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Low Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Demonstrated Performance And Cost Implications
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Book Synopsis Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning: Demonstrated Performance and Cost Implications by :
Download or read book Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning: Demonstrated Performance and Cost Implications written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooling loads must be dramatically reduced when designing net-zero energy buildings or other highly efficient facilities. Advances in this area have focused primarily on reducing a building's sensible cooling loads by improving the envelope, integrating properly sized daylighting systems, adding exterior solar shading devices, and reducing internal heat gains. As sensible loads decrease,however, latent loads remain relatively constant, and thus become a greater fraction of the overall cooling requirement in highly efficient building designs, particularly in humid climates. This shift toward latent cooling is a challenge for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Traditional systems typically dehumidify by first overcooling air below the dew-pointtemperature and then reheating it to an appropriate supply temperature, which requires an excessive amount of energy. Another dehumidification strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove water from air more efficiently; however, these systems are large and increase fan energy consumption due to the increased airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors. A third dehumidificationstrategy involves high flow liquid desiccant systems. These systems require a high maintenance separator to protect the air distribution system from corrosive desiccant droplet carryover and so are more commonly used in industrial applications and rarely in commercial buildings. Both solid desiccant systems and most high-flow liquid desiccant systems (if not internally cooled) add sensibleenergy which must later be removed to the air stream during dehumidification, through the release of sensible heat during the sorption process.
Book Synopsis Low-flow Desiccant Air-conditioning by : Eric Kozubal
Download or read book Low-flow Desiccant Air-conditioning written by Eric Kozubal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooling loads must be dramatically reduced when designing net-zero energy buildings or other highly efficient facilities. Advances in this area have focused primarily on reducing a building's sensible cooling loads by improving the envelope, integrating properly sized daylighting systems, adding exterior solar shading devices, and reducing internal heat gains. As sensible loads decrease, however, latent loads remain relatively constant, and thus become a greater fraction of the overall cooling requirement in highly efficient building designs, particularly in humid climates. This shift toward latent cooling is a challenge for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Traditional systems typically dehumidify by first overcooling air below the dew-point temperature and then reheating it to an appropriate supply temperature, which requires an excessive amount of energy. Another dehumidification strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove water from air more efficiently; however, these systems are large and increase fan energy consumption due to the increased airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors. A third dehumidification strategy involves high flow liquid desiccant systems. These systems require a high maintenance separator to protect the air distribution system from corrosive desiccant droplet carryover and so are more commonly used in industrial applications and rarely in commercial buildings. Both solid desiccant systems and most high-flow liquid desiccant systems (if not internally cooled) add sensible energy which must later be removed to the air stream during dehumidification, through the release of sensible heat during the sorption process.
Book Synopsis Low-flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning by : Eric Kozubal
Download or read book Low-flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning written by Eric Kozubal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dehumidification or latent cooling in buildings is an area of growing interest that has been identified as needing more research and improved technologies for higher performance. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems typically expend excessive energy by using overcool-and-reheat strategies to dehumidify buildings. These systems first overcool ventilation air to remove moisture and then reheat the air to meet comfort requirements. Another common strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove moisture from the air more efficiently; however, these systems increase fan energy consumption because of the high airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors and can add heat of absorption to the ventilation air. Alternatively, liquid desiccant air-conditioning (LDAC) technology provides an innovative dehumidification solution that: (1) eliminates the need for overcooling and reheating from traditional cooling systems; and (2) avoids the increased fan energy and air heating from solid desiccant rotor systems.
