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Management Considerations In Beef Heifer Development And Puberty
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Book Synopsis Beef Heifer Development, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice by : David J Patterson
Download or read book Beef Heifer Development, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice written by David J Patterson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-12-28 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest information on heifer development in beef cattle for the food animal practitioner! Topics include rebuilding the US cowherd, physiology and endocrinology of puberty, nutritional development and the target weight debate, long-term reproductive health, effect of prenatal programming on development, economics of development, synchronization of estrus and ovulation, post breeding heifer management, management strategies for adding value to heifers, and more!
Book Synopsis Management Considerations in Beef Heifer Development and Puberty by :
Download or read book Management Considerations in Beef Heifer Development and Puberty written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Management Considerations in Beef Heifer Development by : David James Patterson
Download or read book Management Considerations in Beef Heifer Development written by David James Patterson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because decisions about selecting and managing replacement beef heifers can affect the future productivity of an entire cowherd, programs to develop breeding heifers have focused on the physiological processes that influence puberty. The timing of puberty critical to whether a heifer remains in the herd and whether lifetime productivity is optimized. This publication focuses on the management considerations that need to be taken in beef heifer development.
Book Synopsis Bovine Reproduction by : Richard M. Hopper
Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Book Synopsis Puberty Development and Reproductive Performance in Beef Heifers Fed Rations Supplemented with Oregon By-product Feeds by : Keely E. Oswald
Download or read book Puberty Development and Reproductive Performance in Beef Heifers Fed Rations Supplemented with Oregon By-product Feeds written by Keely E. Oswald and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the majority of management scenarios, it is imperative that beef replacement heifers calve at two years of age. In order to achieve this goal, yearling heifers should reach 60 to 65% of their mature body weight by 13 months of age. Feed costs represent 75 to 80% of the total costs incurred by a beef producer in the development of replacement heifers. At current beef prices, it takes at least three live calves before the heifer development period is paid. Feed costs have become more problematic and volatile in recent years. Increasing pressure for the use of grains in brewing and for ethanol production has inflated feed prices. Demand for grain has also resulted in more ground being taken out of forage production which has resulted in much higher hay prices. However, the increased use of feedstuffs by fermentation industries results in by-product feeds that can be utilized best by beef cattle. Utilization of these by-product feedstuffs by cattle not only results in cheaper feed, and therefore production costs, but also enhances the sustainability of the fermentation industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate puberty onset and subsequent reproductive performance in heifers fed a traditional ration with grass hay to rations in which grass hay was substituted with either grass-seed straw or a grass seed straw-brewer's grain silage. Eighteen heifers (initial body weight = 561±11.4 lbs and age = 278±2.4 d) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: grass hay (HAY), grass seed straw (STRAW), or grass seed straw-brewer's grain silage (SILAGE). Heifers were individually fed twice daily using Calan gates for 22 weeks. Heifers were weighed and 10-ml blood samples were recovered weekly. Plasma was recovered by centrifugation and stored at -20° C until analyzed for progesterone and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) concentrations. Puberty onset was defined as plasma progesterone exceeding 1 ng/ml. At week 21, heifers were estrous-synchronized using a CIDR-Select Synch protocol. Heifers displaying estrus were inseminated 12 h after onset with one straw of frozen semen. Heifers not displaying estrus were injected with PGF2[subscript alpha] 10 d after the initial PGF2[subscript alpha] injection in the CIDR-Select Synch protocol and subsequently observed for estrus and inseminated as described. Mean ages and weights of heifers were similar (P>0.10) across all treatments at the start of the feeding period. Heifer ages at puberty did not differ (P>0.10) due to treatment. Average daily gain of heifers during the feeding trial fed SILAGE were lower (P0.0005) than heifers fed either HAY or STRAW, However, no differences (p0.10) were found in body weight at puberty onset. However, body weights of heifers fed SILAGE were lower (P0.05) than heifers fed either HAY or STRAW at the starts of the breeding and calving seasons. No differences (P0.10) in services per conception, calving ease scores, calf vigor scores, or calf birth weights were observed between treatments. These results suggest that heifers fed the less expensive, by-product STRAW ration have weight gain and reproductive performance similar to heifers fed a traditional HAY ration. Although heifers fed the SILAGE diet had lighter body weights, a negative impact on reproductive measurements was not observed, suggesting the ration was adequate to support reproductive performance similar to a traditional HAY ration.
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Calf Crop by : Michael J. Fields
Download or read book Factors Affecting Calf Crop written by Michael J. Fields and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-11-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors Affecting Calf Crop summarizes the latest information available from leading cattle physiologists and geneticists regarding factors known to influence the production of live calves at weaning. You get practical information on management techniques for improving reproduction efficiency in the herd. You'll also learn about the functioning of the reproductive system and how this may affect reproductive processes in the cow herd. Managers will benefit from a clearer understanding of the factors known to limit efficient reproduction, while veterinarians and other professionals who advise cattlemen will appreciate the substantial reference material and color photographs for defining cow condition scores. Color photographs are also used to illustrate the discussions of testicular thermographies and their applications. Other chapters in the book cover developments in improving reproductive performance of the replacement heifer, the brood cow, and the bull. Topics on reproduction include physiology/endocrinology, the use of growth promotants, genetics and physiological and economic considerations in selecting the age to breed heifers, heritability of fertility, length of the breeding season, prepartum and postpartum nutrition, nursing by the calf, cloning of embryos, and much more.
