Mathematics Via Problems Part 2 Geometry

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Mathematics via Problems

Author : Mikhail B. Skopenkov
Publisher : American Mathematical Society, Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute (SLMath, formerly MSRI)
ISBN 13 : 1470460106
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics via Problems by : Mikhail B. Skopenkov

Download or read book Mathematics via Problems written by Mikhail B. Skopenkov and published by American Mathematical Society, Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute (SLMath, formerly MSRI). This book was released on 2023-11-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a translation from Russian of Part III of the book Mathematics via Problems: From Olympiads and Math Circles to Profession. Part I, Algebra, and Part II, Geometry, have been published in the same series. The main goal of this book is to develop important parts of mathematics through problems. The authors tried to put together sequences of problems that allow high school students (and some undergraduates) with strong interest in mathematics to discover such topics in combinatorics as counting, graphs, constructions and invariants in combinatorics, games and algorithms, probabilistic aspects of combinatorics, and combinatorial geometry. Definitions and/or references for material that is not standard in the school curriculum are included. To help students that might be unfamiliar with new material, problems are carefully arranged to provide gradual introduction into each subject. Problems are often accompanied by hints and/or complete solutions. The book is based on classes taught by the authors at different times at the Independent University of Moscow, at a number of Moscow schools and math circles, and at various summer schools. It can be used by high school students and undergraduates, their teachers, and organizers of summer camps and math circles. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, SLMath (formerly MSRI) and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.

Mathematics via Problems

Author : Arkadiy Skopenkov
Publisher : American Mathematical Society, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute
ISBN 13 : 1470448785
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics via Problems by : Arkadiy Skopenkov

Download or read book Mathematics via Problems written by Arkadiy Skopenkov and published by American Mathematical Society, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a translation from Russian of Part I of the book Mathematics Through Problems: From Olympiads and Math Circles to Profession. The other two parts, Geometry and Combinatorics, will be published soon. The main goal of this book is to develop important parts of mathematics through problems. The author tries to put together sequences of problems that allow high school students (and some undergraduates) with strong interest in mathematics to discover and recreate much of elementary mathematics and start edging into the sophisticated world of topics such as group theory, Galois theory, and so on, thus building a bridge (by showing that there is no gap) between standard high school exercises and more intricate and abstract concepts in mathematics. Definitions and/or references for material that is not standard in the school curriculum are included. However, many topics in the book are difficult when you start learning them from scratch. To help with this, problems are carefully arranged to provide gradual introduction into each subject. Problems are often accompanied by hints and/or complete solutions The book is based on classes taught by the author at different times at the Independent University of Moscow, at a number of Moscow schools and math circles, and at various summer schools. It can be used by high school students and undergraduates, their teachers, and organizers of summer camps and math circles. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.

Geometry in Problems

Author : Alexander Shen
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470419211
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Geometry in Problems by : Alexander Shen

Download or read book Geometry in Problems written by Alexander Shen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2016 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical Euclidean geometry, with all its triangles, circles, and inscribed angles, remains an excellent playground for high-school mathematics students, even if it looks outdated from the professional mathematician's viewpoint. It provides an excellent choice of elegant and natural problems that can be used in a course based on problem solving. The book contains more than 750 (mostly) easy but nontrivial problems in all areas of plane geometry and solutions for most of them, as well as additional problems for self-study (some with hints). Each chapter also provides concise reminders of basic notions used in the chapter, so the book is almost self-contained (although a good textbook and competent teacher are always recommended). More than 450 figures illustrate the problems and their solutions. The book can be used by motivated high-school students, as well as their teachers and parents. After solving the problems in the book the student will have mastered the main notions and methods of plane geometry and, hopefully, will have had fun in the process. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession. What a joy! Shen's ``Geometry in Problems'' is a gift to the school teaching world. Beautifully organized by content topic, Shen has collated a vast collection of fresh, innovative, and highly classroom-relevant questions, problems, and challenges sure to enliven the minds and clever thinking of all those studying Euclidean geometry for the first time. This book is a spectacular resource for educators and students alike. Users will not only sharpen their mathematical understanding of specific topics but will also sharpen their problem-solving wits and come to truly own the mathematics explored. Also, Math Circle leaders can draw much inspiration for session ideas from the material presented in this book. --James Tanton, Mathematician-at-Large, Mathematical Association of America We learn mathematics best by doing mathematics. The author of this book recognizes this principle. He invites the reader to participate in learning plane geometry through carefully chosen problems, with brief explanations leading to much activity. The problems in the book are sometimes deep and subtle: almost everyone can do some of them, and almost no one can do all. The reader comes away with a view of geometry refreshed by experience. --Mark Saul, Director of Competitions, Mathematical Association of America

