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Mechanical And Chemical Signaling In Angiogenesis
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Author :Cynthia Reinhart-King Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642308554 Total Pages :280 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Mechanical and Chemical Signaling in Angiogenesis by : Cynthia Reinhart-King
Download or read book Mechanical and Chemical Signaling in Angiogenesis written by Cynthia Reinhart-King and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A worthy addition to Springer’s series of Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, this volume focuses on the latest techniques, with contributions from angiogenesis experts in engineering, cell and developmental biology, and chemistry.
Author :Cynthia A Reinhart-King Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642308562 Total Pages :280 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Mechanical and Chemical Signaling in Angiogenesis by : Cynthia A Reinhart-King
Download or read book Mechanical and Chemical Signaling in Angiogenesis written by Cynthia A Reinhart-King and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes and discusses recent advances in angiogenesis research. The chapters are organized to address all biological length scales of angiogenesis: molecular, cellular and tissue in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Specific emphasis is given to novel methodologies and biomaterials that have been developed and applied to angiogenesis research. Angiogenesis experts from diverse fields including engineering, cell and developmental biology, chemistry and physics will be invited to contribute chapters which focus on the mechanical and chemical signals which affect and promote angiogenesis.
Book Synopsis Mechanotransduction in Endothelial Cells by : Jie Liu
Download or read book Mechanotransduction in Endothelial Cells written by Jie Liu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Endothelial cells are mechano-sensitive cells and can perceive and respond to the biophysical changes in their microenvironment. However the molecular basis of the mechanisms by which endothelial cells perceive mechanical signals and relay them intracellularly to regulate gene expression remain unclear. It was our hypothesis that, signals generated by dynamic mechanical strain control human microvascular endothelial cell functions with high fidelity and spatial precision to regulate cell cycle progression and proliferation to promote angiogenesis in health and in disease. Our in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate that mechanoactivation of human endothelial cells results in (i) transcriptome wide upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis and tissue repair, (ii) activation of signaling cascades initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and integrin linked kinase, (iii) activation of Akt signaling cascade via phosphotidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent Ser473-Akt phosphorylation and subsequent activation of signaling events which augment cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, (v) activation of ERK1/2 signaling cascade to promote angiogenesis (vi) suppression of IL-1[beta]-induced proinflammatory gene transcription to support increased endothelial cell survival and cell proliferation, and (vii) persistence of pro-angiogenic effects of mechanical signals in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, the upregulation of angiogenesis by mechanical forces appears to play an important role in the increased induction of angiogenesis and more rapid wound resolution in vivo. The findings provide the molecular and biophysical basis by which mechanical forces, signaling molecules and transcription factors interplay to control cell growth and tissue organization. Furthermore, the findings provide the first evidence for the potential of mechanical signals in controlling tissue morphogenesis and open up new therapeutic options for wound healing and other angiogenesis dependent diseases.
Book Synopsis The Role of Hemodynamics in Angiogenesis by : Siavash Ghaffari
Download or read book The Role of Hemodynamics in Angiogenesis written by Siavash Ghaffari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ to form during embryonic development. Blood flow provides mechanical and chemical signals that are required for proper vascular development. The vasculature adapts to the onset of blood flow in part by forming new blood vessels through a process called angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is not limited to embryonic development, but also occurs after ischemic injuries, during wound healing as well as during tumour growth in cancers. A basic understanding of angiogenesis and the physiological cues that regulate the process is therefore an important therapeutic target for diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Angiogenesis also has application in regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering to provide nutrient transport to tissue. Blood flow provides biomechanical stimuli by exerting forces on the surrounding tissue including a tangential force on the luminal surface of the endothelium, called shear stress. Additionally, interstitial flow exiting or entering the vessel walls produces physical forces normal to the endothelium. Angiogenesis is known to be controlled by a range of signals, but the role of blood flow and biomechanical signals are not well understood. One of the greatest difficulties in studying the interplay of flow dynamics and vascular remodelling is that few tools are available to analyse flow dynamics in real time in vivo. Therefore, the initial objective of this thesis was to develop a method to concurrently visualise vascular remodelling and blood flow dynamics. We used an avian embryonic model and injected an endothelial-specific