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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Measuring the Pro - Poorness of Income Growth Within an Elasticity Framework written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B. Essama-Nssah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Measuring the Pro-Poorness of Income Growth within an Elasticity Framework written by B. Essama-Nssah and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty reduction has become a fundamental objective of development, and therefore a metric for assessing the effectiveness of various interventions. Economic growth can be a powerful instrument of income poverty reduction. This creates a need for meaningful ways of assessing the poverty impact of growth. This paper follows the elasticity approach to propose a measure of pro-poorness defined as a weighted average of the deviation of a growth pattern from the benchmark case. The measure can help assess pro-poorness both in terms of aggregate poverty measures, which are members of the additively separable class, and at percentiles. It also lends itself to a decomposition procedure, whereby the overall pattern of income growth can be unbundled, and the contributions of income components to overall pro-poorness identified. An application to data for Indonesia in the 1990s reveals that the amount of poverty reduction achieved over that period remains far below what would have been achieved under distributional neutrality. This conclusion is robust to the choice of a poverty measure among members of the additively separable class, and can be tracked back to changes in expenditure components.
Author : Boniface Essama-Nssah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Measuring the Pro-poorness of Income Growth Within an Elasticity Framework written by Boniface Essama-Nssah and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty reduction has become a fundamental objective of development, and therefore a metric for assessing the effectiveness of various interventions. Economic growth can be a powerful instrument of income poverty reduction. This creates a need for meaningful ways of assessing the poverty impact of growth. This paper follows the elasticity approach to propose a measure of pro-poorness defined as a weighted average of the deviation of a growth pattern from the benchmark case. The measure can help assess pro-poorness both in terms of aggregate poverty measures, which are members of the additively separable class, and at percentiles. It also lends itself to a decomposition procedure, whereby the overall pattern of income growth can be unbundled, and the contributions of income components to overall pro-poorness identified. An application to data for Indonesia in the 1990s reveals that the amount of poverty reduction achieved over that period remains far below what would have been achieved under distributional neutrality. This conclusion is robust to the choice of a poverty measure among members of the additively separable class, and can be tracked back to changes in expenditure components.
Author : Boniface Essama-Nssah
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book A Unified Framework for Pro-poor Growth Analysis written by Boniface Essama-Nssah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Starting with a general impact indicator as an evaluation criterion, Essama-Nssah offers an integrative framework for a unified discussion of various concepts and measures of pro-poor growth emerging from the current literature. He shows that whether economic growth is considered pro-poor depends fundamentally on the choice of evaluative weights. In addition, the author's framework leads to a new indicator of the rate of pro-poor growth that can be interpreted as the equally distributed equivalent growth rate. This is a distribution-adjusted rate of growth that depends on the chosen level of inequality aversion. Illustrations based on data for Indonesia in the 1990s show a strong link between growth and poverty reduction in that country. A decomposition of the observed poverty outcomes reveals the extent to which changes in inequality have blunted the poverty impacts of both growth and contraction. Finally, the results also demonstrate that absolute and relative indicators of pro-poor growth can lead to conflicting conclusions from the same set of facts. This paper'-- a product of the Poverty Reduction Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network-- is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the distributional implications of economic growth"-- World Bank web site.
Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513572660
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey written by Ms. Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Author : T. M. Tonmoy Islam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Estimating the Elasticity of Growth in the US Using the Generalized Means of Income written by T. M. Tonmoy Islam and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth has been a key mantra to encourage poverty reduction in developing countries. Studies have shown that a one percent GDP growth can reduce absolute poverty, or increase the average income of the poorest quintile, by one percent or more in developing countries. The literature calls this relationship between poverty reduction and growth as growth elasticity. However, there is very little research available studying the extent of growth elasticity in a developed economy. I fill this vacuum in literature by applying the method of generalized means of income outlined in Foster and Székely (2008) on micro-level data to estimate the elasticity of growth in the US. The generalized means of income satisfies all the axioms of a good income standard, which makes it a preferred method to measure the elasticity of growth. My analysis shows that most of the growth in the US is driven by the richer segment of the society. The 'wealthier' poor get some benefit from growth - a one percent increase in per-capita state-level income leads to about 0.9 percent increase in their income in the short and long-run. However, this relationship diminishes when I calculate the growth elasticity of those in deeper poverty. Sector-wise decomposition of income shows that the 'wealthier' poor benefits from an increase in the size of the service sector, but those in deeper poverty do not see this benefit.
Author : Norman Loayza
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation written by Norman Loayza and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then in presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributuons from labor-intensive sectors (such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484396987
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Inequality of Opportunity, Inequality of Income and Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.
