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Low Temperature Behaviour Of Elastomers
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Book Synopsis Low-Temperature Behaviour of Elastomers by : Maya F. Bukhina
Download or read book Low-Temperature Behaviour of Elastomers written by Maya F. Bukhina and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the effect the composition of rubbers and the conditions of their processing have on low-temperature resistance. It considers the nature and development of two physical processes, glass transition and crystallization, determining low-temperature behavior of elastomers. The book addresses the effects of deformation, pressure, and temperature on these processes. It discusses the contribution of different factors in frost-resistance of elastomeric materials and articles and the possibility of increasing frost-resistance by optimization of composition and design.
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Behaviour of Elastomers by :
Download or read book Low-temperature Behaviour of Elastomers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low-Temperature Behaviour of Elastomers. New Concepts in Polymer Science by : S. K. Kurlyand
Download or read book Low-Temperature Behaviour of Elastomers. New Concepts in Polymer Science written by S. K. Kurlyand and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of the studies of two leading Russian researchers in the field as well as of other Russian and foreign specialists are presented in this book. The nature and development of two physical processes - glass transition and crystallization determinig low-temperature behaviour of elastomers are under consideration in connection with the structure and composition of elastomeric materials. The effects of deformation, pressure and temperature on these processes are viewed. The contribution of different factors in frost-resistance of elastomeric materials and articles is discussed as well. Specific features of low-temperature behaviour of all existent rubbers are systemized. Furthermore, the possibilities of increasing the frost-resistance of different types of elastomeric materials and articles by means of optimization of composition and design are considered.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Properties of Elastomers by : John W. Liska
Download or read book Low Temperature Properties of Elastomers written by John W. Liska and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to the time of the beginning of the recent World War, comparatively little was known about the low-temperature characteristics of rubber, in spite of the fact that a number of investigators (1-16) had studied the subject. This can be at least partly explained by the fact that natural rubber, the only important elastomer known at that time, retained its flexibility over a rather wide range of temperatures extending down to -70 F. or even lower. Applications requiring flexibility or elasticity at temperatures lower than -70 or -75 F. were relatively rare, and, as a result, much of the work on this subject was largely academic in nature. Two important factors quickly changed the emphasis from academic to highly practical considerations. First of all, aircraft ceilings were being continually raised, making it necessary for tires, airplane de-icers, engine mountings, and tubing to withstand lower and lower temperatures. Secondly, it was soon discovered that the synthetic rubbers which had to be substituted for natural rubber, without exception, became inflexible or even brittle at temperatures considerably higher than natural rubber. Other factors also contributed to the demand for knowledge of the behavior of elastomers at low temperatures. Tanks and trucks had to operate efficiently in the arctic as well as in the tropic regions. Airplanes, tanks, and ships carried more and more sensitive equipment for communication and direction of gunfire, all of which had to be mounted on vibration-absorbing supports in order to retain their accuracy during actual operations. Then too, in order to decrease transmission of vibration and shock as much as possible, rubber-like materials were used more and more as prime mounts for vehicles, that is, in the form of tank treads, tires, and bogie rollers on tanks. The majority of tests developed in recent years (17-26) to measure low-temperature serviceability, fall roughly into two classes: one, a method for determining the so-called brittle-point temperature; and, two means for measuring the rate of stiffening or hardening with decrease in temperature. Some atempts have also been made to measure physical properties under dynamic conditions at low temperatures (24), but so far these methods have not been developed very completely nor have they received any general acceptance. For these reasons, they will not be discussed in any detail in this paper, though their importance, when more fully developed, should not be minimized.
Book Synopsis Designing with Elastomers for Use at Low Temperatures, Near Or Below Glass Transition by : AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Download or read book Designing with Elastomers for Use at Low Temperatures, Near Or Below Glass Transition written by AMS CE Elastomers Committee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To ensure success in design of elastomeric parts for use at low temperature, the design engineer must understand the peculiar properties of rubber materials at these temperatures.There are no static applications of rubber. The Gaussian theory of rubber elasticity demonstrates that the elastic characteristic of rubber is due to approximately 15% internal energy and the balance, 85%, is entropy change. In other words, when an elastomer is deformed, the elastomer chain network is forced to rearrange its configuration thereby storing energy through entropy change. Thermodynamically, this means that rubber elasticity is time and temperature dependent (Reference 25).The purpose of this report is to provide guidance on low temperature properties of rubber with the terminology, test methods, and mathematical models applicable to rubber, and to present some practical experience. In this way, it is hoped that mistakes can be avoided, particularly in selection of rubber materials, enabling the design engineer to weigh low-temperature material properties together with the many other factors involved in the design process. AIR1387C is now due for review. The template has been revised to meet the document standards of SAE. The addition of glass transition (Tg) and temperature retraction tables, new low temperature hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon elastomers, and new test methods to characterize low temperature properties of elastomers has been made to the last revision.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Performance Characteristics of Elastomers by : Richard A. Thoman (Jr.)