Book Synopsis Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning by :
Download or read book Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dehumidification or latent cooling in buildings is an area of growing interest that has been identified as needing more research and improved technologies for higher performance. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems typically expend excessive energy by using overcool-and-reheat strategies to dehumidify buildings. These systems first overcool ventilation air to remove moisture and then reheat the air to meet comfort requirements. Another common strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove moisture from the air more efficiently; however, these systems increase fan energy consumption because of the high airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors and can add heat of absorption to the ventilation air. Alternatively, liquid desiccant air-conditioning (LDAC) technology provides an innovative dehumidification solution that: (1) eliminates the need for overcooling and reheating from traditional cooling systems; and (2) avoids the increased fan energy and air heating from solid desiccant rotor systems.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Seasonal Performance of Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems by : Friedrich Sick
Download or read book Analysis of the Seasonal Performance of Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems written by Friedrich Sick and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Carlos Eduardo Leme Nóbrega Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1447155653 Total Pages :281 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (471 download)
Book Synopsis Desiccant-Assisted Cooling by : Carlos Eduardo Leme Nóbrega
Download or read book Desiccant-Assisted Cooling written by Carlos Eduardo Leme Nóbrega and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing concern with indoor air quality has led to air-quality standards with increased ventilation rates. Although increasing the volume flow rate of outside air is advisable from the perspective of air-quality, it is detrimental to energy consumption, since the outside air has to be brought to the comfort condition before it is insufflated to the conditioned ambient. Moreover, the humidity load carried within outside air has challenging HVAC engineers to design cooling units which are able to satisfactorily handle both sensible and latent contributions to the thermal load. This constitutes a favorable scenario for the use of solid desiccants to assist the cooling units. In fact, desiccant wheels have been increasingly applied by HVAC designers, allowing distinct processes for the air cooling and dehumidification. In fact, the ability of solid desiccants in moisture removal is effective enough to allow the use of evaporative coolers, in opposition to the traditional vapor-compression cycle, resulting in an ecologically sound system which uses only water as the refrigerant. Desiccant Assisted Cooling: Fundamentals and Applications presents different approaches to the mathematical modeling and simulation of desiccant wheels, as well as applications in thermal comfort and humidity controlled environments. Experts in the field discuss topics from enthalpy, lumped models for heat and mass transfer, and desiccant assisted radiant cooling systems, among others. Aimed at air-conditioning engineers and thermal engineering researchers, this book can also be used by graduate level students and lecturers in the field.
Book Synopsis Advances in Solar Heating and Cooling by : Ruzhu Wang
Download or read book Advances in Solar Heating and Cooling written by Ruzhu Wang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Solar Heating and Cooling presents new information on the growing concerns about climate change, the security of energy supplies, and the ongoing interest in replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The amount of energy used for heating and cooling is very significant, estimated, for example, as half of final energy consumption in Europe. Solar thermal installations have the potential to meet a large proportion of the heating and cooling needs of both buildings and industry and the number of solar thermal installations is increasing rapidly. This book provides an authoritative review of the latest research in solar heating and cooling technologies and applications. Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of heating and cooling for buildings and industry in one convenient volume Part III, ‘Solar cooling technologies’ is contributed by authors from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, which is a world-leader in this area Covers advanced applications from zero-energy buildings, through industrial process heat to district heating and cooling
Book Synopsis Sustainable Air Conditioning Systems by : Chaouki Ghenai
Download or read book Sustainable Air Conditioning Systems written by Chaouki Ghenai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air conditioning system is one of the major consumers of electrical energy in many parts of the world today. It represents between 40 and 70% of the energy consumption in commercial buildings. The demand of energy for air conditioning systems is expected to increase further in the next decades due to the population growth, the new economic boom, and the urbanization development. The rapid growth of air conditioning and electricity consumption will contribute further to climate change if fossil and nonrenewable resources are used. More energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems to accomplish space cooling are needed. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in sustainable air conditioning technologies and focus on the most recent research and development on green air conditioning systems including energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Heat Rejection Strategies for Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning Systems by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Heat Rejection Strategies for Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increased demand for space cooling and the resulting summer peak in electrical demands are motivating research into thermally-driven air-conditioning systems that can use renewable or waste heat. One promising technology is the use of a Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning (LDAC). An evaporative cooling tower (ECT) was used as a cooling device to reject the heat from a LDAC at Queen's University. Investigation of the ECT showed significant power consumption and ineffective operation in humid conditions which contributed to the low electrical and thermal coefficients of performance (COPE and COPT). Therefore, the present study was undertaken to identify and evaluate alternative heat rejection strategies