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Markets Human Capital And Inequality
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Book Synopsis MARKETS, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND INEQUALITY by : DWAYNE BENJAMIN, LOREN BRANDT, PAUL GLEWWE, AND GUO LI
Download or read book MARKETS, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND INEQUALITY written by DWAYNE BENJAMIN, LOREN BRANDT, PAUL GLEWWE, AND GUO LI and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Capital Policy by : David Neumark
Download or read book Human Capital Policy written by David Neumark and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book evaluates international human capital policies, offering a comparative perspective on global efforts to generate new ideas and novel ways of thinking about human capital. Examining educational reforms, quality of education and links between education and socio-economic environments, chapters contrast Western experiences and perspectives with those of industrializing economies in Asia, focusing particularly on Korea and the USA.
Book Synopsis Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality by : Fatih Guvenen
Download or read book Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality written by Fatih Guvenen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wage inequality has been significantly higher in the United States than in continental European countries (CEU) since the 1970s. Moreover, this inequality gap has further widened during this period as the US has experienced a large increase in wage inequality, whereas the CEU has seen only modest changes. This paper studies the role of labor income tax policies for understanding these facts, focusing on male workers. We construct a life cycle model in which individuals decide each period whether to go to school, work, or stay non-employed. Individuals can accumulate skills either in school or while working. Wage inequality arises from differences across individuals in their ability to learn new skills as well as from idiosyncratic shocks. Progressive taxation compresses the (after-tax) wage structure, thereby distorting the incentives to accumulate human capital, in turn reducing the cross-sectional dispersion of (before-tax) wages. Consistent with the model, we empirically document that countries with more progressive labor income tax schedules have (i) significantly lower before-tax wage inequality at different points in time and (ii) experienced a smaller rise in wage inequality since the early 1980s. We then study the calibrated model and find that these policies can account for half of the difference between the US and the CEU in overall wage inequality and 84% of the difference in inequality at the upper end (log 90-50 differential). In a two-country comparison between the US and Germany, the combination of skill-biased technical change and changing progressivity of tax schedules explains all the difference between the evolution of inequality in these two countries since the early 1980s.
Book Synopsis Markets, Human Capital, and Inequality by : Dwayne Benjamin
Download or read book Markets, Human Capital, and Inequality written by Dwayne Benjamin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Changes in Population, Inequality and Human Capital Formation in the Americas in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries by : Enriqueta Camps-Cura
Download or read book Changes in Population, Inequality and Human Capital Formation in the Americas in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries written by Enriqueta Camps-Cura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of inequality and its causes are of crucial importance to all scholars working in the social sciences. By focusing on the divergent development of North America and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Camps-Cura offers a comparative perspective of the relationship between human capital expansion and inequality in the long run. The book also explores the variables of education and inequality on children, work and gender.
Book Synopsis Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality by : Fatih Guvenen
Download or read book Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality written by Fatih Guvenen and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wage inequality has been significantly higher in the U.S. than in continental European countries since the 1970s. This report studies the role of labor income tax policies (LITP) for understanding these facts. Countries with more progressive LITP have significantly lower before-tax wage inequality at different points in time. Progressivity is also negatively correlated with the rise in wage inequality during this period. Wage inequality arises from differences across individuals in their ability to learn new skills as well as from idiosyncratic shocks. Progressive taxation compresses the (after-tax) wage structure, thereby distorting the incentives to accumulate human capital, in turn reducing the cross-sectional dispersion of (before-tax) wages. Illustrations. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Education by : Daniele Checchi
Download or read book The Economics of Education written by Daniele Checchi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an important contribution to educational policy, Daniele Checchi offers an economic perspective on the demand and supply of education. He explores the reasons why, beyond a certain point, investment in education has not resulted in reductions in social inequalities. Starting with the seminal work of Gary Becker, Checchi provides an extensive survey of the literature on human capital and social capital formation. He draws on individual data on intergenerational transmission of income and education for the USA, Germany and Italy, as well as aggregate data on income and educational inequality for a much wider range of countries. Checchi explores whether resources spent in education are effective in raising students' achievement, as well as analysing alternative ways of financing education. The Economics of Education thus provides the analytical tools necessary to understand the complex relationships between current income inequality, access to education and future inequality.