Author : Estanislao Gacitúa-Marió
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Measurement and Meaning written by Estanislao Gacitúa-Marió and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report consists of a collection of case studies from Latin America combining qualitative and quantitative research methods for the analysis of poverty within a social exclusion framework. The first chapter provides an overview of the differences between quantitative and qualitative methods, and the gains from using both types of methods in applied work. The other chapters are devoted to three case studies on reproductive health in rural Argentina, the targeting of social programs in Chile, and social exclusion in urban Uruguay. Each case study was prepared within the broader context of country-specific economic and sectoral work at the World Bank. The chapters are: (1) Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Policy Research on Poverty within a Social Exclusion Framework (Carine Clert, Estanislao Gacitua-Mario, and Quentin Wodon); (2) Reproductive Health in Argentina's Poor Rural Area (Estanislao Gacitua-Mario, Corinne Sianes, and Quentin Wodon); (3) The Targeting of Government Programs in Chile (Carine Clert and Quentin Wodon); and (4) Social Exclusion in Urban Uruguay. Each chapter contains references. (Author/SLD).
Author : Stephen P. Jenkins
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191527289
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Inequality and Poverty Re-Examined written by Stephen P. Jenkins and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-09-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issues surrounding poverty and inequality continue to be of central concern to academics, politicians and policy makers but the ways in which we seek to study and understand them continue to change over time. This accessible book seeks to provide a guide to some of the new approaches that have been developed in the light of international initiatives to reduce poverty and the notable changes in income inequality and poverty that have occurred across many western countries in recent years. These new approaches have to some degree been facilitated by the emergence of new techniques and a growing availability of data that enable cross national comparisons not only of income but also of measures of welfare such as educational achievement, nutritional status in developing countries and wealth and deprivation indicators in the developed world. Including specially commissioned research from a distinguished list of international authors, this volume makes a real contribution to the public debate surrounding inequality and poverty as well as providing new empirical information about them from around the world.
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Poverty Reduction without Economic Growth? Explaining Brazil's Poverty Dynamics, 1985-2004 written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Brazil's slow pace of poverty reduction over the last two decades reflects both low growth and a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Using GDP data disaggregated by state and sector for a twenty-year period, this paper finds considerable variation in the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth-across sectors, across space, and over time. Growth in the services sector was substantially more poverty-reducing than was growth in either agriculture or industry. Growth in industry had very different effects on poverty across different states and its impact varied with initial conditions related to human development and worker empowerment. The determinants of poverty reduction changed around 1994: positive growth rates and a greater (absolute) elasticity with respect to agricultural growth contributed to faster poverty reduction. But because there was so little of it, economic growth played a relatively small role in accounting for Brazil's poverty reduction between 1985 and 2004. The taming of hyperinflation (in 1994) and substantial expansions in social security and social assistance transfers, beginning in 1988, accounted for a larger share of the overall reduction in poverty.
Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book A Poverty-Forcused Evaluation of Commodity Tax Options written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonathan Haughton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821376144
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Handbook on Poverty + Inequality written by Jonathan Haughton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For anyone wanting to learn, in practical terms, how to measure, describe, monitor, evaluate, and analyze poverty, this Handbook is the place to start. It is designed to be accessible to people with a university-level background in science or the social sciences. It is an invaluable tool for policy analysts, researchers, college students, and government officials working on policy issues related to poverty and inequality.
Author : Ravi Kanbur
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821381814
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Equity and Growth in a Globalizing World written by Ravi Kanbur and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-05-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared by the Commission on Growth and Development, this volume brings together and evaluates the state of knowledge on the relationship between poverty, equity, and globalization.
Author : Xiaolin Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811911894
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Multidimensional Poverty Measurement written by Xiaolin Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses and compensates for the lack of poverty measurement research in China. With regard to the multi-dimensional measurement of poverty, it is clear that the situation of Chinese farmers is problematic in terms of five major aspects: sanitation facilities, health insurance, durable consumer goods, productive assets and modern fuels. Based on these criteria, the book provides a clear direction for policy intervention to comprehensively improve farmers’ standard of living and tackle the key problems of poverty alleviation and development in the region. In addition, its analysis of poverty among ethnic minorities, the elderly and children offers valuable reference material for poverty alleviation and the development of special groups.
Author : Andrew McKay
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191044121
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Andrew McKay and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After many years of disappointing performance, Sub-Saharan Africa has shown impressive growth performance since the start of the millenium. However, the impact of this on poverty reduction is still not well understood and this led the African Economics Research Consortium in Nairobi to undertake a major collaborative research project on the linkages between growth and poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. This volume is based on research undertaken by world leading researchers on major issues influencing the extent to which growth can translate into poverty reduction. The volume includes two review chapters on the impact of growth on poverty reduction, and on the impact of widespread poverty on economic growth, and argues that both relationships are important for understanding how growth and poverty reduction interact. The volume focuses, in detail, on the role of agriculture, the labour market, the informal sector, the industrial sector, the global context, and macroeconomic issues. All chapters comprise an extensive review of the existing literature and highlight new and important directions. As more information on the evolution of poverty and living conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa emerge, this volume is important in helping to interpret and explain that evidence.