Math Out Loud: An Oral Olympiad Handbook

Author : Steven Klee
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470466937
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Math Out Loud: An Oral Olympiad Handbook by : Steven Klee

Download or read book Math Out Loud: An Oral Olympiad Handbook written by Steven Klee and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Math Hour Olympiads is a non-standard method of training middle- and high-school students interested in mathematics where students spend several hours thinking about a few difficult and unusual problems. When a student solves a problem, the solution is presented orally to a pair of friendly judges. Discussing the solutions with the judges creates a personal and engaging mathematical experience for the students and introduces them to the true nature of mathematical proof and problem solving. This book recounts the authors' experiences from the first ten years of running a Math Hour Olympiad at the University of Washington in Seattle. The major part of the book is devoted to problem sets and detailed solutions, complemented by a practical guide for anyone who would like to organize an oral olympiad for students in their community. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.

A Festival of Mathematics

Author : Alice Peters
Publisher : American Mathematical Society, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute
ISBN 13 : 147045338X
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis A Festival of Mathematics by : Alice Peters

Download or read book A Festival of Mathematics written by Alice Peters and published by American Mathematical Society, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, inspired by the Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival, aims to engage students in mathematical discovery through fun and approachable problems that reveal deeper mathematical ideas. Each chapter starts with a gentle on-ramp, such as a game or puzzle requiring no more than simple arithmetic or intuitive concepts of symmetry. Follow-up problems and activities require intuitive logic and reveal more sophisticated notions of strategy and algorithms. Projects are designed so that progress is more important than any end goal, ensuring that students will learn something significant no matter how far they get. The process of understanding the questions and how they build on one another becomes an exhilarating ride, revealing serious mathematics before the reader is aware of the transition. This book can be used in classrooms, math clubs, after school activities, homeschooling, and parent/student gatherings and is appropriate for students of age 8 to 18, as well as for teachers wanting to hone their skills. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.

Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads

Author : Evan Chen
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470466201
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads by : Evan Chen

Download or read book Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads written by Evan Chen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a challenging problem-solving book in Euclidean geometry, assuming nothing of the reader other than a good deal of courage. Topics covered included cyclic quadrilaterals, power of a point, homothety, triangle centers; along the way the reader will meet such classical gems as the nine-point circle, the Simson line, the symmedian and the mixtilinear incircle, as well as the theorems of Euler, Ceva, Menelaus, and Pascal. Another part is dedicated to the use of complex numbers and barycentric coordinates, granting the reader both a traditional and computational viewpoint of the material. The final part consists of some more advanced topics, such as inversion in the plane, the cross ratio and projective transformations, and the theory of the complete quadrilateral. The exposition is friendly and relaxed, and accompanied by over 300 beautifully drawn figures. The emphasis of this book is placed squarely on the problems. Each chapter contains carefully chosen worked examples, which explain not only the solutions to the problems but also describe in close detail how one would invent the solution to begin with. The text contains a selection of 300 practice problems of varying difficulty from contests around the world, with extensive hints and selected solutions. This book is especially suitable for students preparing for national or international mathematical olympiads or for teachers looking for a text for an honor class.

Open Middle Math

Author : Robert Kaplinsky
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003839886
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Open Middle Math by : Robert Kaplinsky

Download or read book Open Middle Math written by Robert Kaplinsky and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an amazing resource for teachers who are struggling to help students develop both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding.. --Dr. Margaret (Peg) Smith, co-author of5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions Robert Kaplinsky, the co-creator of Open Middle math problems, brings hisnew class of tasks designed to stimulate deeper thinking and lively discussion among middle and high school students in Open Middle Math: Problems That Unlock Student Thinking, Grades 6-12. The problems are characterized by a closed beginning,- meaning all students start with the same initial problem, and a closed end,- meaning there is only one correct or optimal answer. The key is that the middle is open- in the sense that there are multiple ways to approach and ultimately solve the problem. These tasks have proven enormously popular with teachers looking to assess and deepen student understanding, build student stamina, and energize their classrooms. Professional Learning Resource for Teachers: Open Middle Math is an indispensable resource for educators interested in teaching student-centered mathematics in middle and high schools consistent with the national and state standards. Sample Problems at Each Grade: The book demonstrates the Open Middle concept with sample problems ranging from dividing fractions at 6th grade to algebra, trigonometry, and calculus. Teaching Tips for Student-Centered Math Classrooms: Kaplinsky shares guidance on choosing problems, designing your own math problems, and teaching for multiple purposes, including formative assessment, identifying misconceptions, procedural fluency, and conceptual understanding. Adaptable and Accessible Math: The tasks can be solved using various strategies at different levels of sophistication, which means all students can access the problems and participate in the conversation. Open Middle Math will help math teachers transform the 6th -12th grade classroom into an environment focused on problem solving, student dialogue, and critical thinking.

