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Author : James David Reitzes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Market-share Quotas written by James David Reitzes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781514249208
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (492 download)
Download or read book Market Share Quotas written by Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anecdotal evidence reveals that an import quota is not always filled when the quota is specified in terms of a market-share limit instead of a quantity limit. In a simple Cournot duopoly, we provide a theoretical rationale for this outcome. Imposing a market-share quota eliminates pure strategy equilibria. Instead, a mixed-strategy equilibrium arises where only the domestic firm mixes choices. The quota is binding under one of the two equilibrium domestic strategies, but it is not binding under the other. Compared to a tariff that restrains the foreign market share to an equivalent level, domestic profits are always higher and consumer surplus is always lower under the market-share quota. Social welfare is lower under the market-share quota when the domestic firm uses its "constrained" strategy, but this outcome may be reversed when the domestic firm uses its "unconstrained" strategy. These results may continue to hold when the foreign firm can move output costlessly between markets.
Author : Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781523438655
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (386 download)
Download or read book Market Share Quotas written by Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-01-17 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anecdotal evidence reveals that an import quota is not always filled when the quota is specified in terms of a market-share limit instead of a quantity limit. In a simple Cournot duopoly, we provide a theoretical rationale for this outcome. Imposing a market-share quota eliminates pure strategy equilibria. Instead, a mixed-strategy equilibrium arises where only the domestic firm mixes choices. The quota is binding under one of the two equilibrium domestic strategies, but it is not binding under the other. Compared to a tariff that restrains the foreign market share to an equivalent level, domestic profits are always higher and consumer surplus is always lower under the market-share quota. Social welfare is lower under the market-share quota when the domestic firm uses its "constrained" strategy, but this outcome may be reversed when the domestic firm uses its "unconstrained" strategy. These results may continue to hold when the foreign firm can move output costlessly between markets.
Author : James David Reitzes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Market-share Quotas written by James David Reitzes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Qian Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)
Download or read book International Trade and Imperfect Competition written by Qian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498340334
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Quota Formula Review - Data Update and Further Considerations written by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2012, the Executive Board held its first formal discussion on the comprehensive review of the quota formula. This review, to be completed by January 2013, is an important part of the quota and governance reforms agreed in 2010. Directors stressed the importance of agreeing on a quota formula that better reflects members’ relative positions in the global economy for future discussions on the 15th General Review of Quotas. This view was reiterated in April by the IMFC, which looked forward to an agreement by January 2013: "...on a simple and transparent quota formula that better reflects members’ relative positions in the world economy." The IMFC also reaffirmed its commitment to complete the 15th quota review by January 2014. It noted that any realignment is expected to result in increases in the quota shares of dynamic economies in line with their relative positions in the world economy, and hence likely in the share of EMDCs as a whole; and that steps shall be taken to protect the voice and representation of the poorest members. The Board held an informal follow-up meeting on June 13, 2012.
Author : Hong Hwang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Price, Profit and Market Share Effects of Tariffs, Volume Quotas and Ratio Quotas written by Hong Hwang and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513571206
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Fifteenth General Review of Quotas—Quota Formula and Realigning Shares written by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-05 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides background for an initial discussion under the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas (15th Review) in line with the work plan agreed by the Executive Board. It discusses issues related to further reforms of the quota formula and realigning quota shares, based on updated quota data through 2015. A companion paper, to be discussed separately, will address issues related to the size of the Fund and mix of quota and borrowed resources. Both these papers seek to facilitate initial discussions on some of the key issues for the 15th Review. No proposals are made at this stage, recognizing that further deliberations will be needed before the issues under discussion can begin to be narrowed down.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498335659
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Quotas - Updated Calculations and Quota Variables written by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its April 2009 Communiqué, the IMFC called for a prompt start to the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas so that it is completed by January 2011--some two years ahead of schedule. The IMFC noted that the review is expected to result in increases in the quota shares of dynamic economies, particularly in the share of emerging market and developing countries as a whole. The IMFC also looked forward to further work by the Executive Board on elements of the new quota formula that can be improved before the formula is used again, and noted that this work should start before the 2009 Annual Meetings.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498343139
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Quota Formula—Data Update and Further Considerations written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF staff has updated individual member country data for the variables used in the quota formula for the period 2000-12. The updated database also incorporates the recently released 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) global estimates for purchasing power parity rates (PPP) rates. The staff paper also presents updated calculated quota shares based on the current quota formula. The current quota formula includes a GDP variable, which is a blend of GDP at market rates and GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP), openness, variability, and international reserves. The International Monetary and Financial Committee has called for agreement on a new quota formula as part of the 15th General Review of Quotas. The paper presents a limited set of illustrative simulations of possible reforms of the quota formula using the updated quota data. These simulations are purely illustrative and do not represent proposals. The new data tables that can be downloaded via the below link include also the comparable value of each variable for the previous quota dataset, which was based on data covering the period 1999-2011. The information is presented in millions of SDRs (Table A1) and in percent of their respective global totals (Tables A2 and A3). A table showing calculated quota shares based on the current quota formula is also included (Table A4). Data sources and a description of the quota variables are discussed in Quota Formula – Data Update and Further Considerations - Statistical Appendix; IMF Policy Paper; July 2014. Download Quota Data: Updated IMF Quota Formula Variables - July 2014
