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Measuring Technological Innovation Over The Long Run
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Book Synopsis Measuring Technological Innovation Over the Long Run by : Bryan T. Kelly
Download or read book Measuring Technological Innovation Over the Long Run written by Bryan T. Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use textual analysis of high-dimensional data from patent documents to create new indicators of technological innovation. We identify significant patents based on textual similarity of a given patent to previous and subsequent work: these patents are distinct from previous work but are related to subsequent innovations. Our measure of patent significance is predictive of future citations and correlates strongly with measures of market value. We identify breakthrough innovations as the most significant patents -- those in the right tail of our measure -- to construct indices of technological change at the aggregate, sectoral, and firm level. Our technology indices span two centuries (1840-2010) and cover innovation by private and public firms, as well as non-profit organizations and the US government. These indices capture the evolution of technological waves over a long time span and are strong predictors of productivity at the aggregate, sectoral, and firm level.
Book Synopsis Measuring Technological Innovation Over the Long Run by : Bryan T. Kelly
Download or read book Measuring Technological Innovation Over the Long Run written by Bryan T. Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use textual analysis of high-dimensional data from patent documents to create new indicators of technological innovation. We identify important patents based on textual similarity of a given patent to previous and subsequent work: these patents are distinct from previous work but are related to subsequent innovations. Our importance indicators correlate with existing measures of patent quality but also provide complementary information. We identify breakthrough innovations as the most important patents--those in the right tail of our measure--and construct time-series indices of technological change at the aggregate and sectoral level. Our technology indices capture the evolution of technological waves over a long time span (1840 to the present) and cover innovation by private and public firms, as well as non-profit organizations and the US government. Advances in electricity and transportation drive the index in the 1880s; chemicals and electricity in the 1920s and 1930s; and computers and communication in the post-1980s.
Book Synopsis Patterns of Technological Innovation by : Devendra Sahal
Download or read book Patterns of Technological Innovation written by Devendra Sahal and published by Addison Wesley Longman. This book was released on 1981 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on causes, trends and impact of technological change - presents definitions and theoretical approaches to the description of the origin, diffusion and development of new technology (incl. Historical inventions and innovations), discusses effects on long term economic growth, manufacturing, learning, research and development, etc., and includes science policy, educational policy and industrial policy suggestions and case studies. Graphs and references.
Book Synopsis Conceptualizing and measuring technological innovation by : Giorgio Sirilli
Download or read book Conceptualizing and measuring technological innovation written by Giorgio Sirilli and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How to achieve the welfare state in the twenty-first century by : Kozulj, Roberto
Download or read book How to achieve the welfare state in the twenty-first century written by Kozulj, Roberto and published by Editorial UNRN. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kozulj proposes a bold and vital idea: if the activities linked to urban development were reoriented towards the construction and reconstruction of sustainable cities, this would tend to solve a large part of the problem of structural unemployment,
Book Synopsis Technological Change and the Environment by : Arnulf Grübler
Download or read book Technological Change and the Environment written by Arnulf Grübler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is written in the popular literature about the current pace of technological change. But do we have enough scientific knowledge about the sources and management of innovation to properly inform policymaking in technology dependent domains such as energy and the environment? While it is agreed that technological change does not 'fall from heaven like autumn leaves,' the theory, data, and models are deficient. The specific mechanisms that govern the rate and direction of inventive activity, the drivers and scope for incremental improvements that occur during technology diffusion, and the spillover effects that cross-fertilize technological innovations remain poorly understood. In a work that will interest serious readers of history, policy, and economics, the editors and their distinguished contributors offer a unique, single volume overview of the theoretical and empirical work on technological change. Beginning with a survey of existing research, they provide analysis and case studies in contexts such as medicine, agriculture, and power generation, paying particular attention to what technological change means for efficiency, productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. The book includes a historical analysis of technological change, an examination of the overall direction of technological change, and general theories about the sources of change. The contributors empirically test hypotheses of induced innovation and theories of institutional innovation. They propose ways to model induced technological change and evaluate its impact, and they consider issues such as uncertainty in technology returns, technology crossover effects, and clustering. A copublication o Resources for the Future (RFF) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
Book Synopsis The Changing Economics of Medical Technology by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book The Changing Economics of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans praise medical technology for saving lives and improving health. Yet, new technology is often cited as a key factor in skyrocketing medical costs. This volume, second in the Medical Innovation at the Crossroads series, examines how economic incentives for innovation are changing and what that means for the future of health care. Up-to-date with a wide variety of examples and case studies, this book explores how payment, patent, and regulatory policiesâ€"as well as the involvement of numerous government agenciesâ€"affect the introduction and use of new pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures. The volume also includes detailed comparisons of policies and patterns of technological innovation in Western Europe and Japan. This fact-filled and practical book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.
