda Perez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration and Metabolic Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Innovation

Author : Fawaz Alzaid
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832554091
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration and Metabolic Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Innovation by : Fawaz Alzaid

Download or read book Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration and Metabolic Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Innovation written by Fawaz Alzaid and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-05 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroinflammation manifests as changes to cognition or behavior, or as altered function in peripheral tissues. Patients with metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity) are more likely to suffer with neuroinflammation since the disrupted metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation that accompany metabolic diseases extends to the nervous system. Neuroinflammation will then lead to functional impairment and progressive loss of neuronal structure, with neurodegeneration being the end result. Factors like chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are candidate drivers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The effects on the nervous system also contribute to worsening insulin resistance and a further loss of metabolic function and homeostasis in innervated peripheral tissues (e.g., liver, adipose tissue). Persistent metabolic stress predisposes patients to peripheral neuropathies, cognitive dysfunction, and development of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Multiple associations link metabolic disease to neuropathology, targeting neuroinflammation to preserve neuronal integrity holds promise for managing metabolic diseases and associated neurological complications. Research on "Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration and Metabolic Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Innovation" is necessary to address several critical gaps in our understanding and treatment of metabolic diseases and of neuropathology. Firstly, while the role of systemic inflammation in metabolic diseases has been extensively studied, the specific impact of nervous system inflammation – neuroinflammation – and resulting neurodegeneration on these conditions is still an emerging field. Investigating the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration contribute to metabolic diseases can provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions.

Neuroinflammation in Stroke

Author : Ulrich Dirnagl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662054264
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation in Stroke by : Ulrich Dirnagl

Download or read book Neuroinflammation in Stroke written by Ulrich Dirnagl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful treatment of acute stroke remains one of the major challenges in clinical medicine. Over the last decades, the understanding of stroke pathophysiology has greatly improved, while the therapeutic options in stroke therapy remain very limited. Today, hyperacute mechanisms of damage, such as excitotoxicity, can be discriminated from delayed ones, such as inflammation and apoptosis. Targeting of inflammation has already been successfully applied in various stroke models, but translation into a clinically efficacious strategy has not been achieved so far. In this book, leading experts in basic cerebrovascular research as well as stroke treatment review the current evidence for and against an important role for inflammation in stroke, and explore the potential of treating or modulating inflammation in stroke therapy.

Neuroinflammation as a Target for Intervention in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Author : Fernando Testai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889633039
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation as a Target for Intervention in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by : Fernando Testai

Download or read book Neuroinflammation as a Target for Intervention in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage written by Fernando Testai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a stroke subtype that affects, preponderantly, young adults. This condition carries a mortality of approximately 30-50% and a rate of permanent neurological disability of 30%. In addition, a substantial number of patients with an apparent good outcome suffer from residual neurocognitive impairment which, though subtle, prevents them from returning to work and having a normal life. Based on these data, it has been estimated that SAH is responsible for almost a quarter of all the years lost because of stroke. The calcium channel blocker nimodipine remains the only pharmacological treatment for SAH. This drug, however, has limited effectiveness and its use in clinical practice may be limited due to hypotension. Therefore, novel and effective treatments for this condition are desperately needed. The outcome in SAH has been associated with early brain injury, vasospasm, and delayed cerebral ischemia. Mechanistically, these processes are characterized by micro- and macro-vascular dysfunction, microthrombi formation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation, brain edema, and neural-cell survival. Soon after SAH, there is a robust inflammatory response characterized by pyrexia, leukocytosis, and upregulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines in the periphery and in the CNS. Observational studies have shown that patients with more severe inflammatory responses experience worse outcomes after SAH. At the molecular level, different proinflammatory intracellular signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein-kinase and nuclear factor kappa-β, are activated in cerebral vessels after experimental SAH and their inhibition has been shown to decrease the occurrence of vasospasm. In addition, clinical and preclinical data have linked cytokine upregulation (interleukins [IL]-1B, IL-6 and IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), enhanced expression of adhesion molecules (selectins, integrins, and ICAM), and neutrophil activation to vasospasm of large cerebral arteries, microvascular dysregulation, and cell death. Moreover, immune cells regulate hemostasis and secrete active proteases, including matrix metalloproteinase 9, which promote microthrombosis and induce blood brain barrier dysfunction, respectively. In this context, it has been suggested that an enhanced inflammatory burden might contribute to brain injury in SAH through numerous downstream mechanisms. On the other hand, growing evidence demonstrates that neuroinflammation may influence the proliferation and migration of progenitor cells that participate of synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurorepair.

Inflammation and Stroke

Author : Giora Z. Feuerstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783764365110
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (651 download)

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Book Synopsis Inflammation and Stroke by : Giora Z. Feuerstein

Download or read book Inflammation and Stroke written by Giora Z. Feuerstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New opportunities for stroke prevention and therapeutics: a hope from anti-inflammatory drugs?.- Inflammation in stroke and CNS trauma - experimental and clinical evidence.- Clinical evidence of inflammation as a risk factor in ischemic stroke.- Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke: evidence from experimental models.- Inflammatory and immune responses to CNS injury: beneficial and detrimental components.- Salutary effect of autoimmune T cells after central nervous system injury.- Traumatic brain injury: is head trauma an inflammatory disease?.- Cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessels involving inflammatory mediators - implications for stroke.- Inflammatory cells in stroke.- Do leukocytes play a role in focal ischemia in the brain? An objective review of the literature.- The role of microglia in ischemic brain injury.- Inflammatory activation of brain cells by hypoxia: transcription factors and signaling pathways.- Inflammatory cytokines, interleukins and chemokines in stroke and CNS trauma.- Cytokine effects on CNS cells: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of stroke.- Interleukin-10 in cerebral ischemia and stroke.- Chemokines and ischemic stroke.- Biphasic activity of tumor necrosis factor in stroke and brain trauma: interaction with reactive oxygen species.- Interleukin-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutics.- Inflammatory cytokines in CNS trauma.- Inflammation in cerebral thrombosis, angiogenesis and matrix regulation: a new perspective in stroke research and therapeutics.- Microvessel integrin expression during focal cerebral ischemia.- The inflammatory response in focal cerebral ischemia.- Chronic neuronal perturbation mediated by RAGE, a receptor for ?-sheet fibrils and S100/calgranulins.- Mediators of inflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral ischemia.- Inflammatory proteases and oxygen radicals in stroke.- The role of metalloproteinases on blood-brain barrier breakdown after ischemic stroke.- Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in hypoxia/reoxygenation and stroke.- Extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and neuroinflammation in stroke.- Anti-oxidant strategies to treat stroke.- Inflammatory adhesion molecules, kinins, nitric oxide complement factors and lipid mediators in stroke.- Selectin-and complement-mediated mechanisms of tissue injury in stroke.- The kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic and traumatic brain injury.- Nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 in experimental focal stroke.

Neuroinflammation

Author : Alireza Minagar
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123849144
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation by : Alireza Minagar

Download or read book Neuroinflammation written by Alireza Minagar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation is a central mechanism in many neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain trauma as well as meningitis and contributes to the generation of pain. We are now beginning to understand the impact of the immune system on different nervous system functions and diseases, ranging from damage through tolerance to modulation and repair.This book discusses some of the more common neuro-inflammatory diseases. Topics covered include multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and Susac syndrome. - Comprehensive review of the latest developments in neuroinflammation - Includes contributions from leading authorities