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Materials Manufacturing And Measurement For Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors
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Author :Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :282 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Materials, Manufacturing, and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by : Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
Download or read book Materials, Manufacturing, and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1997 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry by :
Download or read book 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometry, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1 [mu]rad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1 m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6 [mu]rad rms. This value is comparable to that of a conventional LTP. The measurement accuracy was mostly affected by environmental perturbations and system calibration effects. With a fully automated and improved system (to be built in the near future), we expect to achieve measurement sensitivity on the order of 0.0 [mu]rad rms or better. In this paper, after a brief review of basic principles and general technical difficulties and challenges of the stitching technique, a detailed description of the measurement setup is given and preliminary results obtained with it are analyzed and discussed.
Book Synopsis Metrology of Reflection Optics for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book Metrology of Reflection Optics for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an almost explosive growth in the number of beam lines on new and existing synchrotron radiation facilities throughout the world. The need for optical components to utilize the unique characteristics of synchrotron radiation has increased accordingly. Unfortunately, the technology to manufacture and measure the large, smooth, exotic optical surfaces required to focus and steer the synchrotron radiation beam has not progressed as rapidly as the operational demands on these components. Most companies do not wish to become involved with a project that requires producing a single, very expensive, aspheric optic with surface roughness and figure tolerances that are beyond their capabilities to measure. This paper will review some of the experiences of the National Synchrotron Light Source in procuring grazing incidence optical components over the past several years. We will review the specification process - how it is related to the function of the optic, and how it relates to the metrology available during the manufacturing process and after delivery to the user's laboratory. We will also discuss practical aspects of our experience with new technologies, such as single point diamond turning of metal mirrors and the use of SiC as a mirror material. Recent advances in metrology instrumentation have the potential to move the measurement of surface figure and finish from the research laboratory into the optical shop, which should stimulate growth and interest in the manufacturing of optics to meet the needs of the synchrotron radiation user community.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation and Precision Mirror Metrology with a Long Trace Profiler by :
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation and Precision Mirror Metrology with a Long Trace Profiler written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Long Trace Profiler (LTP) is in use at several synchrotron radiation (SR) laboratories throughout the world and by a number of manufacturers who specialize in making grazing incidence mirrors for SR customers. Recent improvements in the design and operation of the LTP system have reduced the slope profile error bar to the level of 0.3 microradians RMS over measurement lengths of 0.5 meter. This corresponds to a height error bar on the order of 20 nanometers. This level of performance allows one to measure with confidence the shape of large cylinders and spheres that have kilometer radii of curvature in the axial direction. The LTP is versatile enough to make measurements of a mirror in the face up, sideways, and face down configurations. The authors will illustrate the versatility of the current version of the instrument, the LTP II, and present results from two new versions of the instrument: the in-situ LTP (ISLTP) and the Vertical Scan LTP (VSLTP). Both of them are based on the penta-prism LTP (ppLTP) principle with a stationary optical head and moving penta-prism. The ISLTP is designed to measure the distortion of high heat load mirrors during actual operation in SR beam lines. The VSLTP is designed to measure the complete 3-dimensional shape of x-ray telescope cylinder mirrors and mandrels in a vertical configuration. Scans are done both in the axial direction and in the azimuthal direction.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science by : Chunhai Fan
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science written by Chunhai Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the long-felt need for in-depth information on one of the most advanced material characterization methods, a top team of editors and authors from highly prestigious facilities and institutions covers a range of synchrotron techniques that have proven useful for materials research. Following an introduction to synchrotron radiation and its sources, the second part goes on to describe the various techniques that benefit from this especially bright light, including X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering, imaging, and lithography. The thrid and final part provides an overview of the applications of synchrotron radiation in materials science. bridging the gap between specialists in synchrotron research and material scientists, this is a unique and indispensable resource for academic and industrial researchers alike.