Author :National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Industrial Science and Technological Innovation. Productivity Improvement Research Section Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :298 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis The Process of Technological Innovation by : National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Industrial Science and Technological Innovation. Productivity Improvement Research Section
Download or read book The Process of Technological Innovation written by National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Industrial Science and Technological Innovation. Productivity Improvement Research Section and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Innovation A New Perspective by : OECD
Download or read book Measuring Innovation A New Perspective written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05-25 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Innovation is a major step towards evidence-based innovation policy making. It complements traditional “positioning”-type indicators with ones that show how innovation is, or could be, linked to policy.
Book Synopsis Patents, Citations, and Innovations by : Adam B. Jaffe
Download or read book Patents, Citations, and Innovations written by Adam B. Jaffe and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of how patents and citation data can serve empirical research on innovation and technological change.
Book Synopsis Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the Twenty-First Century by : Carol Corrado
Download or read book Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the Twenty-First Century written by Carol Corrado and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Measuring innovation is a challenging task, both for researchers and for national statisticians. This task is timely and valuable given that policy and public interest in innovation has become increasingly intense in this era of digital revolution, yet National GDP Accounts and other economic statistics do not fully account for the wide range of innovative activity that is plainly evident in everyday experience. Indeed, innovation has in many ways changed the structure of an increasingly digitized marketplace, from cloud computing to the gig economy. The papers collected in this volume, Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the Twenty-First Century, address many different dimensions of this challenge, ranging from how to best to define GDP to the fundamental question of what is an innovation and how to collect data at the level of an individual innovation. Taken together, the volume provides a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge of this widely varied but thematically-connected research that draws on multiple methodologies and data. The editors and authors consider how measurement frameworks could be expanded to enhance our understanding of innovative activity; new approaches and evidence that could account for innovation's economic impact; innovation's effect across the economy, from production processes to labor markets and financial activities; and what practical adjustments could be made to current measurements that would better capture innovation. The distinctive stance of this volume makes clear that the challenge of measuring innovation and understanding its implications has become increasingly complex as the economy has evolved. The editors and authors show that the limitations of our existing measurement system significantly hinder researchers, analysts, and policymakers. Better measures of innovative activity are necessary to interpret the consequences of innovation in daily life and to inform policies that best promote the attendant benefits, including distribution of income, trademark protections, and more. Now, in an era of fake news and alternative facts, it is more important than ever to push for accuracy in basic economic facts"--
Book Synopsis Technological Innovation Index by : Freddy Pachys
Download or read book Technological Innovation Index written by Freddy Pachys and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not all innovations are equal. Though recent economic literature on the evaluation of technological change acknowledges this reality, actual evaluation methods suffer from numerous limitations. Technological Innovation Index uses patent citation analysis to highlight the enormous variation in the characteristics, importance and evolution of technology over time and outlines a set of sophisticated tools for its analysis. Prominent among them is ?Patent Importance Technology Factor? (PITF), an improved algorithm for the calculation of patent impact using citation scores. The usefulness of PITF is illustrated by examining the evolution paths of high-impact innovations. The methods proposed have important implications for the measurement of technological change and would be of interest to a wide range of patent specialists, including economists, technology evaluators, finance and law professionals."The work of Fredrick Pachys signifies a further and important contribution towards our ability to quantify in a meaningful way the "importance" or "impact" of patents. There is no question that in this era of accelerated innovations we need better indicators of the significance of patents, both for academic purposes and for policy - PITF is a milestone in that direction."Prof. Manuel TrajtenbergTel-Aviv University, Author of "Patents, Citations and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy" (with Adam Jaffe). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002.
Book Synopsis Innovation for Value and Mission by : Peet van Biljon
Download or read book Innovation for Value and Mission written by Peet van Biljon and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation. No other concept is so widely celebrated, yet so secretly dreaded. The reason: innovation requires managing through uncertainty. This is hard for any organization whether private or public, small or large. This book provides a roadmap for those who want to understand and manage innovation in all its aspects. It explains both the "how" and the "why" of innovation – its economic and policy context as well as the techniques by which it can be orchestrated, along with the management systems needed to govern it. Innovation is uniquely presented through both a private-sector (value-creating) and public-sector (mission-fulfilling) lens. Topics covered in context include modern innovation and creativity techniques such as design thinking and the Lean Startup, the organizational challenges of innovation, as well as innovation project- and portfolio management techniques. Business-model innovation and open innovation complete the picture from the manager’s perspective. The private and public financing of R&D, startups, and corporate innovation are presented – contrasting the private and public worlds while explaining how they complement each other. Government innovation policy is discussed in its historical and contemporary context, and the innovation policy toolset is introduced. Continual innovation is vital for companies and countries to prosper. Readers will learn why innovation must follow technological breakthroughs to raise productivity and economic growth, and how innovation – when done right – can benefit larger society. An explanation for unequal growth – that some companies, regions, and countries are not seeing the full productivity gains promised by modern technology – is explored in the context of technology diffusion. No previous experience in innovation management, economics or public policy is assumed, and the book moves fast to equip the reader with practical tools and techniques. Innovation for Value and Mission is suitable for an introductory graduate level course, or as a desk reference for experienced practitioners and policymakers. Because it connects multiple topic areas and contains ample additional references, the book is also a great resource for those with expertise in one particular area of innovation who desire to branch out into other areas.