Book Synopsis From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation by : Oded Galor
Download or read book From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation written by Oded Galor and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inequality of Opportunity, Inequality of Income and Economic Growth by : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
Download or read book Inequality of Opportunity, Inequality of Income and Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.
Book Synopsis Markets, Human Capital and Income Inequality in Rural China by : Loren Brandt
Download or read book Markets, Human Capital and Income Inequality in Rural China written by Loren Brandt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of the household responsibility system in the early 1980s and market liberalizing reforms are generally credited with the rapid growth enjoyed by China's rural sector. This growth has not been without some cost however. Over the last two decades, inequality appears to have increased appreciably in the countryside. Estimates suggest that the inequality as measured by the Gini has increased from less than 0.20 to 0.35 over this period. Much of the focus in the literature has been on the role of growing regional disparities in rural incomes caused by differential rates of growth in the TVE sector. Much less attention has been given to emerging differences within localities, and its contribution to overall inequality during transition. Recent calculations (Benjamin and Brandt, AEA Proceedings, 1999) suggest, however, that nearly three-quarters of the inequality in the rural sector are the product of intra- (as opposed to inter-) village differences in income. Our objective in this paper is to examine the emerging inter-household income differentials at the village level. In light of the growing market development in the countryside and the relaxation of restrictions on mobility, we want to analyze how emerging markets and institutions have interacted with household endowments and demographic processes to affect the distribution of income at this level. We are especially interested in the effect that human capital accumulation and differences in the rate of return to human capital across localities have had on intra-local inequality. We are also interested in the "indirect" effect that market development and growth has had on inequality through its effect on household organization. Over the last fifteen years, we observe a marked increase in the percentage of nuclear households, and a tendency for kids to live on their own once they become adults. To address these questions, we draw on two unique data sets. The first is a detailed household level data set that was collected by two of the authors in collaboration with Chinese colleagues in Hebei and Liaoning provinces in 1995. Altogether, 780 households in 30 villages in six counties in two provinces were surveyed. We also draw on for comparison household level data collected as part of the CHNS (Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey). These data extend to over 4000 households in 6 provinces, and have the added feature of being in the form of a panel (1989, 1991, 1993). This paper will contribute to our knowledge of inequality in rural China and to the impact of economic transition on inequality more generally.
Download or read book Human Capital written by Gary S. Becker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Capital is Becker's classic study of how investment in an individual's education and training is similar to business investments in equipment. Recipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Economic Science, Gary S. Becker is a pioneer of applying economic analysis to human behavior in such areas as discrimination, marriage, family relations, and education. Becker's research on human capital was considered by the Nobel committee to be his most noteworthy contribution to economics. This expanded edition includes four new chapters, covering recent ideas about human capital, fertility and economic growth, the division of labor, economic considerations within the family, and inequality in earnings. "Critics have charged that Mr. Becker's style of thinking reduces humans to economic entities. Nothing could be further from the truth. Mr. Becker gives people credit for having the power to reason and seek out their own best destiny."—Wall Street Journal
Book Synopsis Human Capital and Gender Inequality in Middle-income Countries by : Elizabeth M. King
Download or read book Human Capital and Gender Inequality in Middle-income Countries written by Elizabeth M. King and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The role of cognitive and socioemotional skills alongside education in determining people's success in the labour market has been the topic of a growing body of research-but previous studies have mostly missed middle-income countries and the developing world because measures of those skills and data on employment and earnings on large enough samples of adults have typically not been available. Using comparable survey data on these schooling, skills, and labour market outcomes from 13 developing and emerging economies worldwide, this book revisits human capital and gender inequality models. It presents new estimates of the returns to different levels of schooling as well as the cognitive and socioemotional skills for women and men. It examines whether those returns are due to levels of human capital or to structural bias in labour markets, and how these two factors work across the earnings spectrum. The book examines the existence of "glass ceilings" and "sticky floors" for women using this expanded measure of human capital. Further, by analyzing a group of countries of wide-ranging levels of economic development and sociopolitical contexts, the book reveals patterns and insights into how context mediates the relationship between skills and gender gaps in labour market outcomes. This book will be of interest to scholars of human capital, gender inequality in the labour market and development economics, as well as, gender and development policy makers"--