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Federal enforcement of textile and apparel import quotas written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sanjay Kathuria
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Export Quotas and Policy Constraints in the Indian Textile and Garment Industries written by Sanjay Kathuria and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1998 Substantial export tax equivalents exist for Indian textile and clothing exports, especially to the United States. In today's world, these would have been even higher if domestic Indian policy constraints had been relaxed. In tomorrow's world, the health of India's textile and clothing industries may depend on timely relaxation of these constraints. The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing will abolish all quota restrictions in trade in textiles and clothing by the year 2005. Dismantling the quota regime represents both an opportunity (for developing countries to expand exports) and a threat (because quotas will no longer guarantee markets and even the domestic market will be open to competition). Data about the real burden imposed by distorting but nontransparent policies under the quota regime are inadequate, so Kathuria and Bhardwaj interviewed traders in Delhi and Bombay about quota rents. They provide comprehensive estimates of the magnitude of the implicit export taxes resulting from the labyrinth of quotas imposed under the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. Using the concept of an export tax equivalent (or ETE), they assess how much exports are restricted. The international trade regime in textiles and clothing imposes a substantial tax equivalent on Indian exports. Between 1993 and 1997, ETEs for garment exports to the United States were roughly double those for the European Union. The ETEs for the United States declined in 1996, which could be a warning signal that India faces increasing competition from a NAFTA-empowered Mexico. From India's viewpoint, the European Union is ahead of the United States in dismantling the quota regime-and in not restricting Indian cotton (garment) exports (where India has a comparative advantage) more than synthetics. India's strengths in this sector lie in natural resources and factor endowments-raw cotton and cheap labor. The Indian garment industry's decentralized production structure - subcontracting, which is low risk and low capital-has served the industry well but has excluded Indian products from the mass market for clothing, which demands consistent quality for large volumes of a single item. Growth in Indian exports may require a shift to an assembly-line, factory-type system. This would probably require: * No longer restricting garment production to the small-scale sector (and ending other anachronistic policies). * Making labor policy more flexible. o Ending the policy bias against synthetic fibers. * Reducing transaction costs for exports. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of industrial country trade policies on developing countries.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Import Quotas Legislation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Potato Marketing Quotas and Marketing Orders written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Finance
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1288 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Import Quotas Legislation, Hearings ... written by United States. Congress. Senate. Finance and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Louis Schorsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Import Quotas on the Steel Industry written by Louis Schorsch and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Van Bael & Bellis
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041154051
Total Pages : 1618 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Competition Law of the European Union written by Van Bael & Bellis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 1618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new Sixth Edition of a major work by the well-known competition law team at Van Bael & Bellis in Brussels brings the book up to date to take account of the many developments in the case law and relevant legislation that have occurred since the Fifth Edition in 2010. The authors have also taken the opportunity to write a much-extended chapter on private enforcement and a dedicated section on competition law in the pharmaceutical sector. As one would expect, the new edition continues to meet the challenge for businesses and their counsel, providing a thoroughly practical guide to the application of the EU competition rules. The critical commentary cuts through the theoretical underpinnings of EU competition law to expose its actual impact on business. In this comprehensive new edition, the authors examine such notable developments as the following: important rulings concerning the concept of a restriction by object under Article 101; the extensive case law in the field of cartels, including in relation to cartel facilitation and price signalling; important Article 102 rulings concerning pricing and exclusivity, including the Post Danmark and Intel judgments, as well as standard essential patents; the current block exemption and guidelines applicable to vertical agreements, including those applicable to the motor vehicle sector; developments concerning online distribution, including the Pierre Fabre and Coty rulings; the current guidelines and block exemptions in the field of horizontal cooperation, including the treatment of information exchange; the evolution of EU merger control, including court defeats suffered by the Commission and the case law on procedural infringements; the burgeoning case law related to pharmaceuticals, including concerning reverse payment settlements; the current technology transfer guidelines and block exemption; procedural developments, including in relation to the right to privacy, access to file, parental liability, fining methodology, inability to pay and hybrid settlements; the implementation of the Damages Directive and the first interpretative rulings. As a comprehensive, up-to-date and above all practical analysis of the EU competition rules as developed by the Commission and EU Courts, this authoritative new edition of a classic work stands alone. Like its predecessors, it will be of immeasurable value to both business persons and their legal advisers.