Book Synopsis High-precision EUV and X-ray Optics for Advanced Photon Source Facilities by : Qiushi Huang
Download or read book High-precision EUV and X-ray Optics for Advanced Photon Source Facilities written by Qiushi Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology by : R. Sweet
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology written by R. Sweet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a research tool was driven largely by the needs of materials scientists and solid-state physi cists. However, the availability of SR has extended significantly the capa bility of scientists who study biological structure with radiation. This volume contains some of the results reported at a symposium held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in May 1988 to discuss the application of synchrotron radiation to structural biology. We are grateful for financial support from the u. s. Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health, Genentech, Inc., Blake Indus tries, Inc., Evans and Sutherland Co., The Upjohn Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Enraf-Nonius Service Corp., and Associated Universities, Inc. We warmly thank Ms. Nancy Siemon for her tireless efforts with correspondence and the manuscripts for this symposium volume. Symposium Committee: Robert M. Sweet, Chair Malcolm S. Capel Benno P. Schoenborn John C. Sutherland Elizabeth C. Theil Stephen W. White Avril D. Woodhead Helen Z. Kondratuk, Coordinator v CONTENTS An Introduction to the Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R. M. Sweet SYMPOSIUM LECTURE Developments in X-ray Technology and Their Contribution to Structural Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 H. E. Huxley SOME OF THE SYNCHROTRON FACILITIES FOR BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES MacChess - A Macromolecular Diffraction Resource at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 W. Schi1dkamp, K. Moffat, B. Batterman, D. Bilderback, T-Y. Teng, A. LeGrand and D. Szebenyi Facilities Available for Biophysics Research at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 R. P."
Book Synopsis Use of Diamond-turned Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation (SR). by :
Download or read book Use of Diamond-turned Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation (SR). written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diamond turning technique has great interest for users of synchrotron radiation because of its ability to produce surfaces of arbitrary shape. It also has the advantage of being well adapted to producing metal optics. These are of interest because they lend themselves to water cooling and hence represent one approach to the problem of high synchrotron radiation power loadings on optical surfaces. The optical figure produced by diamond turning is generally adequate for synchrotron radiation applications. The main difficulty centers around the question of smoothness. Diamond turned surfaces must receive a final polish after machining before they are sufficiently smooth for use with ultra-violet or x-ray radiation. The manufacturing stages can be carried out by various groups in the optics industry and the National Synchrotron Light Source has procured a considerable number of mirrors and is having them polished for use on the vuv storage ring. At the time of writing one mirror has been completed and evaluated and we give the results for this and discuss the indications for the future. The important measurement of the r.m.s. height of the surface roughness has given a value of 3 +- 0.9A using total integrated scatter of visible light at normal incidence.
Book Synopsis Thermal Loading Considerations for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Thermal Loading Considerations for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing incidence mirrors used to focus synchrotron radiation beams through small distant apertures have severe optical requirements. The surface distortion due to heat loading of the first mirror in a bending magnet beam line is of particular concern when a large fraction of the incident beam is absorbed. In this paper we discuss mirror design considerations involved in minimizing the thermal/mechanical loading on vertically deflecting first surface mirrors required for SPEAR synchrotron radiation beam lines. Topics include selection of mirror material and cooling method, the choice of SiC for the substrate, optimization of the thickness, and the design of the mirror holder and cooling mechanism. Results obtained using two-dimensional, finite-element thermal/mechanical distortion analysis are presented for the case of a 6° grazing incidence SiC mirror absorbing up to 260 W at Beam Line VIII on the SPEAR ring. Test descriptions and results are given for the material used to thermally couple this SiC mirror to a water-cooled block. The interface material is limited to applications for which the equivalent normal heat load is less than 20 W/cm2.