Book Synopsis Technological innovation, resource allocation, and growth by : Leonid Kogan
Download or read book Technological innovation, resource allocation, and growth written by Leonid Kogan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore the role of technological innovation as a source of economic growth by constructing direct measures of innovation at the firm level. We combine patent data for US firms from 1926 to 2010 with the stock market response to news about patents to assess the economic importance of each innovation. Our innovation measure predicts productivity and output at the firm, industry and aggregate level. Furthermore, capital and labor flow away from non-innovating firms towards innovating firms within an industry. There exists a similar, though weaker, pattern across industries. Cross-industry differences in technological innovation are strongly related to subsequent differences in industry output growth.
Download or read book Breakthrough written by Martin Fleming and published by Business Expert Press. This book was released on 2022-10-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the economic logic of the significant variation in growth over long periods. What’s necessary for the U.S. and other developed nations to realize stronger growth and more equal incomes? What’s necessary for families to feel vacations, college educations, and retirements are possible? Will artificial intelligence (AI) automate or augment workers’ jobs? Will the 2020-2021 global pandemic be sufficiently disruptive to deliver fundamental transformation? Economic success in the decades ahead will depend on the willingness of households, businesses, and governments to innovate and change ways of living and working. To explore these questions, the 4th Industrial Revolution is a unique frame to assess global economic transformation, providing a point-in-time reference for placing current events in the context of sustained, multi-decade periods of faster and slower growth. Political, social, and economic metamorphoses have accompanied each revolution. This book examines the economic logic of the significant variation in growth over long periods. Climate change and the global warming consequences of fossil-fuel technologies will need to bring about a new energy technology and, if successful, result in renewable energy sources, reducing energy expense. The success of the 4th Industrial Revolution is not assured. While the future is uncertain, history suggests success requires that barriers are addressed, workers and businesses engage in the necessary change, and a positive policy response provides the needed leadership. The book proposes a Growth and Fairness Agenda and a New Social Contract through which stronger economic growth and more equally distributed incomes can be possible. Recognize traditional policy actions may be insufficient to achieve stronger long-term growth. Promote improved confidence and a positive outlook among small and medium enterprises. Encourage advances in AI technology while addressing risks and fairness issues. Support deeper worker engagement between business leaders and workers. Seek a new social contract among workers, businesses, and governments.
Book Synopsis The Positive Sum Strategy by : Nathan Rosenberg
Download or read book The Positive Sum Strategy written by Nathan Rosenberg and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of the relationship between technology and economic growth. Many of the 42 chapters discuss the political and corporate decisions for what one author calls a "Competitiveness Policy." As contributor John A. Young states, "Technology is our strongest advantage in world competition. Yet we do not capitalize on our preeminent position, and other countries are rapidly closing the gap." This lively volume provides many fresh insights including "two unusually balanced and illuminating discussions of Japan," Science noted.
Author :Philippe Aghion Publisher :London : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario ISBN 13 :9780771411168 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (111 download)
Book Synopsis A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction by : Philippe Aghion
Download or read book A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction written by Philippe Aghion and published by London : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario. This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a model based on Schumpeter's process of creative destruction. It departs from existing models of endogenous growth in emphasizing obsolescence of old technologies induced by the accumulation of knowledge and the resulting process or industrial innovations. This has both positive and normative implications for growth. In positive terms, the prospect of a high level of research in the future can deter research today by threatening the fruits of that research with rapid obsolescence. In normative terms, obsolescence creates a negative externality from innovations, and hence a tendency for laissez-faire economies to generate too many innovations, i.e too much growth. This "business-stealing" effect is partly compensated by the fact that innovations tend to be too small under laissez-faire. The model possesses a unique balanced growth equilibrium in which the log of GNP follows a random walk with drift. The size of the drift is the average growth rate of the economy and it is endogenous to the model ; in particular it depends on the size and likelihood of innovations resulting from research and also on the degree of market power available to an innovator.
