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Massive Ice In Granular Deposits Study
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Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by : Wayne H. Pollard
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by Wayne H. Pollard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The enigmatic occurrence of massive ice in coarse-grained sediments is significant for two reasons, first from the scientific perspective the analysis of its origin and stratigraphic characteristics will provide insight into a poorly understood aspect of: permafrost hydrology, ground ice and permafrost geomorphology. And second, from the engineering and environmental management perspectives, since these deposits constitute valuable granular resources the cost and difficulty of their development will increase enormously when ground ice is present. The points are particularly applicable to the development of granular resources in the Mackenzie Delta region and communities. The presence of massive ice in granular deposits can be problematic, in terms of both terrain instability (thermokarst due to both natural and anthropogenic causes) and the over estimation of granular inventories. After successful field investigation and reconnaissance in March 2003, including the opportunity to examine and sample massive ice and enclosing sediments at the YaYa site (see Field Report), we now have a better sense about the nature of the problem and are in a better situation to define both short and long-term research goals. ... The over arching goal of this research is to determine the nature, origin, extent and significance of ground ice on coarse-grained (non frost susceptible) deposits. To pursue this goal we plan to test the following hypotheses: "Perennially frozen coarse grained deposits contain significant amounts of ground ice including massive ice." "The high ice content of coarse grained sediments in the western Canadian Arctic represents a serious problem for the development of granular resources." "Massive ice distribution in granular deposits can be mapped using standard geophysical." To test these hypotheses and achieve our general goal we will address the following questions: 1. What is the nature and distribution of ground ice in fluvial glacial deposits in the western Canadian Arctic? 2. What is the origin and age of massive ice in fluvial glacial deposits in the Western Canadian Arctic? 3. How extensive is the massive ice in these deposits? 4. What proportion of the ground ice is massive and what are the excess ice contents? 5. How sensitive are these ice bodies to either natural or anthropogenic disturbance? 6. Can these ice bodies be accurately mapped using standard geophysical methods? 7. Is any one geophysical method more useful than the others to map massive ice distribution? 8. What is the potential economic significance of massive ice in the development of granular resources? The specific goals of this research can be subdivided into short and long-term goals. ... [These are presented along with information on research design, laboratory analyses, planned fieldwork, long-term activities involving the development of a GIS and the proposed budget for the Massive Ice in Granular Resources Project.] (Au) -- ASTIS [online] bibliography.
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by :
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by :
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by : Wayne H. Pollard
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by Wayne H. Pollard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by :
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by : Wayne H. Pollard
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by Wayne H. Pollard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field investigations were undertaken focusing on the nature and distribution of massive ice in granular deposits in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula during March 2005. This is part of an ongoing study by members of the Department of Geography, McGill University conducted under FA #176. This report presents the initial results from this fieldwork. Several issues pertain to the occurrence of massive ice in granular deposits, including environmental questions related to disturbance, climate change and granular resource inventories. For example, with warming of climate imminent in Polar regions (ACIA 2004), it is likely that large regions of permafrost will undergo excessive melting. Since the occurrence of massive ice in coarse-grained sediments is poorly understood and ice distribution largely unknown (Gowan and Dallimore 1992) the potential impact of warming on ice-rich granular deposits could be significant. Furthermore, with increasing development in the circumarctic region, large bodies of massive ice in granular deposits will be exposed to anthropogenic disturbances. The current uncertainty in global energy resources has increased demand for hydrocarbon resources including previously uneconomic deposits in the Arctic. In the Western Canadian Arctic granular resources were developed in support of oil exploration in the 1970's have experienced widespread thermokarst causing concern for future gravel extraction (Fig 1)-- ASTIS (online) bibliography.
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by :
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes activities from 2004-2005 research on massive ice in granular deposits in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands. The purpose of this report is to present results of fieldwork, and lab analysis, outreach activities over the past year. As the third year of this study we are at a stage where cumulative results allow us to be more technical in our interpretations. However, many of the conclusions presented in this report are based on the field research conducted over the entire research program -- ASTIS (online) bibliography.