that can provide a better thermal and electrical system performance. The relationship between the relative humidity and the ambient air temperature at a variety of cooling water temperatures was modelled using TRNSYS, a transient simulation program, as the first stage of the study. To find the most promising heat rejection technologies, available cooling methods were reviewed and two were selected (based on the results of the first phase of the study), namely, (i) a cooling water storage (CWS) system and (ii) a ground-source heat exchanger (GSHX) system. These were simulated and evaluated in detail. Finally, an experimental investigation of a stratified cooling water storage tank (SCWS) and night cooling water storage (NCWS) was undertaken to confirm the results of an additional simulation on the use of a stratified cooling tank. From the simulation results and the overall comparison of the selected heat rejection strategies of the LDAC, it was concluded that GSHX system with 25 boreholes showed better COPE than the CWS system whereas the COPT improvement of both systems was almost same. The improved performance of the GSHX however, is expensive as the capital cost for boreholes is higher than the other systems. When comparing the CWS system (with mixed tank) and the SCWS (with stratified tank) it was observed that the stratified tank had the better potential of improving the COPT, depending upon the water flow rate and initial tank temperature.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study for Operation of Liquid Desiccant System to Supply Space Air Conditioning and Fresh Water Needs by : Anwar Rached Hassoun
Download or read book Experimental Study for Operation of Liquid Desiccant System to Supply Space Air Conditioning and Fresh Water Needs written by Anwar Rached Hassoun and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents an experimental study of the performance of a small-size solar-powered liquid desiccant system (LDS) that meets both space air conditioning and fresh water needs in Beirut humid climate. The experimental station is setup such that it can provide space comfort through the use of the system dry air stream out of the dehumidifier and fresh water needs through the capture of water condensate from the humid air leaving the regenerator. The experimental station was instrumented to facilitate the measurements of temperature and humidity content of air and liquid desiccant streams, the amount of collected water condensate, the regeneration heat, and the energy consumed by the fans. The system performance was assessed using published correlations and based on retrieved amounts of distilled water for different regeneration temperatures, ambient conditions, and air flow rates at liquid desiccant temperature of 20 oC entering the dehumidifier. Results have shown that during the month of April the water collection rate reached 3.21 liter/hour at ambient temperature of 24.5°C and regeneration temperature of 80°C while during the month of August, the water collection rate was 2.3 liter/hr at the same regeneration temperature but at a desiccant temperature of 28 °C and at ambient temperature of 30 degreesC. The dehumidified air stream temperature in both cases was less than 28.4 oC and can be used for space air conditioning. Lowering the desiccant temperature to the dehumidifier from 28 to 26°C, results in outlet air temperature of 27°C. The energy consumption of the LDS system was compared with the conventional system and has shown that it is cost effective where the operational cost is less than one third of the energy used by conventional system.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems by : Thomas Karl Buschulte
Download or read book Analysis of Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems written by Thomas Karl Buschulte and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Dehumidification and Cooling by : Vivekh Prabakaran
Download or read book Membrane Dehumidification and Cooling written by Vivekh Prabakaran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Dehumidification and Cooling: Fundamentals and Applications presents the state-of-the-art on membrane dehumidifiers, highlighting their most recent advancements and providing key insights into global R&D interests. With a strong focus on applications, the book offers characterization techniques to evaluate the potential of hygroscopic materials, as well as experimental methods to study the dehumidifiers’ performance. The book begins by highlighting the demerits of conventional cooling systems and then reviews electrically driven alternative cooling solutions. A comparative study between different dehumidification techniques is also given, along with sections on fundamental transport mechanisms and thermodynamic modeling. Finally, scaling, heat transfer and thermodynamic analysis are presented, along with a review of hybrid membrane-based air-conditioners. This book is a one-stop resource for recent advancements in membrane dehumidification and cooling applications. It is an essential read for students, researchers and engineers interested in thermal engineering, heat and mass transfer, alternative cooling, energy materials and dehumidification. Presents the fundamental aspects and applications of the latest membrane dehumidification technologies Comprehensively emphasizes new energy materials, experimental techniques, numerical methods, and thermal evaluation frameworks Focuses on the feasibility of membrane dehumidifiers in the next generation of hybrid cooling systems
Author :American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Publisher : ISBN 13 :9781936504527 Total Pages :328 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (45 download)
Book Synopsis District/Central Solar Hot Water Systems Design Guide by : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Download or read book District/Central Solar Hot Water Systems Design Guide written by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The District/Central Solar Water Heating Systems Design Guide provides recommendations on optimal and reliable configurations of solar water heating systems in different climates, with design specifications, planning principles, and guidelines for these systems. The guidelines are complemented by numerous case studies of successfully implemented solar supported thermal networks along with results of exemplary simulations of different system options based on real world scenarios. This book also discusses the benefits and disadvantages of large-scale centralized versus decentralized solar thermal systems. The guide was developed by government, institutional, and private-sector parties funded by the U.S. Army Installations Management Command (IMCOM), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (DOE FEMP), and reviewed and approved by ASHRAE Technical Committee (TC) 6.7, Solar Energy Utilization.