dye, to image the vasculature, and fluorescent microspheres, to track fluid motion. Microsphere motion was analysed via an optical technique called micro-particle image velocimetry ([mu]PIV). μPIV measurements are associated with large errors in complex geometry such as vessel branch points. As a result, we limited [mu]PIV measurements to straight segments and applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain the blood velocity in all other locations in the region of interest. The CFD analysis also allowed us to calculate other hemodynamic parameters such as the pressure, the vorticity and the shear stress. We then used our technique to investigate the role that hemodynamic signalling plays in angiogenic sprouting. We found that flow dynamics mediates the location of sprout initiation, direction of sprout elongation, and the rate of sprout elongation during vascular development. Using the developed method and obtained parameters, we demonstrated that sprout location can be predicted based on flow dynamics. Moreover, the rate of sprout elongation is proportional to the pressure difference across the interstitium. Our results suggested that cues from the flow dynamics are important mediators of vascular homeostasis and morphogenesis. In the last part of this work, we extended our technique to model interstitial flow passing through the porous matrix of the mesenchymal tissue. We modelled how VEGF transport within the tissue is altered by the presence of interstitial flow. This allowed us to simultaneously study the real-time interaction of luminal and transmural shear stress, interstitial flow, and VEGF distribution in angiogenesis. Interstitial flow strongly regulates the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the tissue. We found that interstitial flow created regions of high VEGF in the location of sprouting, but did not alone indicate the exact sprouting location. We also showed that the sprout elongated against the direction of interstitial flow, and that a strong relationship was present between the elongation rate and the interstitial flow rate. Our results underscore the interplay between hemodynamics and VEGF distribution that regulates the development of vascular network to meet its many functional demands." --
Book Synopsis Chemomechanics at Cell-cell and Cell-matrix Interfaces Critical to Angiogenesis by : Adam Scott Zeiger
Download or read book Chemomechanics at Cell-cell and Cell-matrix Interfaces Critical to Angiogenesis written by Adam Scott Zeiger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to characterize and control cellular responses in vitro has far reaching implications for basic science and applied medical research. For well over 125 years, researchers have studied the behavior of biological cells under in vitro conditions where rigid glass or plastic Petri dishes and defined media in the laboratory replace the compliant solids and crowded fluids of the human body in vivo. While these tools have enabled several important advances in understanding cell functions and pathological mechanisms, the behavior of tissue cells in vitro can differ remarkably from those observed in in vivo tissue microenvironments. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that there is a close coupling between the chemical and mechanical microenvironments of the cell (i.e., the chemomechanical niche). Therefore, the biochemical reactions and conditions responsible for generating mechanical stresses and attendant cell behaviors may not be well represented in typical in vitro assays. In several key respects, particularly in terms of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and phenotypic metabolism, in vitro assays often misrepresent the major characteristics of these behaviors in vivo. Most physiological processes are defined in part by mechanical force, mechanical microenvironment, and chemical stimuli (e.g., in angiogenesis or regulation of stern cell differentation), and therefore require an updated methodology to studying cellular mechanics and behavior. This thesis aims to address the molecular- to cellular-level chemical and mechanical environments that modulate cell function in vivo at the cell-cell and cell-matrix interfaces, while aiming to more accurately reproduce these cell responses in vitro. The experiments and analyses described in this work investigate two key questions at the heart of angiogenesis. First, how does the protein dense nature of tissue nicroenvironments affect extracellular matrix organization and, in turn, direct cell-matrix guided functions and cytoskeletal organization? This will be addressed by the addition of inert crowders which artificially enhance the effective concentration of relevant macromolecules and proteins in vitro. Second, how do the mechanically couplings and biochemical signals between adjacent, dissimilar cell types in the microvasculature coordinate and guide angiogenesis? Multiple types of deformable substrata will be used to investigate the mechanical strain and soluble growth factors generated by perivascular cells and the response of microvascular endothelial cells to those cues. This includes the development of a novel uniaxial strain-generating device and tissue culture surfaces for endothelial cells. Atomic force microscopy enabled imaging and nanoindentation, mechanically and chemically defined substrata, immunocyto-chemistry, and novel quanitification and analysis techniques are used concomitantly to answer these questions. Ultimately, this thesis aims to close the gap between in vitro cell culture and in vivo cell physiology, especially in directing and characterizing chemomechanical cues implicated in angiogenesis, and to inform the design of future experiments and microenvironments with non-dilute culture media and deformable substrata.
Book Synopsis Angiogenesis Assays by : Carolyn A. Staton
Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.