Book Synopsis Management Strategies for Beef Heifer Development by : Shelby Ann Springman
Download or read book Management Strategies for Beef Heifer Development written by Shelby Ann Springman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle by : Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Stocking Density on Development and Puberty Attainment of Replacement Beef Heifers by : Kelsey M. Schubach
Download or read book Impacts of Stocking Density on Development and Puberty Attainment of Replacement Beef Heifers written by Kelsey M. Schubach and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following experiment presented herein compared growth, physical activity, stress-related responses, and puberty attainment in heifers reared on high- (HIDENS) or low-stocking densities (LOWDENS). Sixty Angus x Hereford heifers were ranked by age and BW (210 ± 2 d and 220 ± 2 kg, respectively) on d 0, and assigned to: a) 1 of 3 drylot pens (10 × 14 m pens; 10 heifers/pen) resulting in a stocking density of 14 m2/heifer (HIDENS; n = 3), or b) 1 of 3 pastures (25-ha pastures; 10 heifers/pasture), resulting in a stocking density of 25,000 m2/heifer (LOWDENS; n = 3). Pastures utilized herein were harvested for hay prior to the beginning of this experiment, and negligible forage was available for grazing to LOWDENS heifers throughout the experimental period (d 0 to 182). Heifers received the same limit-fed diet during the experiment, which averaged (DM basis) 4.0 kg/heifer daily of alfalfa-grass hay and 3.0 kg/heifer daily of a corn-based concentrate. Heifer shrunk BW was recorded after 16 h of feed and water withdrawal on d -3 and d 183 for ADG calculation. On d 0, heifers were fitted with a pedometer fixed behind their right shoulder. Each week during the experiment, pedometer results were recorded and blood samples were collected for puberty evaluation via plasma progesterone. Plasma samples collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 161, and 182 were also analyzed for concentrations of cortisol and IGF-I. On d 28, 102, and 175, blood samples were also collected for RNA isolation and analysis of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP72 mRNA expression. On d 0, 49, 98, 147, and 182, hair samples were collected from the tail switch for analysis of hair cortisol concentrations. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.66) for heifer BW or ADG. Heifers from LOWDENS had more (P
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309317029 Total Pages :22 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.
Book Synopsis Influence of Diet on Mammary Development and Puberty of Beef Heifers by : Shannon Leanne Charles-Edwards
Download or read book Influence of Diet on Mammary Development and Puberty of Beef Heifers written by Shannon Leanne Charles-Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Puberty in the Beef Heifer by : Ellen G. M. Bergfeld
Download or read book Puberty in the Beef Heifer written by Ellen G. M. Bergfeld and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hay Quality, Breed, and Ovarian Development Effects on Onset of Puberty and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers by : Randy Charles Perry
Download or read book Hay Quality, Breed, and Ovarian Development Effects on Onset of Puberty and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers written by Randy Charles Perry and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Feeding Perennial Peanut Hay on Growth, Development, Attainment of Puberty, and Fertility in Beef Replacement Heifers by : Kalyn Marie Bischoff
Download or read book Effects of Feeding Perennial Peanut Hay on Growth, Development, Attainment of Puberty, and Fertility in Beef Replacement Heifers written by Kalyn Marie Bischoff and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplemental feeding of perennial peanut hay (Arachis glabrata Benth.) on growth performance and age at puberty in growing beef cattle heifers. Over a two year period, 120 heifers were randomly allocated into pens and assigned to one of three supplement treatments: 80% corn and 20% soybean meal supplement (CSBM), perennial peanut hay supplementation (PPH), and a control which received no supplement (CON). All heifers received ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) during the 140-developmental phase. Following the developmental phase, heifers were comingled for a 77 d breeding season during the breeding phase. Period influenced ADG (P = 0.002) and treatment effected ADG, with the CON tending (P = 0.06) to be have lesser ADG than the CSBM and PPH heifers. There was a treatment \U+00d7\ day interaction (P = 0.06) on mean body weight (BW) with heifers in the CON treatment being lighter at the conclusion of the development phase (P = 0.02). Total DMI during the 140-d development phase was greater (P
Book Synopsis Ovarian and Endocrine Dynamics Associated with Sexual Maturation in Beef Heifers and the Influence of Diet, Weaning Age, and Other Factors During Early Reproductive Development by : Chad Lamar Gasser