Modern Mathematics

Author : Dirk De Bock
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031111664
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Mathematics by : Dirk De Bock

Download or read book Modern Mathematics written by Dirk De Bock and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-08 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international New Math developments between about 1950 through 1980, are regarded by many mathematics educators and education historians as the most historically important development in curricula of the twentieth century. It attracted the attention of local and international politicians, of teachers, and of parents, and influenced the teaching and learning of mathematics at all levels—kindergarten to college graduate—in many nations. After garnering much initial support it began to attract criticism. But, as Bill Jacob and the late Jerry Becker show in Chapter 17, some of the effects became entrenched. This volume, edited by Professor Dirk De Bock, of Belgium, provides an outstanding overview of the New Math/modern mathematics movement. Chapter authors provide exceptionally high-quality analyses of the rise of the movement, and of subsequent developments, within a range of nations. The first few chapters show how the initial leadership came from mathematicians in European nations and in the United States of America. The background leaders in Europe were Caleb Gattegno and members of a mysterious group of mainly French pure mathematicians, who since the 1930s had published under the name of (a fictitious) “Nicolas Bourbaki.” In the United States, there emerged, during the 1950s various attempts to improve U.S. mathematics curricula and teaching, especially in secondary schools and colleges. This side of the story climaxed in 1957 when the Soviet Union succeeded in launching “Sputnik,” the first satellite. Undoubtedly, this is a landmark publication in education. The foreword was written by Professor Bob Moon, one of a few other scholars to have written on the New Math from an international perspective. The final “epilogue” chapter, by Professor Geert Vanpaemel, a historian, draws together the overall thrust of the volume, and makes links with the general history of curriculum development, especially in science education, including recent globalization trends.

Geometry Revisited

Author : H. S. M. Coxeter
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
ISBN 13 : 1470466414
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Geometry Revisited by : H. S. M. Coxeter

Download or read book Geometry Revisited written by H. S. M. Coxeter and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the many beautiful and nontrivial theorems in geometry found in Geometry Revisited are the theorems of Ceva, Menelaus, Pappus, Desargues, Pascal, and Brianchon. A nice proof is given of Morley's remarkable theorem on angle trisectors. The transformational point of view is emphasized: reflections, rotations, translations, similarities, inversions, and affine and projective transformations. Many fascinating properties of circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, and conics are developed.

Directory of Distance Learning Opportunities

Author : Modoc Press, Inc.
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313017271
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Directory of Distance Learning Opportunities by : Modoc Press, Inc.

Download or read book Directory of Distance Learning Opportunities written by Modoc Press, Inc. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-02-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of current K-12 courses and programs offered in the United States as correspondence study, or via such electronic delivery systems as satellite, cable, or the Internet. The Directory includes over 6,000 courses offered by 154 institutions or distance learning consortium members. Following an introduction that describes existing practices and delivery methods, the Directory offers three indexes: • Subject Index of Courses Offered, by Level • Course Level Index • Geographic Index All information was supplied by the institutions. Entries include current contact information, a description of the institution and the courses offered, grade level and admission information, tuition and fee information, enrollment periods, delivery information, equipment requirements, credit and grading information, library services, and accreditation.

A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle

Author : Zvezdelina Stankova
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821846833
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle by : Zvezdelina Stankova

Download or read book A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle written by Zvezdelina Stankova and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many mathematicians have been drawn to mathematics through their experience with math circles: extracurricular programs exposing teenage students to advanced mathematical topics and a myriad of problem solving techniques and inspiring in them a lifelong love for mathematics. Founded in 1998, the Berkeley Math Circle (BMC) is a pioneering model of a U.S. math circle, aspiring to prepare our best young minds for their future roles as mathematics leaders. Over the last decade, 50 instructors--from university professors to high school teachers to business tycoons--have shared their passion for mathematics by delivering more than 320 BMC sessions full of mathematical challenges and wonders. Based on a dozen of these sessions, this book encompasses a wide variety of enticing mathematical topics: from inversion in the plane to circle geometry; from combinatorics to Rubik's cube and abstract algebra; from number theory to mass point theory; from complex numbers to game theory via invariants and monovariants. The treatments of these subjects encompass every significant method of proof and emphasize ways of thinking and reasoning via 100 problem solving techniques. Also featured are 300 problems, ranging from beginner to intermediate level, with occasional peaks of advanced problems and even some open questions. The book presents possible paths to studying mathematics and inevitably falling in love with it, via teaching two important skills: thinking creatively while still ``obeying the rules,'' and making connections between problems, ideas, and theories. The book encourages you to apply the newly acquired knowledge to problems and guides you along the way, but rarely gives you ready answers. ``Learning from our own mistakes'' often occurs through discussions of non-proofs and common problem solving pitfalls. The reader has to commit to mastering the new theories and techniques by ``getting your hands dirty'' with the problems, going back and reviewing necessary problem solving techniques and theory, and persistently moving forward in the book. The mathematical world is huge: you'll never know everything, but you'll learn where to find things, how to connect and use them. The rewards will be substantial. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.