Book Synopsis Biomechanics in Oncology by : Cheng Dong
Download or read book Biomechanics in Oncology written by Cheng Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Three Volume Set provides a comprehensive collection of personal overviews on the latest developments and likely future directions in the field. By providing concise expositions on a broad range of topics, this encyclopedia is an excellent resource. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are relatively new fields still in their early stages of development, yet they already show great promise. This encyclopedia brings together foundational content and hot topics in both disciplines into a comprehensive resource, allowing deeper interdisciplinary research and conclusions to be drawn from two increasingly connected areas of biomedicine. Provides a ‘one-stop’ resource for access to information written by world-leading scholars in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Contains multimedia features, including hyperlinked references and further readings, cross-references and diagrams/images Represents the most comprehensive and exhaustive product on the market on the topic
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Vascular Disease by : Robert Fitridge
Download or read book Mechanisms of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Book Synopsis Vascular Development by : Derek J. Chadwick
Download or read book Vascular Development written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of blood vessels is an essential aspect of embryogenesis in vertebrates. It is a central feature of numerous post-embryonic processes, including tissue and organ growth and regeneration. It is also part of the pathology of tumour formation and certain inflammatory conditions. In recent years, comprehension of the molecular genetics of blood vessel formation has progressed enormously and studies in vertebrate model systems, especially the mouse and the zebrafish, have identified a common set of molecules and processes that are conserved throughout vertebrate embryogenesis while, in addition, highlighting aspects that may differ between different animal groups. The discovery in the past decade of the crucial role of new blood vessel formation for the development of cancers has generated great interest in angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones), with its major implications for potential cancer-control strategies. In addition, there are numerous situations where therapeutic treatments either require or would be assisted by vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of blood vessels). In particular, post-stroke therapies could include treatments that stimulate neovascularization of the affected tissues. The development of such treatments, however, requires thoroughly understanding the developmental properties of endothelial cells and the basic biology of blood vessel formation. While there are many books on angiogenesis, this unique book focuses on exactly this basic biology and explores blood vessel formation in connection with tissue development in a range of animal models. It includes detailed discussions of relevant cell biology, genetics and embryogenesis of blood vessel formation and presents insights into the cross-talk between developing blood vessels and other tissues. With contributions from vascular biologists, cell biologists and developmental biologists, a comprehensive and highly interdisciplinary volume is the outcome.
Book Synopsis Capillary Fluid Exchange by : Joshua Scallan
Download or read book Capillary Fluid Exchange written by Joshua Scallan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The partition of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments is regulated by forces (hydrostatic and oncotic) operating across the microvascular walls and the surface areas of permeable structures comprising the endothelial barrier to fluid and solute exchange, as well as within the extracellular matrix and lymphatics. In addition to its role in the regulation of vascular volume, transcapillary fluid filtration also allows for continuous turnover of water bathing tissue cells, providing the medium for diffusional flux of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular metabolism and removal of metabolic byproducts. Transendothelial volume flow has also been shown to influence vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles, hydraulic conductivity in capillaries, and neutrophil transmigration across postcapillary venules, while the flow of this filtrate through the interstitial spaces functions to modify the activities of parenchymal, resident tissue, and metastasizing tumor cells. Likewise, the flow of lymph, which is driven by capillary filtration, is important for the transport of immune and tumor cells, antigen delivery to lymph nodes, and for return of filtered fluid and extravasated proteins to the blood. Given this background, the aims of this treatise are to summarize our current understanding of the factors involved in the regulation of transcapillary fluid movement, how fluid movements across the endothelial barrier and through the interstitium and lymphatic vessels influence cell function and behavior, and the pathophysiology of edema formation. Table of Contents: Fluid Movement Across the Endothelial Barrier / The Interstitium / The Lymphatic Vasculature / Pathophysiology of Edema Formation
Book Synopsis Systems Biology of Cancer by : Sam Thiagalingam
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Book Synopsis TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades by : Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D.
Download or read book TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades written by Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first TRP ion channel was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster in 1989, the progress made in this area of signaling research has yielded findings that offer the potential to dramatically impact human health and wellness. Involved in gateway activity for all five of our senses, TRP channels have been shown to respond to a wide range of st
Book Synopsis Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine by : Wolfgang Holnthoner
Download or read book Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by Wolfgang Holnthoner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work presents the basic principles of angiogenesis induction, including the roles of signaling factors such as hypoxia-inducible factors, biophysical stimulation and angiogenic cells. The book also covers lymphogenesis induction. Both the established fundamentals in the field as well as new trends in the vascularization of engineered tissues are discussed. These include pre-vascularization strategies using preparation of channeled scaffolds and preparation of decellularized blood vessel trees, approaches to inducing formation of microvasculature and approaches to inducing the growth of vascular networks. The authors expand on these concepts with current studies of dual-level approaches to engineer vascularized tissue composites. The book concludes with a discussion of current clinical approaches and the use of vascular grafts in the context of providing clinical practice with new tissue engineering strategies.
Book Synopsis Cytomechanics by : Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
Download or read book Cytomechanics written by Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic information determines the composition of molecules comprising cytoskeletal elements, membranes and receptors. The supramolecular arrangement of these components represents a self-assembly process controlled by physicochemical and mechanical interactions. This general hypothesis demarcates the aim of studying cellular mechanics. Description and evaluation of mechanical properties of cells and their organelles, as well as of the forces exerted by them, is the scope of this book on Cytomechanics. Emphasis is laid on the role of mechanical properties in the generation of shape and cytoplasmic motion, and on the basic principles and components determining mechanical properties.