Book Synopsis ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND GROWTH A new look through Human Capital as you designed and shown by : DR SANTANU RAY CHAUDHURI
Download or read book ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND GROWTH A new look through Human Capital as you designed and shown written by DR SANTANU RAY CHAUDHURI and published by Blue Rose Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tries to portray the link between economic inequality and long-run growth via human capital and the major take of the book is to analyze the growth panorama through the lens of the ‘idea’ or ‘knowledge’ generation’ which is eventually considered as the ‘engine of growth’ being fueled by productivity enhancement through the innovations of new technologies. But this is not the end of the story as it involves enormous controversies. Simply the controversy started with the basic question --- why are some countries richer than other countries? To put it in another way, why growth is a miracle, why it is not driven homogeneously for economies, or whether the economies would converge or not? Another issue is predominantly crucial, that is, economic inequality in the process of economic expansion. In this context, the present book has given emphasis in explaining the selective growth theories starting from classical foundation to new growth theories including their inner implications in the passage of history of economic growth. In consequence, the vast landscape of theoretical contours about political philosophies and model analyses of economic growth including diverse generic versions of the said link between economic expansion and distribution are explained, and, the most important feature of the textbook is that the link is explored by focusing on a single factor, human capital. The prime emphasis of the present textbook is to look at the link between growth, inequality and human capital accumulation and their resultant outcomes in a new way as New Look by substantiating the issue through empirical analyses relating to the Indian States. The whole journey of the book consists of the political philosophy, models and empirics, the trio, without which the all-around venture of economic theories would become incomplete. For this reason, the whole perspective of empirical analysis is done to keep in mind the necessities of the learners such that they should not feel awkward with a set of data. It is, in that context, the empirical and structural issues are taken up to make the issues distinctively clearer with the presumption that the whole perspective would become, then, more delightful and easy to digest.
Book Synopsis Inequality in America by : James J. Heckman
Download or read book Inequality in America written by James J. Heckman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two leading economists debate the effectiveness ofhuman capital policies in addressing widening U.S inequality.
Book Synopsis Human Capital, Inequality and Growth by :
Download or read book Human Capital, Inequality and Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Income inequality is increasing in most countries at the same time as traditional redistribution policies are under pressure, not least due to strained public finances. What are the underlying causes, and what is the scope to turn the trend? This is discussed from the perspective of the link between inequality and growth running via education and human capital formation. It is argued that imperfections arising from both capital market imperfections and social barriers imply that inequality may be a barrier to education, which in turn makes inequality persistent and reduces growth. In discussing redistribution it is thus important to distinguish between the traditional passive means of redistribution via taxes and transfers to repair on the distribution of market incomes, and active means which affect the distribution of market incomes. The latter may both lead to more income equality and efficiency improvements reflected in higher incomes or income growth. Policy options to improve educational outcomes and their distribution are discussed.
Book Synopsis Human Capital and the Personal Distribution of Income by : Gary Stanley Becker
Download or read book Human Capital and the Personal Distribution of Income written by Gary Stanley Becker and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interrelationships Between Human Capital and Social Capital by : Eve Parts
Download or read book Interrelationships Between Human Capital and Social Capital written by Eve Parts and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
