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Author : John M. Gonser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Measurements of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence on the 1.27 Mev Level of Sn−p116 −s written by John M. Gonser and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Final Report for Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Measurements of 239Pu Above 2.5 MeV. written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence measurements were performed at the free electron laser facility at UC Santa Barbara using a bremsstrahlung beam. Three endpoint energies were chosen for the bremsstrahlung to cover as much area above 2.5 MeV as possible. We were able to set an upper limit of NRF state strengths between 2.5 and 3.8 MeV at roughly 38(5) eV barns at the 4-sigma level and 9(2) eV barns at the 1-sigma level. Published results on states near 2.4 MeV indicate strengths about 10(2) eV barns. Details of the results are presented in this report.
Author : Kurt Reibel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (244 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Level Parameters from Resonance Fluorescence at 7 Mev written by Kurt Reibel and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wynand Louw Mouton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (26 download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Nuclear Lifetimes by the Resonance Fluorescence Technique written by Wynand Louw Mouton and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ryan Matthew Yee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (783 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Measurements on 237Np for Security and Safeguards Applications written by Ryan Matthew Yee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (722 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Experiments on _1hn2_1hn0_1hn4_1hn,_1hn2_1hn0_1hn6_1hn,_1hn2_1hn0_1hn7_1hn_,_1hn2_1hn0_1hn8Pb Up to 6.75 MeV written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian Joseph Quiter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay written by Brian Joseph Quiter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the measurement of nuclear resonance fluorescence gamma-rays as a technique to non-destructively determine isotopic compositions of target materials that are of interest for nuclear security applications. The physical processes that can result in non-resonant background to nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements are described and investigated using a radiation transport computer code that relies on the Monte Carlo technique, MCNPX. The phenomenon of nuclear resonance fluorescence is discussed with consideration of the angular distributions of resonance emissions, the effects of nuclear recoil, and the influence of thermal motion. Models describing two ways of measuring nuclear resonance fluorescence rates in materials are considered. First the measurement of back-scattered photons is considered. In this type of measurement, the portion of the interrogating photon beam that is scattered into large relative angles is measured. When the radioactivity of the target can be overcome by shielding or by use of intense photon sources, direct measurement of gamma-rays, emitted during nuclear resonance fluorescence can provide quantitative signatures that appear to be useful for applications such as forensic age-dating of large radiological sources. However, if the target radioactivity is too intense, as in the case for most spent nuclear fuel, a second measurement type, where indirect measurement of transmitted resonant-energy photons can also provide quantitative information. This method allows radiation detectors to be better-shielded from target radioactivity, but suffers from a slower accrual rate of statistical confidence. The models described herein indicate that very intense photon sources and large high-resolution detector arrays would be needed to measure 239Pu content in spent fuel to precisions desired by nuclear safeguards organizations. However, the rates at which statistics accrue are strongly proportional to the strengths of the resonances, and measurement of a plutonium isotope with stronger resonances may provide more practical measurement rates. The model for predicting relative detection rates of nuclear resonance fluorescence gamma-rays in the transmission measurement was experimentally tested using the 238U in a mixture of depleted uranium and lead as a surrogate for 239Pu in spent fuel. The experiment indicated that the model was approximately correct, but that the process of notch refilling, which was excluded from the initial model, appears to be visible. Data files of the computer code, MCNPX, were modified to allow for nuclear resonance fluorescence to be simulated and a bug in the code was repaired to allow the code to more accurately simulate non-resonant elastic photon scattering. Simulations using this modified version of MCNPX have indicated that the magnitude of the notch refill process is comparable to that of the difference between the analytical model and the experimental data.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Excitations Near 2 MeV in 235U and 239Pu written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A search for nuclear resonance fluorescence excitations in 235U and 239Pu within the energy range of 1.0- to 2.5-MeV was performed using a 4-MeV continuous bremsstrahlung source at the High Voltage Research Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Measurements utilizing high purity Ge detectors at backward angles identified 9 photopeaks in 235U and 12 photopeaks in 239Pu in this energy range. These resonances provide unique signatures that allow the materials to be non-intrusively detected in a variety of environments including fuel cells, waste drums, vehicles and containers. The presence and properties of these states may prove useful in understanding the mechanisms for mixing low-lying collective dipole excitations with other states at low excitations in heavy nuclei.