Book Synopsis Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences by : T.A. Ezquerra
Download or read book Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences written by T.A. Ezquerra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a ?rst approximation, certainly rough, one can de?ne as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we canincludedisorderedsolids,softcondensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those de?ned by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple ?uid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex ?uid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may de?ne the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering anddiffractionphenomenaexhibitedbynon-crystallinematerialshavebeenreferred to as non-crystalline diffraction.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science by : Rogério Magalhaes-Paniago
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science written by Rogério Magalhaes-Paniago and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2009-02-25 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference brings together leading edge researchers from around the world and is a celebration of the increasingly important relationship between materials science and synchrotron radiation research. Special attention was given to the contribution that Synchrotron Radiation techniques have given to unsolved problems in Materials Science. The main organizer of SRMS-6 was the Brazilian Synchrotron Laboratory, with support from several Brazilian and Latin-American Agencies and Universities. The main topical areas of this conference series are, Archaeological Materials, Catalysts and clusters, Complex oxides, Data-storage and Engineering materials, Films, Surfaces and Interfaces, Geo-physical and Electronic materials, Glasses and Ceramics, Liquids, Magnetism, Materials under Extreme conditions (high pressure, etc.), Metals and Alloys, Metamaterials, Molecular electronics, Multiferroics, Nanostructured materials and Self-assembly, Polymers and Biomaterials, Photo materials, Nanofocus techniques, Strongly correlated materials, Superconducting materials, Industrial use of SR, Instrumentation/Recent Developments.
Book Synopsis Development of Metrology Instruments for Grazing Incidence Mirrors by :
Download or read book Development of Metrology Instruments for Grazing Incidence Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective utilization of synchrotron radiation (SR) from high-brightness sources requires the use of optical components with very smooth surfaces and extremely precise shapes. Most manufacturers are not capable of measuring the figure and finish quality of the aspheric optics required for use in grazing incidence beam lines. Over the past several years we have developed measurement techniques and metrology instrumentation that have allowed us to measure the surface profile and roughness of large cylinder optics, up to one meter in length. Based on our measurements and feedback, manufacturers have been able to advance the state-of-the-art in mirror fabrication and are now able to produce acceptable components. Our analysis techniques enable designers to write meaningful specifications and predict the performance of real surfaces in their particular beamline configurations. Commercial instruments are now available for measuring surface microroughness with spatial periods smaller than about one millimeter. No commercial instruments are available for measuring the surface figure on cylindrical aspheres over long spatial periods, from one millimeter up to one meter. For that reason we developed a Long Trace Profiler (LTP) that measures surface profile over the long period range in a non-contact manner to extremely high accuracy. Examples of measured surfaces and data analysis techniques will be discussed, and limitations on the quality of optical surfaces related to intrinsic material properties will also be discussed. 15 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis VUV and soft x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation by : Victor Rehn
Download or read book VUV and soft x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation written by Victor Rehn and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Novel Non-contact Profiler Design for Measuring Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book A Novel Non-contact Profiler Design for Measuring Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel optical profiler is described in this paper for measurement of surface profiles of synchrotron radiation (SR) mirrors. The measurement is based on a combination of an optical heterodyne technique and a precise phase measurement procedure without a reference surface. A Zeeman two-frequency He-Ne laser is employed as the light source. The common-path optical system, which uses a birefringent lens as the beam splitter, minimizes the effects of air turbulence, sample vibration and temperature variation. A special autofocus system allows the profiler to measure the roughness and shape of a sample surface. The optical system is mounted on a large linear air-bearing slide, and is capable of scanning over distances covering the spatial period range from several microns to nearly one meter with a high measurement accuracy. 9 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron-radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron-radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to conventional mirror materials exposed to the harsh synchrotron radiation (SR) environment has prompted the SR user community to search for more suitable materials. Next-generation insertion devices, with their attendant flux increases, will make the problem of mirror design even more difficult. A parallel effort in searching for better materials has been underway within the laser community for several years. The technology for dealing with high thermal loads is highly developed among laser manufacturers. Performance requirements for laser heat exchangers are remarkably similar to SR mirror requirements. We report on the application of laser heat exchanger technology to the solution of typical SR mirror design problems. The superior performance of silicon carbide for laser applications is illustrated by various material trades studies, and its superior performance for SR applications is illustrated by means of model calculations.
Download or read book Optical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes papers reporting on research and development in optical science and engineering and the practical applications of known optical science, engineering, and technology.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume V: Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron Optics by : Michael Bass
Download or read book Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume V: Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron Optics written by Michael Bass and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2009-11-13 with total page 1293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds. Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications. Volume V covers atmospheric optics, modulators, fiber optics, and x-ray and neutron optics.