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by : Wayne H. Pollard
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by Wayne H. Pollard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several issues pertain to the occurrence of massive ice in granular deposits, including environmental questions related to disturbance, climate change and granular resource inventories. For example, with warming of climate imminent in Polar regions it is likely that large regions of permafrost will undergo excessive melting (ACIA 2004). Since the occurrence of massive ice in coarse-grained sediments is poorly understood and its distribution largely unknown (Gowan and Dallimore 1992), the potential impact of warming on ice-rich granular deposits could be significant. Furthermore, with increasing development in the circumarctic region, areas underlain by massive ice, particularly targeted for granular extraction will be subject to significant disturbance. The current uncertainty in global energy supply resources has increased demand for hydrocarbon resources from previously uneconomic deposits in the Arctic. In the western Canadian Arctic many granular deposits that were developed in support of oil exploration in the 1970's have experienced widespread thermokarst raising concerns about future gravel extraction. Field investigations were conducted focusing on the nature and distribution of massive ice in granular deposits in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands during March 2006. This is part of an ongoing study by members of the Department of Geography, McGill University conducted under FA #268 begun in 2003. This report presents the results from 2005-2006 research activities. Our field program focused on kame and fluvial glacial sites in the Tuktoyaktuk coastlands area identified as either potential granular resource sites or where ice-rich coarse-grained deposits are known to occur (EBA 1987, Rampton 1988, Gowan and Dallimore 1992). Richards Island forms part of the Pleistocene Mackenzie Delta and consists of undulating tundra terrain, usually less than 50 m.a.s.l. It is situated along the western arctic coast within continuous permafrost whose thicknessoften exceeds 400m (Mackay 1963). Mean annual air temperature is roughly -11°C (Environment Canada) while ground temperatures generally range from -7 to -10°C (Mackay 1998). Ice wedge polygons are ubiquitous and the numerous pingos, tundra ponds and retrogressive thaw slumps are a constant reminder of the dynamic role permafrost plays in this part of the Mackenzie Delta (Mackay 1979, 1998). The Mackenzie Delta region is widely recognized as one of the most ice-rich permafrost regions in the Arctic (Mackay 1963, 1972). The volume of ground ice present in the upper 10 m of the Island has been estimated to be 10.27 km3 (Pollard and French 1980). In some cases the stratigraphic setting and origin of the ground ice reflects a complex history of permafrost aggradation and glacial activity (Murton et al, 2004, 2005). The climate records for Tuktoyaktuk show no appreciable trend in summer climate between 1960 and 1999, however winter and mean daily temperatures showed an increase between 1960 and 1980 (Mackay 1999). The ice-rich nature of permafrost in this region together with anticipated climate warming is a major concern for this region. Furthermore, proposed pipeline development on Richards Island associated with the Mackenzie Gas Project makes the need for information about ground ice distribution a high priority. The following report will be divided into two parts, the first focusing on fieldwork and the second focusing on GIS work -- ASTIS (online) bibliography.
Book Synopsis Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study by : Wayne H. Pollard
Download or read book Massive Ice in Granular Deposits Study written by Wayne H. Pollard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantification of ground ice volumes within coarse-grained sediment deposits is essential for predicting potential geomorphic responses to climate change and for modifying current estimates of granular resources amounts available for extraction. Since 2002-2003, a study integrating the use of complementary geophysical techniques for ground ice detection within granular resource sites in the Western Arctic has been conducted to assess the challenges outlined above. A comprehensive review of the theory underlying the application of geophysical methods for ground ice detection in permafrost environments was presented (Section 2). While each has demonstrated success in various prior studies, two such methods - ground penetrating radar (GPR) and capacitive coupled resistivity (CCR) - were selected for field investigation in granular deposits in the Mackenzie Delta region. Research activities consisted of geophysical surveys using CCR and GPR at numerous granular resource sites (Section 3). CCR surveys using the OhmMapper instrument were shown to be extremely successful at detecting and mapping ground ice deposits (or lack thereof, in some cases), while the GPR was used effectively to map subsurface stratigraphy. The complementary nature of these tools was readily apparent, with strong reflectors detected by the GPR being spatially coincident with abrupt changes in resistivity values, indicating a distinct change in substrate material (generally a sediment-ice contact). Results from these studies are being incorporated into the INAC database. Various recommendations were made regarding the use of multiple geophysical tools for ground ice detection (Section 4.1, 4.2); in most cases, the combination of CCR and GPR is ideal. The complementary nature of the two data types lend themselves to a possible numerical amalgamation, with efforts ongoing to this end (Section 4.3). Finally, the susceptibility of ice-rich granular resource sites to a warming climate was discussed,with general site development guidelines being forwarded (Section 4.4). With 2006-2007 considered a 'wrap-up' year for the long-term study, the activities described in the preceding sections have been designed to summarize previous findings and make the collected and interpreted data available to a wider audience. To conclude, this report has been written to satisfy the last of the project deliverables for INAC Comprehensive Funding Arrangement #441 Amendment #1 -- ASTIS (online) bibliography.
Book Synopsis Glaciological Data by : World Data Center A for Glaciology
Download or read book Glaciological Data written by World Data Center A for Glaciology and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Greenland Ice Cap Research Program by : United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Download or read book Greenland Ice Cap Research Program written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments by : David J. A. Evans
Download or read book A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments written by David J. A. Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediments are the most valuable form of physical evidence for past Earth surface processes. They have the potential to build up an archive of events and provide a window into the past. Through careful examination of sediments the shifting patterns of surface processes across space and time are revealed, allowing us to reconstruct past environments and environmental change. A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments is a guide to the standard techniques employed to read the sedimentary record of former glaciers and ice sheets. It demonstrates that the often complex and fragmentary glacial sedimentary record can, when examined systematically and rationally, provide detailed insights into former environments and climates in places where no other evidence is available. The complementary techniques covered in this book include: facies description, grain size analysis, clast form assessment, clast macrofabric analysis, micromorphology, particle lithology and assessment of engineering properties. They yield consistent and meaningful results in a range of glacial depositional environments throughout the world, from the high Arctic to the Himalayas. A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments provides students and researchers with a clear and accessible guide to recording and interpreting glacial successions wherever the location.
Book Synopsis Permafrost Bibliography Update, 1988-1992 by :
Download or read book Permafrost Bibliography Update, 1988-1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Current Research - Geological Survey of Canada by : Geological Survey of Canada
Download or read book Current Research - Geological Survey of Canada written by Geological Survey of Canada and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2508 by :
Download or read book Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2508 written by and published by Natural Resources Canada. This book was released on with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1302 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (359 download)
Book Synopsis Administration of the National Environmental Policy Act by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation
Download or read book Administration of the National Environmental Policy Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1668 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Hearings by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries
Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