Download or read book Low Temperature Performance Characteristics of Elastomers written by Richard A. Thoman (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Behavior and Acceptance Criteria for Elastomeric Bridge Bearings by : Charles W. Roeder
Download or read book Low Temperature Behavior and Acceptance Criteria for Elastomeric Bridge Bearings written by Charles W. Roeder and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1989 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials by : Wolfgang Grellmann
Download or read book Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials written by Wolfgang Grellmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent advances in the deformation and fracture behaviour of polymer material. It provides deeper insight into related morphology–property correlations of thermoplastics, elastomers and polymer resins. Each chapter of this book gives a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods of materials testing and diagnostics, tailored for plastic pipes, films and adhesive systems as well as elastomeric components and others. The investigation of deformation and fracture behaviour using the experimental methods of fracture mechanics has been the subject of intense research during the last decade. In a systematic manner, modern aspects of fracture mechanics in the industrial application of polymers for bridging basic research and industrial development are illustrated by multifarious examples of innovative materials usage. This book will be of value to scientists, engineers and in polymer materials science.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Testing of Elastomers Conference Held in Washington, DC on 4-5 March 1952 by :
Download or read book Low Temperature Testing of Elastomers Conference Held in Washington, DC on 4-5 March 1952 written by and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of the physical characteristics of elastomers at low temperatures has not been standardized within the rubber industry because the many and varied uses of rubber preclude the use of one specific test method. The standardization of test equipment and procedures for specification testing and Research and Development Evaluation, has not progressed sufficiently by the rubber industry or standardizing agencies such as the Society of Automotive Engineers or the American Society for Testing materials, to insure adequate low temperature performance. Since a large proportion of rubber goods is currently being manufactured for the military services, and since low temperature performance is manditory it becomes apparent that the military laboratories should take the lead in establishing adequate procurement specifications. It was for this purpose that the Conference on low temperature testing of elastomers was held. (MM).
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Flexibility of Elastomers by : B. E. Brokenbrow
Download or read book Low Temperature Flexibility of Elastomers written by B. E. Brokenbrow and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The torsional modulus of twenty-five rubber compounds and four flexible plastics has been measured as a function of temperature using standard apparatus. Corresponding room temperature tensile properties are also given. A limiting low temperature has been reported for all the materials studied on a torsional modulus of 10,000 psi. The limiting temperatures given by the use of these arbitrary standards fall close to each other for a given material. (Author, modified-PL).
Download or read book Thermoplastic Elastomers III written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1991 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rubber, Fluorocarbon Elastomer, Improved Perfrormance At Low Temperatures by : AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Download or read book Rubber, Fluorocarbon Elastomer, Improved Perfrormance At Low Temperatures written by AMS CE Elastomers Committee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This specification covers high temperature, compression set, and fluid resistant fluorocarbon elastomer sheets, strips, molded parts, and extruded shapes for aeronautical and aerospace applications. This material differs from other fluorocarbon elastomers because of its improved low temperature performance of approximately 25°F. AMS-R-83485 has been cancelled and superseded by AMS3384 and AMS7287.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Behavior and Acceptance Criteria for Elastomeric Bridge Bearings by :
Download or read book Low Temperature Behavior and Acceptance Criteria for Elastomeric Bridge Bearings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Low Temperature Testing of Elastomers, the Properties of Arctic Rubber XP-138, and the Variation of Its Low Temperature Properties with the State of Vulcanization by : D. M. French
Download or read book The Low Temperature Testing of Elastomers, the Properties of Arctic Rubber XP-138, and the Variation of Its Low Temperature Properties with the State of Vulcanization written by D. M. French and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Low-temperature Properties of Inherently Ozone-resistant Elastomers by : Paul E. Gatza
Download or read book Evaluation of the Low-temperature Properties of Inherently Ozone-resistant Elastomers written by Paul E. Gatza and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report covers an evaluation of the potential for end-item applications of several elastomers purported to be both inherently ozone resistant and serviceable at temperatures as low as -65F. Using specification requirements detailed in Specifications MIL-I-3930C and MIL-R-14328A as guidelines, results of physical testing and compound development studies on ethylene-propylene, modified butyl, and propylene oxide elastomers are compared with results obtained on a compound of SB-R 1023. Although the latter is not an inherently ozone-resistant rubber, it is acceptable for use at -65F. Other physical characteristics such as heat, oxygen, water and weather resistance, deemed essential for satisfactory performance in general-purpose applications, were determined for these elastomers and are analyzed and discussed. (Author).
Book Synopsis DESIGNING WITH ELASTOMERS FOR USE AT LOW TEMPERATURES by : AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Download or read book DESIGNING WITH ELASTOMERS FOR USE AT LOW TEMPERATURES written by AMS CE Elastomers Committee and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Elastomeric Nanocomposites by : Vikas Mittal
Download or read book Recent Advances in Elastomeric Nanocomposites written by Vikas Mittal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Recent Advances in Elastomeric Nanocomposites’ reviews the recent progresses in the synthesis, processing as well as applications of elastomeric nanocomposites. Elastomers are a very important class of polymer materials and the generation of their nanocomposites by the incorporation of nano-filler has led to significant enhancement of their properties and, hence, expansion of their application potential. Most of the studies related with these materials are present in the form of research papers. Here, the authors present a comprehensive text covering the whole of the subject. The book is tailored more from the applications point of view, but also provide enough introductory material for research scholars new to this field.