Book Synopsis Polygeneration Systems by : Francesco Calise
Download or read book Polygeneration Systems written by Francesco Calise and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The support for polygeneration lies in the possibility of integrating different technologies into a single energy system, to maximize the utilization of both fossil and renewable fuels. A system that delivers multiple forms of energy to users, maximizing the overall efficiency makes polygeneration an emerging and viable option for energy consuming industries. Polygeneration Systems: Design, Processes and Technologies provides simple and advanced calculation techniques to evaluate energy, environmental and economic performance of polygeneration systems under analysis. With specific design guidelines for each type of polygeneration system and experimental performance data, referred both to single components and overall systems, this title covers all aspects of polygeneration from design to operation, optimization and practical implementation. Giving different aspects of both fossil and non-fossil fuel based polygeneration and the wider area of polygeneration processes, this book helps readers learn general principles to specific system design and development through analysis of case studies, examples, simulation characteristics and thermodynamic and economic data. Detailed economic data for technology to assist developing feasibility studies regarding the possible application of polygeneration technologies Offers a comprehensive list of all current numerical and experimental results of polygeneration available Includes simulation models, cost figures, demonstration projects and test standards for designers and researchers to validate their own models and/or to test the reliability of their results
Book Synopsis Design and Development of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning System by : Ross Anthony Bonner
Download or read book Design and Development of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning System written by Ross Anthony Bonner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Direct Evaporative Closed Air Loop (DECAL) system is a novel high efficiency liquid desiccant air-conditioning (LDAC) system which runs primarily on thermal energy rather than electricity. It is designed for residential cooling in hot and humid climates where demand is growing rapidly and incumbent direct-expansion system performance is poor. Unlike other LDAC systems, DECAL is modular. This allows the indoor hardware to remain small and non-intrusive, and offers increased flexibility to install the system in existing building stock without costly changes to the structure. This work lays out the basic operating cycle of the DECAL system and shows its thermodynamic merits in terms of ideal system performance against other LDAC systems. Design studies show DECAL offers improved thermal efficiency, especially in humid climates. The ideal thermal coefficient of performance (COP[subscript th]) is 1.24 at the design point ambient condition of 35C, 60% RH. A mathematical model is built to better characterize performance and optimize the system design. With transport inefficiencies included, the optimal system electrical and thermal COP (COP[subscript e] and COP[subscript th]) are 46.3 and 0.759 respectively for a LiCl system at the design point. These results show the DECAL system could reduce electrical consumption by over 85% from present day best-in-class systems using low-grade thermal energy. A benchtop scaled test of the closed air loop is constructed to validate the model. Experimental test results agree well with the model predictions for evaporative cooling effectiveness and sensible heat exchange, as well as pressure drop. The drying effect of the LAMEE is lower than anticipated. This is likely due to crystallization of liquid desiccant in the pores of the membrane, resulting in a high vapor diffusion resistance. Adjusting for this effect, full system test measurements match the system model well. The benchtop rig testing verified that the closed air loop is capable of generating a sensible cooling effect, but further testing is required to demonstrate modelled figures of merit are achievable.
Book Synopsis Solar Heating and Cooling Systems by : Ioan Sarbu
Download or read book Solar Heating and Cooling Systems written by Ioan Sarbu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Heating and Cooling Systems: Fundamentals, Experiments and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of this modern energy issue from both a scientific and technical level that is based on original research and the synthesis of consistent bibliographic material that meets the increasing need for modernization and greater energy efficiency to significantly reduce CO2 emissions. Ioan Sarbu and Calin Sebarchievici present a comprehensive overview of all major solar energy technologies, along with the fundamentals, experiments, and applications of solar heating and cooling systems. Technical, economic, and energy saving aspects related to design, modeling, and operation of these systems are also explored. This reference includes physical and mathematical concepts developed to make this publication a self-contained and up-to-date source of information for engineers, researchers, and professionals who are interested in the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source. Includes learning aims, chapter summaries, problems and solutions to support the theories presented Puts a specific emphasis on the practical application of the technologies in heating and cooling systems Contains calculating equations for the energy and economic index of solar systems
Book Synopsis A Novel SOFC Tri-generation System for Building Applications by : Theo Elmer
Download or read book A Novel SOFC Tri-generation System for Building Applications written by Theo Elmer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis has critically examined, both theoretically and experimentally, a novel tri-generation system concept - with encouraging system performance demonstrated. The thesis establishes the significant potential of the novel tri-generation system in providing effective built environment decarbonisation through decentralised generation; strengthening the case for a future hydrogen economy. In response to the critical need to decarbonise the built environment, alternative methods for more effective energy utilisation need to be explored including tri-generation systems. The thesis presents the design, development and testing of a novel proof-of-concept tri-generation system based on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and liquid desiccant air conditioning technology to provide electricity, heating and cooling to building applications. No previous work has been reported on such a system. The theme of the work sits within the topics of low-carbon and sustainable energy technologies, building services and low carbon building applications.