GMAT Algebra Strategy Guide

Author : Manhattan Prep
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1941234216
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (412 download)

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Book Synopsis GMAT Algebra Strategy Guide by : Manhattan Prep

Download or read book GMAT Algebra Strategy Guide written by Manhattan Prep and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide covers algebra in all its various forms (and disguises) on the GMAT, helping you master both fundamental techniques and nuanced strategies for solving algebraic problems. Unlike other guides that attempt to convey everything in a single tome, the Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide is designed to provide deep, focused coverage of one specialized area tested on the GMAT. As a result, students benefit from thorough and comprehensive subject material, clear explanations of fundamental principles, and step-by-step instructions of important techniques. In-action practice problems and detailed answer explanations challenge the student, while topical sets of Official Guide problems provide the opportunity for further growth. Used by itself or with other Manhattan Prep Strategy Guides, the Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide will help students develop all the knowledge, skills, and strategic thinking necessary for success on the GMAT. Purchase of this book includes six months of access to Manhattan Prep’s Algebra Question Bank. All of Manhattan Prep's GMAT Strategy Guides are aligned with the GMAC Official Guide, 2016 edition.

Geometry: The Line and the Circle

Author : Maureen T. Carroll
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470448432
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Geometry: The Line and the Circle by : Maureen T. Carroll

Download or read book Geometry: The Line and the Circle written by Maureen T. Carroll and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geometry: The Line and the Circle is an undergraduate text with a strong narrative that is written at the appropriate level of rigor for an upper-level survey or axiomatic course in geometry. Starting with Euclid's Elements, the book connects topics in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry in an intentional and meaningful way, with historical context. The line and the circle are the principal characters driving the narrative. In every geometry considered—which include spherical, hyperbolic, and taxicab, as well as finite affine and projective geometries—these two objects are analyzed and highlighted. Along the way, the reader contemplates fundamental questions such as: What is a straight line? What does parallel mean? What is distance? What is area? There is a strong focus on axiomatic structures throughout the text. While Euclid is a constant inspiration and the Elements is repeatedly revisited with substantial coverage of Books I, II, III, IV, and VI, non-Euclidean geometries are introduced very early to give the reader perspective on questions of axiomatics. Rounding out the thorough coverage of axiomatics are concluding chapters on transformations and constructibility. The book is compulsively readable with great attention paid to the historical narrative and hundreds of attractive problems.

The Four Pillars of Geometry

Author : John Stillwell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387255303
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis The Four Pillars of Geometry by : John Stillwell

Download or read book The Four Pillars of Geometry written by John Stillwell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is unique in that it looks at geometry from 4 different viewpoints - Euclid-style axioms, linear algebra, projective geometry, and groups and their invariants Approach makes the subject accessible to readers of all mathematical tastes, from the visual to the algebraic Abundantly supplemented with figures and exercises

Geometry

Author : G. D. Chakerian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780895824301
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Geometry by : G. D. Chakerian

Download or read book Geometry written by G. D. Chakerian and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

All the Mathematics You Missed

Author : Thomas A. Garrity
Publisher : 清华大学出版社有限公司
ISBN 13 : 9787302090854
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis All the Mathematics You Missed by : Thomas A. Garrity

Download or read book All the Mathematics You Missed written by Thomas A. Garrity and published by 清华大学出版社有限公司. This book was released on 2004 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Moscow Math Circle

Author : Sergey Dorichenko
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821868748
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis A Moscow Math Circle by : Sergey Dorichenko

Download or read book A Moscow Math Circle written by Sergey Dorichenko and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2011-12-29 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moscow has a rich tradition of successful math circles, to the extent that many other circles are modeled on them. This book presents materials used during the course of one year in a math circle organized by mathematics faculty at Moscow State University, and also used at the mathematics magnet school known as Moscow School Number 57. Each problem set has a similar structure: it combines review material with a new topic, offering problems in a range of difficulty levels. This time-tested pattern has proved its effectiveness in engaging all students and helping them master new material while building on earlier knowledge. The introduction describes in detail how the math circles at Moscow State University are run. Dorichenko describes how the early sessions differ from later sessions, how to choose problems, and what sorts of difficulties may arise when running a circle. The book also includes a selection of problems used in the competition known as the Mathematical Maze, a mathematical story based on actual lessons with students, and an addendum on the San Jose Mathematical Circle, which is run in the Russian style. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.