Download or read book Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Safeguards Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) measurements, resonances are excited by an external photon beam leading to the emission of [gamma] rays with specific energies that are characteristic of the emitting isotope. The promise of NRF as a non-destructive analysis technique (NDA) in safeguards applications lies in its potential to directly quantify a specific isotope in an assay target without the need for unfolding the combined responses of several fissile isotopes as often required by other NDA methods. The use of NRF for detection of sensitive nuclear materials and other contraband has been researched in the past. In the safeguards applications considered here one has to go beyond mere detection and precisely quantify the isotopic content, a challenge that is discussed throughout this report. Basic NRF measurement methods, instrumentation, and the analytical calculation of NRF signal strengths are described in Section 2. Well understood modeling and simulation tools are needed for assessing the potential of NRF for safeguards and for designing measurement systems. All our simulations were performed with the radiation transport code MCNPX, a code that is widely used in the safeguards community. Our initial studies showed that MCNPX grossly underestimated the elastically scattered background at backwards angles due to an incorrect treatment of Rayleigh scattering. While new, corrected calculations based on ENDF form factors showed much better agreement with experimental data for the elastic scattering of photons on an uranium target, the elastic backscatter is still not rigorously treated. Photonuclear scattering processes (nuclear Thomson, Delbruck and Giant Dipole Resonance scattering), which are expected to play an important role at higher energies, are not yet included. These missing elastic scattering contributions were studied and their importance evaluated evaluated against data found in the literature as discussed in Section 3. A transmission experiment was performed in September 2009 to test and demonstrate the applicability of the method to the quantitative measurement of an isotope of interest embedded in a thick target. The experiment, data analysis, and results are described in Section 4. The broad goal of our NRF studies is to assess the potential of the technique in safeguards applications. Three examples are analyzed in Section 5: the isotopic assay of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), the measurement of 235U enrichment in UF6 cylinders, and the determination of 239Pu in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. The study of NRF for the assay of SNF assemblies was supported by the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of a large multi-lab/university effort to quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass in spent nuclear fuel assemblies and to detect the diversion of pins with non-destructive assay (NDA) methods. NRF is one of 14 NDA techniques being researched. The methodology for performing and analyzing quantitative NRF measurements was developed for determining Pu mass in SNF and is extensively discussed in this report. The same methodology was applied to the assessment of NRF for the measurement of 235U enrichment and the determination of 239Pu in MOX fuel. The analysis centers on determining suitable NRF measurement methods, measurement capabilities that could be realized with currently available instrumentation, and photon source and detector requirements for achieving useful NDA capabilities.
Author : Hitoshi Imada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (569 download)
Download or read book Measurements of Several Nuclear Lifetimes by the Resonance Fluorescence Method written by Hitoshi Imada and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1652 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xerox University Microfilms
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 960 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index, 1861-1972: Astronomy and physics, A-L written by Xerox University Microfilms and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 0854044337
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry written by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared by the IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division this definitive manual, now in its third edition, is designed to improve the exchange of scientific information among the readers in different disciplines and across different nations. This book has been systematically brought up to date and new sections added to reflect the increasing volume of scientific literature and terminology and expressions being used. The Third Edition reflects the experience of the contributors with the previous editions and the comments and feedback have been integrated into this essential resource. This edition has been compiled in machine-readable form and will be available online.
Author : Francis F. Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475755953
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion written by Francis F. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TO THE SECOND EDITION In the nine years since this book was first written, rapid progress has been made scientifically in nuclear fusion, space physics, and nonlinear plasma theory. At the same time, the energy shortage on the one hand and the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn on the other have increased the national awareness of the important applications of plasma physics to energy production and to the understanding of our space environment. In magnetic confinement fusion, this period has seen the attainment 13 of a Lawson number nTE of 2 x 10 cm -3 sec in the Alcator tokamaks at MIT; neutral-beam heating of the PL T tokamak at Princeton to KTi = 6. 5 keV; increase of average ß to 3%-5% in tokamaks at Oak Ridge and General Atomic; and the stabilization of mirror-confined plasmas at Livermore, together with injection of ion current to near field-reversal conditions in the 2XIIß device. Invention of the tandem mirror has given magnetic confinement a new and exciting dimension. New ideas have emerged, such as the compact torus, surface-field devices, and the EßT mirror-torus hybrid, and some old ideas, such as the stellarator and the reversed-field pinch, have been revived. Radiofrequency heat ing has become a new star with its promise of dc current drive. Perhaps most importantly, great progress has been made in the understanding of the MHD behavior of toroidal plasmas: tearing modes, magnetic Vll Vlll islands, and disruptions.
Author : Paul Heitjans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540309705
Total Pages : 971 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Diffusion in Condensed Matter written by Paul Heitjans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, handbook-style survey of diffusion in condensed matter gives detailed insight into diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement. It is understood and presented as a phenomenon of crucial relevance for a large variety of processes and materials. In this book, all aspects of the theoretical fundamentals, experimental techniques, highlights of current developments and results for solids, liquids and interfaces are presented.
Author : Philip A. Baedecker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Methods for Geochemical Analysis written by Philip A. Baedecker and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical methods used in the Geologic Division laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey for the inorganic chemical analysis of rock and mineral samples.