Download or read book Ovarian and Endocrine Dynamics Associated with Sexual Maturation in Beef Heifers and the Influence of Diet, Weaning Age, and Other Factors During Early Reproductive Development written by Chad Lamar Gasser and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A series of experiments was designed to test the ability to induce precocious puberty in heifers and to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the precocious attainment of puberty. A model consisting of early weaning (3-4 months of age) and feeding a high-concentrate diet was used for each experiment. This method resulted in increased body weight gain. Additionally, precocious puberty was induced in a vast majority of heifers; and consequently, mean age at puberty was substantially reduced. Heifers that achieved precocious puberty did so at lesser body weights. In addition, subsequent estrous cycles continued after precocious attainment of puberty. In the first experiment, heifers that were weaned early and fed the high-concentrate diet exhibited a greater frequency of LH pulses leading to precocious attainment of puberty. In the second experiment, ovarian maturation was accelerated during the same period leading up to puberty. This was evidenced by increased maximum diameter of dominant ovarian follicles, increased duration of waves of ovarian follicular development, and increased peak estradiol concentrations during follicle waves. In the third experiment, estradiol-implanted, ovariectomized heifers that were weaned early and fed the high-concentrate diet escaped from estradiol negative feedback on LH secretion at a younger age, which was similar to the age at which ovary-intact heifers on the same diet attained puberty. It was concluded from these results that advancement of the decline in estradiol negative feedback on secretion of LH is the mechanism by which early weaning and feeding a high-concentrate diet induces precocious puberty in heifers. Essentially, the peripubertal period of development in heifers was shifted to a younger age with this model. A fourth experiment was conducted to determine the relative effects of timing of feeding the high-concentrate diet on age at puberty in early-weaned heifers. It was discovered that feeding the high-concentrate diet only for a period of 10 weeks after early weaning successfully advanced puberty to an extent similar to that of continuous feeding of the high-concentrate diet after early weaning. These experiments provide evidence that nutritional control during the early maturational period in heifers exerts substantial influence on timing of puberty.
Book Synopsis Reproduction in Cattle by : Peter J. H. Ball
Download or read book Reproduction in Cattle written by Peter J. H. Ball and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cattle play a fundamental role in animal agriculture throughout the world. They not only provide us with a vital food source, but they also provide us with fertilizer and fuel. Keeping reproduction levels at an optimum level is therefore essential, but this is often a complicated process, especially with modern, high yielding cows. Written in a practical and user-friendly style, this book aims to help the reader understand cattle reproduction by explaining the underlying physiology of the reproductive process and the role and importance of pharmacology and technology, and showing how management techniques can improve reproductive efficiency. This edition includes: Recent research findings on the physiology of the oestrous cycle and its control; New techniques for monitoring and manipulating reproduction, including pregnancy diagnosis and embryo transfer; Advice on identifying common infertility problems and how to prevent and treat them. Reproduction Cattle 3e is essential reading for veterinary and agricultural students, as well as veterinarians and farmers involved in cattle reproduction.
Book Synopsis Beef Cattle Management Systems for Estrus Synchronization and Heifer Development by : Hazy Rae Nielson
Download or read book Beef Cattle Management Systems for Estrus Synchronization and Heifer Development written by Hazy Rae Nielson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate estrus synchronization and heifer development systems. In the first experiment delaying AI 19 h following GnRH administration in a hybrid estrus detection and time AI protocol was evaluated. Final pregnancy rate was not different among heifers detected in estrus, AI at the time GnRH administration, or delayed AI. The second study compared the effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) -PG and 14-d controlled internal drug release (CIDR) -PG estrus synchronization protocols on estrus response and pregnancy rates of 311 d old heifers. Final pregnancy rate was similar between CIDR and MGA treatment groups. The objective of the third study was to determine the impact of heifer development system on subsequent growth and reproductive performance in 2 breeding seasons. Heifers were offered ad libitum meadow hay (HAY) and 1.81 kg/d (29% CP, DM basis) supplement or allowed to graze meadow (MDW) and 0.45 kg/d supplement. Although ADG during the winter feeding period was greater for HAY heifers, BW was similar between treatments in the spring, summer, and at pregnancy diagnosis suggesting a compensatory growth effect for MDW heifers. Similarly, pubertal status or pregnancy rate was not different, indicating a lower input winter management system is viable to maintain heifer pubertal status and pregnancy rates in 2 breeding seasons. Finally, to determine the impact of heifer development system on pregnancy rates and feed efficiency as a pregnant first calf heifer a 3 yr study was conducted. In Yr 1, weaned heifers either grazed corn residue (CR) or were fed in a drylot (DLHI). In Yr 2 and 3 heifers either grazed CR, upland range (RANGE), or were fed diets differing in energy, high (DLHI) or low (DLLO), in a drylot setting. Pregnancy rates to AI were similar among treatments. A subset of AI-pregnant heifers from each treatment were placed in a Calan gate system. Intake did not differ among treatments, either as DMI or as a percentage of BW.
